Anmelden

Hess’s law can be used to determine the enthalpy change of any reaction if the corresponding enthalpies of formation of the reactants and products are available. The main reaction may be divided into stepwise reactions : (i) decompositions of the reactants into their component elements, for which the enthalpy changes are proportional to the negative of the enthalpies of formation of the reactants, −ΔHf°(reactants), followed by (ii) re-combinations of the elements (obtained in step 1) to give the products, with the enthalpy changes proportional to the enthalpies of formation of the products,  ΔHf° (products). The standard enthalpy change of the overall reaction is therefore equal to: (ii) the sum of the standard enthalpies of formation of all the products plus (i) the sum of the negatives of the standard enthalpies of formation of the reactants, as given by the following equation, where ∑ represents “the sum of” and n stands for the stoichiometric coefficients.

Eq1

The equation is usually rearranged slightly to be written as follows: 

Eq2

The following example shows in detail why this equation is valid and how to use it to calculate the standard enthalpy change for a reaction:

Eq3

Here, the special form of Hess’s law and the heat of formation values for the reactants and products is used: ΔHf° (HNO3) = −206.64 kJ/mol; ΔHf° (NO) = +90.2 kJ/mol; ΔHf° (NO2) = +33 kJ/mol; ΔHf° (H2O) = −285.8 kJ/mol.

Eq4

Eq5

Eq6

Eq7


This text is adapted from Openstax, Chemistry 2e, Section 5.3: Enthalpy.

Tags
JoVE CoreJoVE Core Chemistry Chapter 6JoVE Core Chemistry Lesson 802

Aus Kapitel 6:

article

Now Playing

6.12 : Reaktionsenthalpie

Thermochemie

31.2K Ansichten

article

6.1 : Energiegrundlagen

Thermochemie

36.2K Ansichten

article

6.2 : Erster Hauptsatz der Thermodynamik

Thermochemie

30.3K Ansichten

article

6.3 : Innere Energie

Thermochemie

28.2K Ansichten

article

6.4 : Quantifizierung von Wärme

Thermochemie

52.7K Ansichten

article

6.5 : Quantifizierung von Arbeit

Thermochemie

18.7K Ansichten

article

6.6 : Enthalpie

Thermochemie

34.2K Ansichten

article

6.7 : Thermochemische Gleichungen

Thermochemie

27.8K Ansichten

article

6.8 : Konstantdruck-Kalorimetrie

Thermochemie

83.3K Ansichten

article

6.9 : Kalorimetrie bei konstantem Volumen

Thermochemie

26.6K Ansichten

article

6.10 : Hessscher Wärmesatz

Thermochemie

43.6K Ansichten

article

6.11 : Standardbildungsenthalpie

Thermochemie

40.4K Ansichten

JoVE Logo

Datenschutz

Nutzungsbedingungen

Richtlinien

Forschung

Lehre

ÜBER JoVE

Copyright © 2025 MyJoVE Corporation. Alle Rechte vorbehalten