Iniciar sesión

Chapter 16

The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

Organización del sistema nervioso
Organización del sistema nervioso
The nervous system is the primary control and communication center of the body. The nervous system can be divided into two major categories—the ...
Divisiones funcionales del sistema nervioso
Divisiones funcionales del sistema nervioso
The nervous system senses, integrates, and responds to various stimuli. Based on bodily control, the central nervous system cannot be divided ...
Funciones del sistema nervioso
Funciones del sistema nervioso
The nervous system has three main functions: sensation, integration, and motor output. Sensory functions detect and process stimuli from external and ...
Neuronas: el cuerpo celular y las dendritas
Neuronas: el cuerpo celular y las dendritas
Neurons, excitable nervous system cells, generally consist of three main parts: the cell body, the dendrites, and the axon. The cell body, also known as ...
Neuronas: El axón
Neuronas: El axón
The axon is a long, thin extended portion of the neuron that carries impulses from its cell body toward the effector cell. Axoplasm, the axon's ...
Tejido Nervioso: Tipos de Neuronas
Tejido Nervioso: Tipos de Neuronas
Neurons can be categorized either by their structure or their function. Structurally, neurons are classified by the number of processes emerging from the ...
Tejido Nervioso: Células Gliales
Tejido Nervioso: Células Gliales
Glial cells or neuroglia are non-neuronal cells in the nervous system that outnumber neurons. These include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ...
Tejido nervioso: mielina
Tejido nervioso: mielina
Myelin is a protective, multilayered covering around axons, composed of lipids and proteins, that provides electrical insulation. In the PNS, individual ...
Gradiente electroquímico y proteínas de canal: una visión general
Gradiente electroquímico y proteínas de canal: una visión general
An electrochemical gradient is a fundamental concept in biology and chemistry. It regulates the movement of ions across cell membranes. This movement is ...
Canales iónicos activados por ligando
Canales iónicos activados por ligando
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when ...
Canales iónicos dependientes de voltaje
Canales iónicos dependientes de voltaje
Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the ...
Canales iónicos con compuerta mecánica
Canales iónicos con compuerta mecánica
Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, ...
Potencial de membrana en reposo
Potencial de membrana en reposo
The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane potential. It is ...
Decaimiento del potencial en reposo
Decaimiento del potencial en reposo
The resting membrane potential of a neuron (-70mV) is sustained due to the selective ion permeability of the membrane. At the resting potential, the ...
Potencial graduado
Potencial graduado
The graded potential is a short-lived, localized change in the membrane potential of a neuron. A graded potential occurs in response to a stimulus, ...
Potencial de acción
Potencial de acción
Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of ...
Potencial de acción: fases de estimulación
Potencial de acción: fases de estimulación
An action potential has three main phases: depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization. The depolarizing phase begins after a graded potential ...
Propagación de los potenciales de acción
Propagación de los potenciales de acción
The Propagation of an action potential is the process by which a nerve impulse is transmitted along the axon. It is a self-propagating process; once ...
Introducción a las sinapsis
Introducción a las sinapsis
Synapse is a region where communication occurs between two neurons or a neuron and its effector cell. The neuron that carries the impulse toward the ...
Sinapsis químicas
Sinapsis químicas
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell. Because ...
Neurotransmisores
Neurotransmisores
Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the communication between neurons in the autonomic nervous system. Neurons in the autonomic nervous system can be ...
Potencial postsináptico (PSP)
Potencial postsináptico (PSP)
Postsynaptic potential or PSP refers to a change in the electrical potential of a postsynaptic membrane when neurotransmitters released by presynaptic ...
Integración de eventos sinápticos
Integración de eventos sinápticos
The integration of synaptic events involves the summation of multiple graded potentials, such as excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, at the ...
Circuitos neuronales
Circuitos neuronales
In the central nervous system, billions of interconnected neurons are organized into specialized functional groups called neuronal pools. Within each ...
Neurogénesis y regeneración del tejido nervioso
Neurogénesis y regeneración del tejido nervioso
In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal ...
Trastornos del tejido nervioso
Trastornos del tejido nervioso
Nervous tissue disorders are caused by several factors. Homeostatic imbalances include cerebral hypoxia  — or reduced oxygen supply to the ...
JoVE Logo

Privacidad

Condiciones de uso

Políticas

Investigación

Educación

ACERCA DE JoVE

Copyright © 2025 MyJoVE Corporation. Todos los derechos reservados