Name: intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (mcao) model for ischemic stroke with laser doppler flowmetry guidance in mice
Uploaded: 2011-05-08T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Intraluminal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion MCAO Model for Ischemic Stroke with Laser Doppler Flowmetry Guidance in Mice at JoVE.com

This protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at the University of Florida and is in compliance with the 
 "Principle of Laboratory Animal Care" (NIH publication No. 86-23, revised 1985).
 1. Materials
 <ol>
 <li>Animals: Male C57BL/6 mice (Harlan Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN, USA) weighing 20&#x2013;26 grams at the time of surgery.</li>
 <li> Anesthesia: 
 <ol>
 <li>Anesthesia machine: VetEquip inhalation anesthesia system (VetEquip Inc., Pleasan...

<ol>
	<li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recommendations+on+stroke+prevention,+diagnosis,+and+therapy.+Report+of+the+WHO+Task+Force+on+Stroke+and+other+Cerebrovascular+Disorders.">Recommendations on stroke prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Report of the WHO Task Force on Stroke and other Cerebrovascular Disorders.</a> Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation. 20, 1407-1431 (1989).</li><li>Lloyd-Jones, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heart+disease+and+stroke+statistics--2009+update:+a+report+from+the+American+Heart+Association+Statistics+Committee+and+Stroke+Statistics+Subcommittee.">Heart disease and stroke statistics--2009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee.</a> Circulation. 119, e21-e181 (2009).</li><li>Longa, E. Z., Weinstein, P. R., Carlson, S., Cummins, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reversible+middle+cerebral+artery+occlusion+without+craniectomy+in+rats.">Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats.</a> Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation. 20, 84-91 (1989).</li><li>Koizumi, J., Yoshida, Y., Nakazawa, T., Ooneda, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+studies+of+ischemic+brain+edema.+I.+A+new+experimental+model+of+cerebral+embolism+in+rats+in+which+recirculation+can+be+introduced+in+the+ischemic+area.">Experimental studies of ischemic brain edema. I. A new experimental model of cerebral embolism in rats in which recirculation can be introduced in the ischemic area.</a> Jpn J Stroke. 8, 1-8 (1986).</li><li>Clark, W. M., Lessov, N. S., Dixon, M. P., Eckenstein, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monofilament+intraluminal+middle+cerebral+artery+occlusion+in+the+mouse.">Monofilament intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion in the mouse.</a> Neurol Res. 19, 641-648 (1997).</li><li>Fujii, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Strain-related+differences+in+susceptibility+to+transient+forebrain+ischemia+in+SV-129+and+C57black/6+mice.+.">Strain-related differences in susceptibility to transient forebrain ischemia in SV-129 and C57black/6 mice. .</a> Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation. 28, 1805-1810 (1997).</li><li>Bederson, J. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium+chloride+as+a+stain+for+detection+and+quantification+of+experimental+cerebral+infarction+in+rats.">Evaluation of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride as a stain for detection and quantification of experimental cerebral infarction in rats.</a> Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation. 17, 1304-1308 (1986).</li><li>Qi, X., Hosoi, T., Okuma, Y., Kaneko, M., Nomura, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sodium+4-phenylbutyrate+protects+against+cerebral+ischemic+injury.">Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate protects against cerebral ischemic injury.</a> Mol Pharmacol. 66, 899-908 (2004).</li><li>Barone, F. C., Knudsen, D. J., Nelson, A. H., Feuerstein, G. Z., Willette, R. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+strain+differences+in+susceptibility+to+cerebral+ischemia+are+related+to+cerebral+vascular+anatomy.">Mouse strain differences in susceptibility to cerebral ischemia are related to cerebral vascular anatomy.</a> J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 13, 683-692 (1993).</li><li>Tureyen, K., Vemuganti, R., Sailor, K. A., Dempsey, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ideal+suture+diameter+is+critical+for+consistent+middle+cerebral+artery+occlusion+in+mice.">Ideal suture diameter is critical for consistent middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice.</a> Neurosurgery. 56, 196-200 (2005).</li><li>Barber, P. A., Hoyte, L., Colbourne, F., Buchan, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temperature-regulated+model+of+focal+ischemia+in+the+mouse:+a+study+with+histopathological+and+behavioral+outcomes.">Temperature-regulated model of focal ischemia in the mouse: a study with histopathological and behavioral outcomes.</a> Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation. 35, 1720-1725 (2004).</li><li>Kapinya, K. J., Prass, K., Dirnagl, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isoflurane+induced+prolonged+protection+against+cerebral+ischemia+in+mice:+a+redox+sensitive+mechanism?.">Isoflurane induced prolonged protection against cerebral ischemia in mice: a redox sensitive mechanism?.</a> Neuroreport. 13, 1431-1435 (2002).</li></ol>

The MCAO model is an established model that replicates cerebral ischemia in murine species. This model was first used in rats and thereafter 
adapted to mice. Avoiding craniectomy to eliminate the influence of surgical manipulation on blood brain barrier permeability and intracranial pressure is an advantage 
of this technique. However, many variables, such as strain-related differences10, size of suture tip11, duration of occlusion6, 
body temperature12, anesthesia13</su...

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<th>Name of the reagent</th>
			<th>Type</th>
			<th>Company</th>
			<th>Catalogue number</th>
			<th>Comments (optional)</th>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Male C57BL/6 mice</td>
			<td>Animal</td>
			<td>Harlan Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN, USA</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>20-26 grs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissection microscope</td>
			<td>Microscope</td>
			<td>Leica stereo Microscope MZ6</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>6.3:1 zoom</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fiber optic illuminator</td>
			<td>Illuminator</td>
			<td>TechniQuip Corp., Livermore, CA, USA</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>FO1&#x2013;150</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Anesthesia</td>
			<td>Baxter Pharmaceutics, Deerfield, IL</td>
			<td>1001936060</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SuperCut Iris scissor, straight</td>
			<td>Surgical tool</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments, Inc., Sarasota, FL, USA</td>
			<td>14218</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vannas micro-scissor, straight</td>
			<td>Surgical tool</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments, Inc., Sarasota, FL, USA</td>
			<td>14003</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont fine tip forceps</td>
			<td>Surgical tool</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments, Inc., Sarasota, FL, USA</td>
			<td>503290</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vessel clip</td>
			<td>Surgical tool</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments, Inc., Sarasota, FL, USA</td>
			<td>14120</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High Frequency Desiccator 900</td>
			<td>Surgical tool</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments, Inc., Sarasota, FL, USA</td>
			<td>500397</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>7-0 surgical Nylon monofilament suture</td>
			<td>Suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, NJ, USA</td>
			<td>1647G</td>
			<td>Suture for occlusion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>7-0 surgical Silk suture</td>
			<td>Suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, NJ, USA</td>
			<td>7733G</td>
			<td>Suture for ligation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silicone RTV adhesive</td>
			<td>Silicone rubber</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments, Inc., Sarasota, FL, USA</td>
			<td>1571</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vetbond</td>
			<td>Tissue adhesive</td>
			<td>3M Company, St Paul, MN, USA</td>
			<td>70200746587</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Puralube Vet Ointment</td>
			<td>Eye ointment</td>
			<td>Pharmaderm, Melville, NY, USA</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine hydrochlorode</td>
			<td>Analgesics</td>
			<td>Hospira Inc., Lake Forest, IL, USA</td>
			<td>NDC 0409-2012-32</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermal Cautery Unit</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments, Inc., Sarasota, FL, USA</td>
			<td>501292</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PeriFlux System 5000</td>
			<td>TCD flowmetry</td>
			<td>Perimed, Stockholm, Sweeden</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BAT-12</td>
			<td>Rectal thermometer</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments, Inc., Sarasota, FL, USA</td>
			<td>BAT-12R</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T/PUMP, TP600</td>
			<td>Thermal blanket</td>
			<td>Gaymar, NY, USA</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride</td>
			<td>Reagent</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Co., St Louis, MO, USA</td>
			<td>T8877</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mice brain matrix slicer</td>
			<td>Brain slicer</td>
			<td>Zivic-Miller Lab., Inc., Allison Park, PA, USA</td>
			<td>BSMAS001-1</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (mcao) model for ischemic stroke with laser doppler flowmetry guidance in mice

Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability in the world, with an estimated cost of near $70 billion 
in the United States in 20091,2. The intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was developed by Koizumi4 in 1986 to simulate this 
impactful human pathology in the rat. A modification of the MCAO method was later presented by Longa3. Both techniques have been widely used to identify 
molecular mechanisms of brain injury resulting from ischemic stroke and potential therapeutic modalities5. This relatively noninvasive method in rats has been 
extended to use in mice to take advantage of transgenic and knockout strains6,7. To model focal cerebral ischemia, an intraluminal suture is advanced via 
the internal carotid artery to occlude the base of the MCA. Retracting the suture after a specified period of time mimics spontaneous reperfusion, but the 
suture can also be permanently retained. This video will be demonstrating the two major approaches for performing intraluminal MCAO procedure in mice in a 
stepwise fashion, as well as providing insights for potential drawbacks and pitfalls. The ischemic brain tissue will subsequently be stained by 
2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) to evaluate the extent of cerebral infarction8.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Intraluminal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion MCAO Model for Ischemic Stroke with Laser Doppler Flowmetry Guidance in Mice at JoVE.com

Intraluminal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion MCAO Model for Ischemic Stroke with Laser Doppler Flowmetry Guidance in Mice

The intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model is the most frequent used model among experimental ischemic stroke models. Here we will demonstrate the entire model in detail with the guide of Laser Doppler flowmetry, and its representative results.

Intraluminal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) Model for Ischemic Stroke with Laser Doppler Flowmetry Guidance in Mice

Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability in the world, with an estimated cost of near $70 billion 
in the United ...

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Stroke is the most common fatal neurological disease in the United States 1. The majority of strokes (88%) result from blockage of blood vessels in the ...

Mouse Model of Intraluminal MCAO: Cerebral Infarct Evaluation by Cresyl Violet Staining

Stroke is the third  cause of mortality and the leading cause of disability in the World. Ischemic  stroke accounts for approximately 80% of all strokes. ...

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There is accumulating evidence, that ischemic preconditioning - a non-damaging ischemic challenge to the brain - confers a transient protection to a ...

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Stroke is the number one cause of disability and third leading cause of death in the world, costing an estimated $70 billion in the United States in ...

Utilizing a Cranial Window to Visualize the Middle Cerebral Artery During Endothelin-1 Induced Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Creation of a cranial window is a method that allows direct visualization of structures on the cortical surface of the brain1-3. This technique can be ...

Optimized System for Cerebral Perfusion Monitoring in the Rat Stroke Model of Intraluminal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

The translational potential of pre-clinical stroke research depends on the accuracy of experimental modeling. Cerebral perfusion monitoring in animal ...

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Stroke is the third most common cause of death and a main cause of acquired adult disability in developed countries. Only very limited therapeutical ...

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Embolic Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion MCAO for Ischemic Stroke with Homologous Blood Clots in Rats

Clinically, thrombolytic therapy with use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the most effective treatment for acute ischemic ...

Quantification of Neurovascular Protection Following Repetitive Hypoxic Preconditioning and Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice

Experimental animal models of stroke are invaluable tools for understanding stroke pathology and developing more effective treatment strategies. A 2 week ...