Name: a method to test the efficacy of handwashing for the removal of emerging infectious pathogens
Uploaded: 2017-06-07T14:00:00.000+00:00
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method to Test the Efficacy of Handwashing for the Removal of Emerging Infectious Pathogens at JoVE.com

Esta labor contó con el apoyo de la Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional, Oficina de Asistencia para Desastres en el Extranjero (AID-OFDA-A-15-00026). Marlene Wolfe recibió el apoyo de la National Science Foundation (subvención 0966093).

<ol>
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E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ability+of+Hand+Hygiene+Interventions+Using+Alcohol-Based+Hand+Sanitizers+and+Soap+To+Reduce+Microbial+Load+on+Farmworker+Hands+Soiled+during+Harvest.">Ability of Hand Hygiene Interventions Using Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers and Soap To Reduce Microbial Load on Farmworker Hands Soiled during Harvest.</a> J Food Protect. 78 (11), 2024-2032 (2015).</li><li>Boyce, J. 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Los autores declaran que no tienen intereses financieros en competencia.

The method described here provides an approach for testing handwashing efficacy in a controlled laboratory setting. This method highlights the use of human volunteers and surrogate, non-infectious organisms. Using the method, it was possible to demonstrate differences in: 1) the efficacy of handwashing methods and 2) organism persistence in rinse water. The purpose of presenting this protocol is to provide a general framework that can be adapted to test a wide range of surrogate organisms and handwashing methods relevant...

El lavado de manos es ampliamente recomendado para prevenir la propagación de enfermedades, particularmente las transmitidas por vía fecal-oral o aérea, incluyendo enfermedades diarreicas y respiratorias 1 . Sorprendentemente, hay poca evidencia comparable sobre la eficacia de los métodos de lavado de manos, como el lavado de manos con jabón y agua (HWWS) y con desinfectante de manos a base de alcohol (ABHS), en la eliminación de organismos de las manos. La investigación inicial ha encontrado que la acción mecánica del lavado de manos, en comparación con el método de lavado de manos, puede explicar la mayor parte de la eliminación del organismo 2 , 3 . Además, hay poca evidencia comparativa sobre qué método de lavado de manos es más eficaz. En una revisión informal de la literatura, se identificaron 14 estudios que compararon la eficacia del jabón y el desinfectante para las manos en la eliminación de organismos. De estos estudios, cinco encontraron ABHS para ser más eficaz 4 , </Sup&gt; 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , siete encontró HWWS a ser más eficaces 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , y dos no encontraron diferencias significativas entre los métodos 16 , 17 . Estos hallazgos son inconsistentes y no abordan el riesgo continuo de enfermedad por la persistencia de organismos en el agua de enjuague después del lavado de manos. En general, las pruebas sobre la eficacia comparativa de los métodos de lavado de manos para la eliminación de patógenos causantes de enfermedades infecciosas son limitadas. Esta evidencia limitada ha llevado a la incertidumbre sobre qué métodos son los más apropiados en los ajustes del brote. Por ejemplo, Durante el brote de Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) en África Occidental de 2013 a 2016, varios grandes respuestas internacionales proporcionaron recomendaciones contradictorias para HWWS, ABHS o soluciones al 0,05% de cloro. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) recomienda el uso de solución de cloro al 0,05% para el lavado de manos, mientras que la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) recomienda HWWS o ABHS (si las manos no están visiblemente sucias). La OMS llega a afirmar que el cloro no debe utilizarse a menos que no haya otras opciones disponibles, ya que es menos eficaz que otros métodos debido a la demanda de cloro ejercida por la piel 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 . Además, las soluciones de cloro se producen comúnmente a partir de cuatro compuestos de cloro diferentes, incluyendo hipoclorito de alta prueba (HTH), hipoclorito de sodio generado localmente y estabilizado (NaOCl), y sodDicloroisocianurato de ium (NaDCC). Una revisión sistemática encargada por la OMS en respuesta al brote EVD en África Occidental recientemente encontró sólo cuatro estudios que investigan la eficacia comparativa del lavado de manos con cloro 23 . Estos estudios también produjeron resultados contradictorios, y ninguno de estos estudios utilizó la concentración de cloro recomendada del 0,05% para el lavado de manos o investigó microorganismos similares al virus Ebola 10 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 . Por lo tanto, no se encontró que las recomendaciones estuvieran basadas en pruebas científicas y no estaba claro cuáles de las recomendaciones eran más eficaces. Se necesitan más investigaciones para comparar los métodos de lavado de manos para prevenir la propagación de patógenos infecciosos, ya que las intervenciones de lavado de manos son una herramienta importante para prevenir la transmisión de enfermedades epidémicas. Estos hY las recomendaciones de lavado deben basarse en pruebas. Por lo tanto, se desarrolló un método para probar la eficacia del lavado de manos y la persistencia del agua de enjuague, realizada con sustitutos o patógenos no infecciosos2 , 28 , 29 . Se presentan aquí los resultados de la muestra, usando Phi6 como un sustituto del virus Ebola y usando Escherichia coli como un organismo indicador común. En este protocolo se presentan las pruebas de eficacia de lavado de manos y de persistencia del agua de enjuague.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Soap bar</td><td>Dove</td><td>White Beauty Bar soap</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Alcohol-based hand sanitizer</td><td>Purell</td><td>Advanced Instant Hand Sanitizer with 70% Ethyl Alcohol</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HTH Powder</td><td>Acros Organics</td><td>300340010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NaDCC Powder</td><td>Medentech</td><td>Klorsept granules</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NaOCl Solution</td><td>Acros Organics</td><td>419550010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Electrochlorinator</td><td>AquaChlor</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Iodometric titrator</td><td>Hach</td><td>1690001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bovine serum albumin</td><td>MP Biomedicals</td><td>NC0117242</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tryptone</td><td>Fisher</td><td>BP1421-100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bovine Mucin</td><td>EMD Milipore</td><td>49-964-3500MG</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.22 &amp;micro;m Filter</td><td>EMD Milipore</td><td>GVWP04700</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NaCl</td><td>Fisher</td><td>BP358-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Skin pH probe</td><td>Hanna Instruments</td><td>H199181</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Large Whirlpak Sample Bag</td><td>Nasco</td><td>B01447WA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Small Whirlpak Sample Bag</td><td>Nasco</td><td>B01323WA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Funnel bottle</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>3120850001</td><td>You may drill an appropriately sized hole in the lid of a bottle to form a funnel that will dispense water at the appropriate flow rate</td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol</td><td>ThermoScientific</td><td>615090010</td><td>Mix with water to produce 70% ethanol</td></tr><tr><td>Spray bottle</td><td>Qorpak</td><td>PLC06934</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;E. coli&lt;/em&gt;</td><td>ATCC</td><td>25922</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>LB Broth</td><td>Fisher BioReagents</td><td>BP1426-2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>LB Agar</td><td>Fisher BioReagents</td><td>BP1425-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterile loop</td><td>Globe Scientific</td><td>22-170-204</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phi6</td><td>HER</td><td>102</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nutrient broth</td><td>BD Difco</td><td>BD 247110</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>GeneQuant 100 Spectrophotometer</td><td>General Electric</td><td>28-9182-04</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium thiosulfate</td><td>Fisher Chemical</td><td>S445-3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Membrane filter (47 mm, 0.45 &amp;micro;m)</td><td>EMD Millipore</td><td>HAWP04700</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>m-ColiBlue24 broth media</td><td>EMD Millipore</td><td>M00PMCB24</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Petri dish with pad (47 mm)</td><td>Fisherbrand</td><td>09-720-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vacuum Manifold</td><td>Thermo Scientific/Nalgene</td><td>09-752-5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Filter funnels</td><td>Thermo Scientific/Nalgene</td><td>09-747</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pseudomonas syringae</td><td>HER</td><td>1102</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phosphate Buffered Saline</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>10010031</td><td>Solution may also be mixed from source compounds according to any basic recipe</td></tr></tbody></table>

a method to test the efficacy of handwashing for the removal of emerging infectious pathogens

El lavado de manos es ampliamente recomendado para prevenir la transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas. Sin embargo, hay poca evidencia comparable sobre la eficacia de los métodos de lavado de manos en general. Adicionalmente, existe poca evidencia que compara los métodos de lavado de manos para determinar cuáles son los más eficaces para eliminar patógenos infecciosos. Se necesitan investigaciones para aportar pruebas de los diferentes enfoques del lavado de manos que pueden emplearse durante los brotes de enfermedades infecciosas. Aquí se describe un método de laboratorio para evaluar la eficacia de los métodos de lavado de manos en la eliminación de microorganismos de las manos y su persistencia en el agua de enjuague. Las manos de los voluntarios se puntean primero con el organismo de prueba y luego se lavan con cada método de lavado de manos de interés. En general, los microorganismos sustitutivos se utilizan para proteger a los seres humanos de la enfermedad. El número de organismos que permanecen en las manos de los voluntarios después del lavado se prueba usando un método modificado de &quot;jugo de guante&quot;: las manos se colocan en guantes con un eluY se lavan para suspender los microorganismos y hacerlos disponibles para su análisis por filtración en membrana (bacterias) o ensayo de placa (virus / bacteriófagos). El agua de enjuague producida por el lavado de manos se recoge directamente para su análisis. La eficacia del lavado de manos se cuantifica comparando el valor de reducción logarítmica entre las muestras tomadas después del lavado de manos y las muestras sin lavado de manos. La persistencia del agua de enjuague se cuantifica comparando muestras de agua de enjuague de varios métodos de lavado de manos con muestras recogidas después de lavarse las manos con agua justa. Aunque este método está limitado por la necesidad de usar organismos sustitutivos para preservar la seguridad de los voluntarios humanos, captura aspectos del lavado de manos que son difíciles de replicar en un estudio in vitro y llena vacíos de investigación sobre la eficacia del lavado de manos y la persistencia de organismos infecciosos en el enjuague agua.

Aquí, el protocolo ( Figura 1 ] se completó con 18 voluntarios, que fueron cada uno de los ensayos utilizando tanto E. coli y Phi6. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los resultados de lavado de manos con E. coli con y sin carga de suelo y Phi6 con carga de suelo ( Figura 2 y Figura 3 ). Para E. coli sin carga del suelo, el lavado de manos con HTH, NaDCC y N...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method to Test the Efficacy of Handwashing for the Removal of Emerging Infectious Pathogens at JoVE.com

A Method to Test the Efficacy of Handwashing for the Removal of Emerging Infectious Pathogens

El lavado de manos es ampliamente recomendado para prevenir la transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas. Sin embargo, hay poca evidencia de que los métodos de lavado de manos sean más eficaces para eliminar patógenos de enfermedades infecciosas. Se desarrolló un método para evaluar la eficacia de los métodos de lavado de manos en la eliminación de microorganismos.

Un método para probar la eficacia del lavado de manos para la eliminación de patógenos infecciosos emergentes

Handwashing is widely recommended to prevent infectious disease transmission. However, little comparable evidence exists on the efficacy of handwashing ...

a-method-to-test-efficacy-handwashing-for-removal-emerging-infectious

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

19.0K vistas.  Tufts University.  El lavado de manos es ampliamente recomendado para prevenir la transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas. Sin embargo, hay poca evidencia de que los métodos de lavado de manos sean más eficaces para eliminar patógenos de enfermedades infecciosas. Se desarrolló un método para evaluar la eficacia de los métodos de lavado de manos en la eliminación de microorganismos. 

Video: A Method to Test the Efficacy of Handwashing for the Removal of Emerging Infectious Pathogens

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. I. Collection of Virus Samples

EPA Method 1615 was developed with a goal of providing a standard method for measuring enteroviruses and noroviruses in environmental and drinking waters. The standardized sampling component of the method concentrates viruses that may be present in water by passage of a minimum specified volume of water through an electropositive cartridge filter. The minimum specified volumes for surface and finished/ground water are 300 L and 1,500 L, respectively. A major method limitation is the tendency for the filters to clog before meeting the sample volume requirement. Studies using two different, but equivalent, cartridge filter options showed that filter clogging was a problem with 10% of the samples with one of the filter types compared to 6% with the other filter type. Clogging tends to increase with turbidity, but cannot be predicted based on turbidity measurements only. From a cost standpoint one of the filter options is preferable over the other, but the water quality and experience with the water system to be sampled should be taken into consideration in making filter selections.

EPA Method 1615 uses an electropositive filter to concentrate enteroviruses and noroviruses in environmental and drinking waters. This manuscript describes the procedure for collecting samples for Method 1615 analyses.

Método EPA 1615. La medición de enterovirus y norovirus Ocurrencia en agua por cultura y RT-qPCR. I. Colección de ejemplos de virus

EPA Method 1615 was developed with a goal of providing a standard method for measuring enteroviruses and noroviruses in environmental and drinking waters. ...

Investigación

Medio ambiente

Determining Viral Disinfection Efficacy of Hot Water Laundering

This protocol provides an example of a laboratory process for conducting laundering studies that generate data on viral disinfection. While the protocol was developed for research during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is intended to be a framework, adaptable to other virus disinfection studies; it demonstrates the steps for preparing the test virus, inoculating the test material, assessing visual and integrity changes to the washed items due to the laundering process, and quantifying the reduction in viral load. Additionally, the protocol outlines the necessary quality control samples for ensuring the experiments are not biased by contamination and measurements/observations that should be recorded to track the material integrity of the personal protective equipment (PPE) items after multiple laundering cycles. The representative results presented with the protocol use the Phi6 bacteriophage inoculated onto cotton scrub, denim, and cotton face-covering materials and indicate that the hot water laundering and drying process achieved over a 3-log (99.9%) reduction in viral load for all samples (a 3-log reduction is the disinfectant performance metric in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Product Performance Test Guideline 810.2200). The reduction in viral load was uniform across different locations on the PPE items. The results of this viral disinfection efficacy testing protocol should help the scientific community explore the effectiveness of home laundering for other types of test viruses and laundering procedures.

In response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, a laboratory protocol was developed to test the viral disinfection efficacy of hot water laundering of cloth face coverings, cotton scrubs, and denim pants. The Phi6 virus (bacteriophage) was used as the organism to test disinfection efficacy.

Determinación de la eficacia de la desinfección viral del lavado de agua caliente

This protocol provides an example of a laboratory process for conducting laundering studies that generate data on viral disinfection. While the protocol ...

Ingeniería

Swab Sampling Method for the Detection of Human Norovirus on Surfaces

Human noroviruses are a leading cause of epidemic and sporadic gastroenteritis worldwide. Because most infections are either spread directly via the person-to-person route or indirectly through environmental surfaces or food, contaminated fomites and inanimate surfaces are important vehicles for the spread of the virus during norovirus outbreaks.
We developed and evaluated a protocol using macrofoam swabs for the detection and typing of human noroviruses from hard surfaces. Compared with fiber-tipped swabs or antistatic wipes, macrofoam swabs allow virus recovery (range 1.2-33.6%) from toilet seat surfaces of up to 700 cm2. The protocol includes steps for the extraction of the virus from the swabs and further concentration of the viral RNA using spin columns. In total, 127 (58.5%) of 217 swab samples that had been collected from surfaces in cruise ships and long-term care facilities where norovirus gastroenteritis had been reported tested positive for GII norovirus by RT-qPCR. Of these 29 (22.8%) could be successfully genotyped. In conclusion, detection of norovirus on environmental surfaces using the protocol we developed may assist in determining the level of environmental contamination during outbreaks as well as detection of virus when clinical samples are not available; it may also facilitate monitoring of effectiveness of remediation strategies.

A macrofoam based sampling methodology was developed and evaluated for the detection and quantification of norovirus on environmental hard surfaces.

Método de muestreo hisopo para la Detección de norovirus humano en superficies

Human noroviruses are a leading cause of epidemic and sporadic gastroenteritis worldwide. Because most infections are either spread directly via the ...

Inmunología e Infección

Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method

As rates of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens continue to rise, outpacing the development of new antimicrobials, novel approaches to treatment of MDR bacteria are increasingly becoming a necessity. One such approach is combination therapy, in which two or more antibiotics are used together to treat an infection against which one or both of the drugs may be ineffective alone. When two drugs, in combination, exert a greater than additive effect, they are considered synergistic. In vitro investigation of synergistic activity is an important first step in evaluating the possible efficacy of drug combinations. Two main in vitro synergy testing methods have been developed: the checkerboard array and the time-kill study. In this paper, we present an automated checkerboard array method that makes use of inkjet printing technology to increase the efficiency and accuracy of this technique, as well as a standard manual time-kill synergy method. The automated checkerboard array can serve as a high-throughput screening assay, while the manual time-kill study provides additional, complementary data on synergistic activity and killing.
The checkerboard array is a modification of standard minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing, in which bacteria are incubated with antibiotics at different concentration combinations and evaluated for growth inhibition after overnight incubation. Manual performance of the checkerboard array requires a laborious and error-prone series of calculations and dilutions. In the automated method presented here, the calculation and dispensing of required antibiotic stock solution volumes are automated through the use of inkjet printer technology. In the time-kill synergy assay, bacteria are incubated with the antibiotics of interest, both together and individually, and sampled at intervals over the course of 24 h for quantitative culture. The results can determine whether a combination is synergistic and whether it is bactericidal, and provide data on inhibition and killing of bacteria over time.

Antimicrobial synergy testing is used to evaluate the effect of two or more antibiotics used in combination and is typically performed by one of two methods: the checkerboard array or the time-kill assay. Here, we present an automated, inkjet printer-assisted checkerboard array synergy technique and a classic time-kill synergy study.

Sinergia antimicrobiana prueba asistida por la impresora de inyección de tinta matriz tablero automatizado y el método Manual de tiempo de matar

As rates of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens continue to rise, outpacing the development of new antimicrobials, novel approaches to treatment of MDR ...

VirWaTest, A Point-of-Use Method for the Detection of Viruses in Water Samples

Viruses excreted by humans and animals may contaminate water sources and pose a risk to human health when this water is used for drinking, food irrigation, washing, etc. The classical fecal bacteria indicator does not always check for the presence of viral pathogens so the detection of viral pathogens and viral indicators is relevant in order to adopt measures of risk mitigation, especially in humanitarian scenarios and in areas where water-borne viral outbreaks are frequent.
At present, several commercial tests allowing the quantification of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) are available for testing at the point of use. However, such commercial tests are not available for the detection of viruses. The detection of viruses in environmental water samples requires concentrating several liters into smaller volumes. Moreover, once concentrated, the detection of viruses relies on methods such as nucleic acid extraction and molecular detection (e.g., polymerase chain reaction [PCR]-based assays) of the viral genomes.
The method described here allows the concentration of viruses from 10 L water samples, as well as the extraction of viral nucleic acids at the point of use, with simple and portable equipment. This allows the testing of water samples at the point of use for several viruses and is useful in humanitarian scenarios, as well as at any context where an equipped laboratory is not available. Alternatively, the method allows concentrating viruses present in water samples and the shipping of the concentrate to a laboratory at room temperature for further analysis.

Here we present VirWaTest, which is a simple, affordable and portable method for the concentration and detection of viruses from water samples at the point of use.

VirWaTest, un método de punto de uso para la detección de virus en muestras de agua

Viruses excreted by humans and animals may contaminate water sources and pose a risk to human health when this water is used for drinking, food ...

Prion Safety Laboratory Swipe Test

Transmission of iatrogenic prion disease has occurred from contaminated neurosurgical tools, transplant materials, and occupational exposure to prion-contaminated laboratory tools. Prions cause disease by the templated misfolding of the normal cellular form of the prion protein, PrPC, into the misfolded and pathogenic form PrPSc and are invariably fatal. Reducing iatrogenic and occupational prion transmission is challenging. First, prions can bind to and persist on surfaces for long periods of time. Second, prions are highly resistant to inactivation. Given this, surfaces can retain infectivity for long periods of time following ineffective decontamination. Not only can this pose a potential occupational risk for prion laboratory workers, but it could potentially cross-contaminate laboratory experiments utilizing sensitive prion amplification techniques. The protocol described here for a prion safety laboratory swipe test includes steps for the identification and documentation of high-traffic laboratory areas, recommended swabbing controls to ensure the validity of results, steps to identify proper responses to positive surface swabbing sites, representative results from prion swipe testing, as well as potential artifactual results. Overall, the prion safety laboratory swipe test can be implemented as part of a broader prion safety program to assess decontamination of surfaces, monitor common spaces for prion contamination, and implement the documentation of prion decontamination status.

A method to assess commonly used areas in laboratory settings for prion contamination and effective decontamination is lacking. The protocol described here provides key fundamentals for implementing a laboratory prion safety swipe test that can easily be modified to meet the individual needs of specific laboratories.

Prueba de deslizamiento de laboratorio de seguridad priónica

Transmission of iatrogenic prion disease has occurred from contaminated neurosurgical tools, transplant materials, and occupational exposure to ...

Swabbing the Urban Environment - A Pipeline for Sampling and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Environmental Reservoirs

To control community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the 2020 global pandemic, most countries implemented strategies based on direct human testing, face covering, and surface disinfection. Under the assumption that the main route of transmission includes aerosols and respiratory droplets, efforts to detect SARS-CoV-2 in fomites have focused on locations suspected of high prevalence (e.g., hospital wards, cruise ships, and mass transportation systems). To investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces in the urban environment that are rarely cleaned and&#160;seldomly disinfected, 350 citizens were enlisted from the greater San Diego County. In total, these citizen scientists collected 4,080 samples. An online platform was developed to monitor sampling kit delivery and pickup, as well as to collect sample data. The sampling kits were mostly built from supplies available in pandemic-stressed stores. Samples were processed using reagents that were easy to access despite the recurrent supply shortage. The methods used were highly sensitive and resistant to inhibitors that are commonly present in environmental samples. The proposed experimental design and processing methods were successful at engaging numerous citizen scientists who effectively gathered samples from diverse surface areas. The workflow and methods described here are relevant to survey the urban environment for other viruses, which are of public health concern and pose a threat for&#160;future pandemics.

A citizen science project was designed to recruit San Diego residents to collect environmental samples for SARS-CoV-2. A multilingual web-based platform was created for data submission using a user-friendly mobile device interface. A laboratory information management system facilitated the collection of thousands of geographically diverse samples with real-time outcome tracking.

Hisopado del medio ambiente urbano - Una tubería para el muestreo y la detección del SARS-CoV-2 de los embalses ambientales

To control community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the 2020 global pandemic, most countries ...

Biología

Eficacia antimicrobiana de los tejidos nano-herbales

An Antimicrobial Fabric Using Nano-Herbal Encapsulation of Essential Oils

Lab coats are widely used in biohazard laboratories and healthcare facilities as protective garments to prevent direct exposure to pathogens, spills, and burns. These cotton-based protective coats provide ideal conditions for microbial growth and attachment sites due to their porous nature, moisture-holding capacity, and retention of warmth from the user&#39;s body. Several studies have demonstrated the survival of pathogenic bacteria on hospital garments and lab coats, acting as vectors of microbial transmission.
A common approach to fix these problems is the application of antimicrobial agents in textile finishing, but concerns have been raised due to the toxicity and environmental effects of many synthetic chemicals. The ongoing pandemic has also opened a window for the investigation of effective antimicrobials and eco-friendly and toxic-free formulations. This study uses two natural bioactive compounds, carvacrol and thymol, encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles, which guarantee effective protection against four human pathogens with up to a 4-log reduction (99.99%). These pathogens are frequently detected in lab coats used in biohazard laboratories.
The treated fabrics also resisted up to 10 wash cycles with 90% microbial reduction, which is sufficient for the intended use. We made modifications to the existing standard fabric tests to better represent the typical scenarios of lab coat usage. These refinements allow for a more accurate evaluation of the effectiveness of antimicrobial lab coats and for the simulation of the fate of any accidental microbial spills that must be neutralized within a short time. Further studies are recommended to investigate the accumulation of pathogens over time on antimicrobial lab coats compared to regular protective coats.

Autor destacado: Un tejido antimicrobiano que utiliza la encapsulación nanoherbal de aceites esenciales  

Antimicrobial lab coats prevent the cross-contamination of pathogen accumulation and accidental bio-spills. Here, we describe the protocol for developing a skin-friendly antimicrobial fabric using nano-herbal encapsulation and modified standard tests to precisely evaluate the efficacy and suitability for typical usage of the lab coat.

Un tejido antimicrobiano que utiliza nano-herbal encapsulación de aceites esenciales

Lab coats are widely used in biohazard laboratories and healthcare facilities as protective garments to prevent direct exposure to pathogens, spills, and ...

Un método para probar la eficacia del lavado de manos para la eliminación de patógenos infecciosos emergentes

Resumen

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Capítulos en este video

Método EPA 1615. La medición de enterovirus y norovirus Ocurrencia en agua por cultura y RT-qPCR. I. Colección de ejemplos de virus

Determinación de la eficacia de la desinfección viral del lavado de agua caliente

Método de muestreo hisopo para la Detección de norovirus humano en superficies

Sinergia antimicrobiana prueba asistida por la impresora de inyección de tinta matriz tablero automatizado y el método Manual de tiempo de matar

VirWaTest, un método de punto de uso para la detección de virus en muestras de agua

Prueba de deslizamiento de laboratorio de seguridad priónica

Hisopado del medio ambiente urbano - Una tubería para el muestreo y la detección del SARS-CoV-2 de los embalses ambientales

Un tejido antimicrobiano que utiliza nano-herbal encapsulación de aceites esenciales

Un tejido antimicrobiano que utiliza nano-herbal encapsulación de aceites esenciales

Un tejido antimicrobiano que utiliza nano-herbal encapsulación de aceites esenciales