Name: high-dimensionality flow cytometry for immune function analysis of dissected implant tissues
Uploaded: 2021-09-15T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about High-Dimensionality Flow Cytometry for Immune Function Analysis of Dissected Implant Tissues at JoVE.com

This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, including the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. Disclaimer: The NIH, its officers, and employees do no recommend or endorse any company, product, or service.

NOTE: Figure 1 gives an overview of the flow cytometry protocol.
1) Reagent preparation
<ol>
	<li>Prepare media for diluting enzymes and for tissue culture.
	<ol>
		<li>Add 5 mL of 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer solution into 500 mL of RPMI medium and shake well. Store the medium at 4 &#176;C until further use.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Calculate the volume of the enzyme solution. 
	&#8203;NOTE: The volume of the enzyme solu...

<ol>
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This review describes a detailed methodology for isolating cells from biomaterial implants to obtain a uniform cell suspension. In addition, a detailed protocol has been provided for staining the cell suspension for multicolor flow cytometry, along with the steps for configuring a flow cytometer for optimal results. Cell isolation methods can involve multiple steps, often utilizing manual tissue dissection followed by enzymatic digestion with proteolytic enzymes to dissociate the extracellular matrix in the tissue and di...

Advances in the field of medicine have led to the frequent use of implanted materials for supporting the function or re-growth of damaged tissue1,2. These include devices such as pacemakers, reconstructive cosmetic implants, and orthopedic plates used for bone fracture fixation3,4. However, the materials used to make these implants and the locations in which they are implanted play important roles in determining the success of these implants5,6,7. As foreign bodies, these implants can generate an immune response from the host that can either lead to rejection or tolerance8. This factor has driven biomaterial research to generate materials that can attract the desired immune response after implantation9,10,11,12.
The immune response is an essential requirement in the field of regenerative medicine, where a tissue or an organ is grown around a biomaterial skeleton (scaffold) in a laboratory for the replacement of a damaged tissue or organ13,14,15,16. In regenerative medicine, the goal is to replace missing or damaged tissue through the use of cells, signals, and scaffolds, each of which can be greatly modulated by immune responses17. Furthermore, even when a lack of immune response is desired, it is very rarely an absence of immune activity rather than the presence of a regulatory profile that is desired18. Techniques such as flow cytometry can play a significant role in characterizing the pattern of immune response to various biomaterials used for coating implant devices or for developing scaffolds for tissue engineering19.
This information, in turn, will ultimately help in developing biomaterials for implants that can be well-tolerated by the immune system or in developing scaffolds that can play a constructive role in tissue engineering. Proper preparation of samples for analysis by flow cytometry is an important step for avoiding inaccurate results in immune characterization via fluorescence activated cell sorting20,21. Therefore, this review presents a detailed methodology that can be utilized for the isolation of cells from scaffold tissue, staining the cell suspension, and analysis by flow cytometry.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL conical tubes</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14-432-22</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6 Well Plate</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>07-000-646</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Brilliant Stain Buffer Plus</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>566385</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Cytofix</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>554655</td>
			<td>For only fixing cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine serum albumin</td>
			<td>Millipore Sigma</td>
			<td>A7906</td>
			<td>For preparing FACS staining buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD11b AF700</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>101222</td>
			<td>Clone: M1/70</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD11c PerCP/Cy5.5</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>117325</td>
			<td>Clone: N418</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD197 PE/Dazzle594</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>120121</td>
			<td>Clone: 4B12</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD200R3 APC</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>142207</td>
			<td>Clone: Ba13</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD206 PE</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>141705</td>
			<td>Clone: C068C2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD45 BUV737</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>612778</td>
			<td>Clone: 104/A20</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD86 BUV395</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>564199</td>
			<td>Clone: GL1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD8a BV421</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>100737</td>
			<td>Clone: 53-6.7</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Comp Bead anti-mouse</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>552843</td>
			<td>For compensation control</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNase I</td>
			<td>Millipore Sigma</td>
			<td>11284932001</td>
			<td>Bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>F4/80 PE/Cy7</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>123113</td>
			<td>Clone: BM8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fc Block</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>101301</td>
			<td>Clone: 93</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fixation/Permeabilization Solution Kit</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>554714</td>
			<td>For fixing and permeabilization of cells.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES buffer</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>15630080</td>
			<td>Buffer to supplement cell media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Liberase</td>
			<td>Millipore Sigma</td>
			<td>5401127001</td>
			<td>Blend of purified Collagenase I and Collagenase II</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LIVE/DEAD Fixable Blue Dead Cell Stain Kit</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>L23105</td>
			<td>Viability dye</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ly6c AF488</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>128015</td>
			<td>Clone: HK1.4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ly6g BV510</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>127633</td>
			<td>Clone: 1A8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MHCII BV786</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>742894</td>
			<td>Clone: M5/114.15.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate buffer saline</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>D8537</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>11875176</td>
			<td>Cell culture media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Siglec F BV605</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>740388</td>
			<td>Clone: E50-2440</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>V-bottom 96-well plate</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

high-dimensionality flow cytometry for immune function analysis of dissected implant tissues

The success of implanting laboratory-grown tissue or a medical device in an individual is subject to the immune response of the recipient host. Considering an implant as a foreign body, a hostile and dysregulated immune response may result in the rejection of the implant, while a regulated response and regaining of homeostasis can lead to its acceptance. Analyzing the microenvironments of implants dissected out under in vivo or ex vivo&#160;settings can help in understanding the pattern of immune response, which can ultimately help in developing new generations of biomaterials. Flow cytometry is a well-known technique for characterizing immune cells and their subsets based on their cell surface markers. This review describes a protocol based on manual dicing, enzymatic digestion, and filtration through a cell strainer for the isolation of uniform cell suspensions from dissected implant tissue. Further, a multicolor flow cytometry staining protocol has been explained, along with steps for initial cytometer settings to characterize and quantify these isolated cells by flow cytometry.

The process of development of flow cytometry panels for immune analysis often relies on the comparison of results to existing data and the literature in the field. Knowledge of how populations may present in flow cytometry is critical for proper interpretation of data. Regardless, populations and cell types can appear differently in different tissues, so some variability is to be expected. In the context of well-defined control tissues, such staining optimization can be evaluated against ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about High-Dimensionality Flow Cytometry for Immune Function Analysis of Dissected Implant Tissues at JoVE.com

High-Dimensionality Flow Cytometry for Immune Function Analysis of Dissected Implant Tissues

Isolation of cells from dissected implants and their characterization by flow cytometry can significantly contribute to understanding the pattern of immune response against implants. This paper describes a precise method for the isolation of cells from dissected implants and their staining for flow cytometric analysis.

The success of implanting laboratory-grown tissue or a medical device in an individual is subject to the immune response of the recipient host. ...

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