Chapitre 10
Expression génique
Expression génique spécifique à une cellule
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same ...
La régulation de l’expression survient à différentes étapes
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the ...
Séquences cis-régulatrices
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments ...
Liaison coopérative et facteurs trans-régulateurs
Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are ...
Activateurs et répresseurs de la transcription chez les procaryotes
The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes ...
Opérons
Prokaryotes can control gene expression through operons—DNA sequences consisting of regulatory elements and clustered, functionally related ...
Séquences promotrices eucaryotes
The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and ...
Co-activateurs et co-répresseurs
Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in ...
Activateurs transcriptionnels eucaryotes
Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ...
Inhibiteurs transcriptionnels eucaryotes
Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding ...
Régulation combinée de l'expression génique
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or ...
Pluripotence induite des cellules souches
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell ...
Facteurs de transcription maitres
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these ...
Régulation épigénétique
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like ...
Empreinte génomique et hérédité
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both ...
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