Chapter 11
Control of Gene Expression
Expression génique spécifique d'une cellule
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same ...
Différentes étapes de la régulation de l'expression
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the ...
Séquences cis-régulatrices
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments ...
Liaison coopérative et régulateurs de transcription
Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are ...
Activateurs et répresseurs de la transcription chez les procaryotes
The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes ...
La région promotrice chez les eucaryotes
The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and ...
Co-activateurs et co-répresseurs
Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in ...
Régulateurs principaux de transcription
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these ...
Transport régulé de l’ARNm
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the ...
Stabilité de l’ARNm et expression génique
The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the ...
MicroARN
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between ...
Petit ARN interférent - siARN
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional ...
ARNlnc - ARN long non-codant
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding ...
Régulation épigénétique
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. ...
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