Name: overcoming unresponsiveness in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) resistant mouse strains by adoptive transfer and antigenic challenge
Uploaded: 2012-04-09T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Overcoming Unresponsiveness in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis EAE Resistant Mouse Strains by Adoptive Transfer and Antigenic Challenge at JoVE.com

Supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01 NS37253 and N01 NS055167) and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (RG 3288-A6).

1. Preparing CFA-emulsified Antigen
<ol>
<li>Dissolve guinea pig MBP (prepared according to the method of Swanborg1 and stored in lyophilized form at 4 &deg;C) in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at a concentration of 2 mg/mL. If synthesized MBP peptides (MBP60-80, S H H A A R T T H Y G S L P Q K S Q R)2 are used, prepare a 2 mg/mL solution. Draw up an appropriate amount of antigen solution (0.1 mL per mouse to be immunized) into a glass syringe with luer-lok.</li>
 <li>Draw up a volume of complete...

<ol>
	<li>Swanborg, R. H., Sabato, G. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+allergic+encephalomyelitis.">Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.</a> Methods in Enzymology. 162, 413-421 (1988).</li><li>Shaw, M. K., Kim, C., Hao, H. W., Chen, F., Tse, H. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+myelin+basic+protein-specific+experimental+autoimmune+encephalomyelitis+in+C57BL/6+mice:+Mapping+of+T+cell+epitopes+and+T+cell+Vb+gene+segment+usage.">Induction of myelin basic protein-specific experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice: Mapping of T cell epitopes and T cell Vb gene segment usage.</a> J. Neuroscience Research. 45, 690-699 (1996).</li><li>McCarron, R., McFarlin, D. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adoptively+transferred+experimental+autoimmune+encephalomyelitis+in+SJL/J,+PL/J,+and+(SJL/J+x+PL/J)F1+mice.+Influence+of+I-A+haplotypes+on+encephalitogenic+epitope+of+myelin+basic+protein.">Adoptively transferred experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in SJL/J, PL/J, and (SJL/J x PL/J)F1 mice. Influence of I-A haplotypes on encephalitogenic epitope of myelin basic protein.</a> J. Immunol. 141, 1143-1149 (1988).</li><li>Shaw, M. K., Kim, C., Ho, K. -. L., Lisak, R. P., Tse, H. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+combination+of+adoptive+transfer+and+antigenic+challenge+induces+consistent+murine+experimental+autoimmune+encephalomyelitis+in+C57BL/6+mice+and+other+reputed+resistant+strains.">A combination of adoptive transfer and antigenic challenge induces consistent murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice and other reputed resistant strains.</a> J. Neuroimmunol. 39, 139-150 (1993).</li><li>Krishnamoorthy, G., Saxena, A., Mars, L. T., Domingues, H. S., Mentele, R., Ben-Nun, A., Lassmann, H., Dornmair, K., Kurschus, F. C., Liblau, R. S., Wekerle, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myelin-specific+T+cells+also+recognize+neuronal+autoantigen+in+a+transgenic+mouse+model+of+multiple+sclerosis.">Myelin-specific T cells also recognize neuronal autoantigen in a transgenic mouse model of multiple sclerosis.</a> Nat. Med. 15, 626-632 (2009).</li><li>Anderson, A. C., Reddy, J., Nazareno, R., Sobel, R. A., Nicholson, L. B., Kuchroo, V. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=IL-10+plays+an+important+role+in+the+homeostatic+regulation+of+the+autoreactive+reperteroire+in+na&#239;ve+mice.">IL-10 plays an important role in the homeostatic regulation of the autoreactive reperteroire in na&#239;ve mice.</a> J. Immunol. 173, 828-834 (2004).</li><li>Anderton, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treg+and+T-effector+cells+in+autoimmune+CNS+inflammation:+a+delicate+balance+easily+disturbed.">Treg and T-effector cells in autoimmune CNS inflammation: a delicate balance easily disturbed.</a> Eur. J. Immunol. 40, 332-334 (2010).</li><li>Arnon, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+allergic+encephalomyelitis+-+susceptibility+and+suppression.">Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis - susceptibility and suppression.</a> Immunol. Rev. 55, 5 (1981).</li><li>Billiau, A., Heremans, H., Vandekerckhove, F., Dijkmans, R., Sobis, H., Meulepas, E., Carton, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enhancement+of+experimental+allergic+encephalomyelitis+in+mice+by+antibodies+against+IFN-g.">Enhancement of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in mice by antibodies against IFN-g.</a> J. Immunol. 140, 1506-1510 (1988).</li><li>Arbomson-Leeman, S., Alexander, J., Bronson, R., Corroll, J., Southwood, S., Dorf, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+autoimmune+encephalomyelitis-resistant+mice+have+highly+encephalitogenic+myelin+basic+protein+(MBP)-specific+T+cell+clones+that+recognize+a+MBP+peptide+with+high+affinity+for+MHC+class+II.">Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-resistant mice have highly encephalitogenic myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T cell clones that recognize a MBP peptide with high affinity for MHC class II.</a> J. Immunol. 154, 388-398 (1995).</li><li>Reddy, J., Illes, Z., Zhang, X., Encinas, J., Nicholson, L., Sobel, R. A., Wucherpfennig, K. W., Kuchroo, V. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myelin+proteolipid+protein-specific+CD4+CD25++regulatory+cells+mediate+genetic+resistance+to+experimental+autoimmune+encephalomyelitis.">Myelin proteolipid protein-specific CD4+CD25+ regulatory cells mediate genetic resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101, 15434-15439 (2004).</li><li>Korn, T., Reddy, J., Gao, W., Bettelli, E., Awasthi, A., Petersen, T. R., Backstrom, B. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myelin-+specific+regulatory+T+cells+accumulate+in+the+CNS+but+fail+to+control+autoimmune+inflammation.">Myelin- specific regulatory T cells accumulate in the CNS but fail to control autoimmune inflammation.</a> Nature Med. 13, 423-431 (2007).</li><li>Shaw, M. K., Li, J., Ho, P. P., Hao, H., Lisak, R. P., Tse, H. Y., Broglie, P. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+myelin+basic+protein-specific+adoptive+experimental+autoimmune+encephalomyelitis+in+C57BL/6+mice.+Longevity+of+donor+T+cells+and+lack+of+disease+relapses.">Induction of myelin basic protein-specific adoptive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice. Longevity of donor T cells and lack of disease relapses.</a> Neuroimmunology Research Focus. , 175-191 (2007).</li></ol>

Studies of EAE in mice often utilize the neuroantigens, myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein (PLP) or myelin oligodendrocyte protein (MOG). Earlier studies mostly used MBP. PLP stimulates strong and consistent responses from SJL mice. More recently, MOG is the common neuroantigen used because B6 mice are susceptible to disease induction with this antigen. Many of the gene targeted mouse strains are on the B6 genetic background. Interestingly, B6 mice are susceptible to EAE induction with MOG but are resis...

<table border="1">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Name of the reagent</td>
 <td>Company</td>
 <td>Catalogue number</td>
 <td>Comments </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Guinea pig spinal cords</td>
 <td>Rockland Immuno-chemicals, Inc. 
 Gilbertsville, PA 19525 
 <a href="http://www.rockland-inc.com" target="_blank">www.rockland-inc.com</a></td>
 <td>GP-T065</td>
 <td> frozen</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Freund's Adjuvant, complete H37Ra </td>
 <td>Difco Laboratories 
 Detroit, MI</td>
 <td> 231131 </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Multifit interchange-able syringe </td>
 <td> B-D 
 <a href="http://www.bd.com/us" target="_blank">www.bd.com/us</a></td>
 <td>512133</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>RPMI 1640</td>
 <td>Mediatech Inc. 
 Manassas, VA 
 <a href="http://www.cellgro.com" target="_blank">www.cellgro.com</a></td>
 <td>10-040-CM</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>OVA</td>
 <td>Sigma-Aldrich 
 <a href="http://www.sigmaaldrich.com" target="_blank">www.sigmaaldrich.com</a></td>
 <td>A5503</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Mice</td>
 <td>Jackson Laboratory 
 Bar Harbor, Maine</td>
 <td>B6 mice: 0000664</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
</tbody>
 </table>

overcoming unresponsiveness in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) resistant mouse strains by adoptive transfer and antigenic challenge

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and has been used as an animal model for study of the human demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis (MS). EAE is characterized by pathologic infiltration of mononuclear cells into the CNS and by clinical manifestation of paralytic disease. Similar to MS, EAE is also under genetic control in that certain mouse strains are susceptible to disease induction while others are resistant. Typically, C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice immunized with myelin basic protein (MBP) fail to develop paralytic signs. This unresponsiveness is certainly not due to defects in antigen processing or antigen presentation of MBP, as an experimental protocol described here had been used to induce severe EAE in C57BL/6 mice as well as other reputed resistant mouse strains. In addition, encephalitogenic T cell clones from C57BL/6 and Balb/c mice reactive to MBP had been successfully isolated and propagated.
The experimental protocol involves using a cellular adoptive transfer system in which MBP-primed (200 &mu;g/mouse) C57BL/6 donor lymph node cells are isolated and cultured for five days with the antigen to expand the pool of MBP-specific T cells. At the end of the culture period, 50 million viable cells are transferred into naive syngeneic recipients through the tail vein. Recipient mice so treated normally do not develop EAE, thus reaffirming their resistant status, and they can remain normal indefinitely. Ten days post cell transfer, recipient mice are challenged with complete Freund adjuvant (CFA)-emulsified MBP in four sites in the flanks. Severe EAE starts to develop in these mice ten to fourteen days after challenge. Results showed that the induction of disease was antigenic specific as challenge with irrelevant antigens did not induce clinical signs of disease. Significantly, a titration of the antigen dose used to challenge the recipient mice showed that it could be as low as 5 &mu;g/mouse. In addition, a kinetic study of the timing of antigenic challenge showed that challenge to induce disease was effective as early as 5 days post antigenic challenge and as long as over 445 days post antigenic challenge. These data strongly point toward the involvement of a "long-lived" T cell population in maintaining unresponsiveness. The involvement of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in this system is not defined.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Overcoming Unresponsiveness in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis EAE Resistant Mouse Strains by Adoptive Transfer and Antigenic Challenge at JoVE.com

Overcoming Unresponsiveness in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis EAE Resistant Mouse Strains by Adoptive Transfer and Antigenic Challenge

Certain mouse strains are able to resist induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) with myelin basic protein. Described here is a simple immunization protocol that reverses the unresponsiveness and induces paralytic disease in several typical EAE resistant mouse stains.

Overcoming Unresponsiveness in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) Resistant Mouse Strains by Adoptive Transfer and Antigenic Challenge

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and has been used as an animal model for ...

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