Ce travail a été soutenu par American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Scholars Research Award et la maladie de Crohn et la colite Foundation of America (CCFA) Award développement de carrière (à SPR), NIH NIDDK F30 DK089692 (ECS), et l&#39;Université de Centre de la Caroline du Nord pour la biologie gastro- et les maladies Grant P30 DK34987 (histologie). Le Fonds pour l&#39;UNC cytométrie en flux de base est financé en partie par une subvention de soutien de base NCI Center (P30CA016086) à l&#39;UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. Nous remercions Luc B. Borst de North Carolina State University College de médecine vétérinaire pour son aide à l&#39;analyse histopathologique et immunohistochimie.

REMARQUE: Assurez-vous que tous les protocoles d&#39;animaux sont approuvés par et en conformité avec institutionnel de protection des animaux et l&#39;utilisation du Comité (IACUC) règlements et le Guide du Conseil national de recherches pour le soin et l&#39;utilisation des animaux de laboratoire. Les souris donneuses peuvent être soit mâle ou femelle, mais les souris receveuses doivent être de sexe masculin. Si les bénéficiaires de sexe féminin doivent être utilisés, les souris les donateurs doivent être des femmes 5. Maintenir colonies utilisant régulière, literie non stérile et l&#39;eau non acidifié, car ils peuvent affecter la microflore intestinale, et, par conséquent, le phénotype de la colite de la souris 5,6. 1. Préparation expérimentale <ol><li> Utiliser les médias et les tampons glacées. Gardez cellules sur la glace pendant toute l&#39;expérience. </li><li> Réaliser l&#39;expérience dans le capot de risque biologique stérile en utilisant une technique stérile. </li></ol> 2. Isolement des cellules T spléniques <ol><li> Euthanasier souris donneuse / souris de CO 2 chambre suivies par dislocatio col de l&#39;utérusn. Pulvériser abdomen avec 70% d&#39;éthanol. </li><li> Faire une incision horizontale dans l&#39;abdomen et décoller la peau pour exposer péritoine. Tenez péritoine loin des organes internes avec la pince et faire une incision dans le péritoine abdominal gauche pour exposer et exciser la rate. </li><li> Placez la rate dans 10 ml de médias complète dans une boîte de Petri. Retirez et jetez l&#39;excès de tissu de la rate. </li><li> Utilisez deux lames de verre stérilisés pour écraser et de démêler la rate en suspension à cellule unique. suspension de cellules de filtre à travers un tamis de 70 um dans un tube conique de 50 ml et rincer filtre avec 5 ml de milieu complet. Placez jusqu&#39;à 5 rates dans un tube conique de 50 ml. </li><li> Centrifuger les cellules à 450 g pendant 7 min. Rejeter le surnageant en versant à pied ou par aspiration sous vide dans un conteneur à déchets. </li><li> Resuspendre doucement les cellules dans 5 ml par rate de tampon de lyse pour lyser les globules rouges pendant 10 minutes à température ambiante. Ajouter un volume égal de milieu complet (5 ml par rate) au tube. </li><li&gt; centrifuger les cellules à 450 g pendant 7 min. Rejeter le surnageant en versant à pied ou par aspiration sous vide dans un conteneur à déchets. </li><li> Resuspendre doucement les cellules dans 10 ml de Labeling Buffer. </li><li> Compter les cellules par exclusion au bleu trypan. <ol><li> Retirer 20 ul de suspension cellulaire et ajouter 180 ul bleu trypan à un tube de centrifugeuse et bien mélanger. Après 5 min, ajouter 10 ul cellules hémocytomètre et compter les cellules non-bleu sous le microscope étiquetés. Déterminer le nombre total de cellules viables. Jeter cellules / trypan bleu mix. </li></ol></li><li> Centrifuger les cellules dans 10 ml de Labeling Buffer à 450 g pendant 7 min. Rejeter le surnageant en versant à pied ou par aspiration sous vide dans un conteneur à déchets. </li></ol> 3. Enrichissement de cellules T CD4 + REMARQUE: Suivez les instructions du fabricant pour des produits spécifiques utilisés dans cette section. <ol><li> Resuspendre doucement les cellules à une suspension à cellule unique de 20 x 10 6 cellules / ml dans du froid ÉtiquetteBuffer ing. </li><li> Ajouter 5 ul par 1 x 10 6 cellules d&#39;anticorps d&#39;enrichissement de cellules T CD4 biotinylé. Incuber les cellules sur de la glace pendant 15 min. </li><li> Ajouter 10x volume de Labeling Buffer. Centrifuger les cellules à 450 g pendant 7 min. Aspirer soigneusement tout le surnageant par aspiration sous vide dans un conteneur à déchets. </li><li> Bien agiter au vortex particules magnétiques de streptavidine conjugué. Ajouter 5 ul de particules par 1 x 10 6 cellules. </li><li> Mélanger soigneusement mais doucement. Gardez mélange à 6-12 ° C pendant 30 min. </li><li> Ajouter étiquetage tampon à une concentration de 20 à 80 x 10 6 cellules / ml. Transfert jusqu&#39;à 1,0 ml des cellules marquées par 12 x 75 mm tube à essai à fond rond (dénommé &quot;tube-positif fraction»). </li><li> Placez chaque tube positif fraction sur l&#39;aimant pour les 6-8 min. </li><li> Avec les tubes positif fraction encore sur l&#39;aimant, transférer soigneusement surnageant à partir du tube positif fraction avec pipette Pasteur en verre à une nouvelle stériles 50 ml tube conique (referred pour que la &quot;fraction enrichie»). Cette fraction enrichie contient des cellules T CD4 +. Veillez à ne pas perturber les cellules marquées attirés par l&#39;aimant. </li><li> Resuspendre les cellules laissées dans les tubes positif fraction dans le même volume de Labeling Buffer comme dans l&#39;étape 3.6 par aspiration et vigoureusement vers le bas. Placez le tube positif fraction de retour sur aimant pour les 6-8 min. </li><li> Avec tubes positif fraction encore sur l&#39;aimant, transférer soigneusement surnageant (fraction enrichie, CD4 +) du tube positif fraction de verre Pasteur pipette pour stérile de 50 ml tube conique de l&#39;étape 3.8 sans perturber les cellules attachées à l&#39;aimant. </li><li> Répéter les étapes 3.9 à 3.10 pour augmenter le rendement en cellules T CD4 + obtenues. Continuer protocole utilisant fraction enrichie (CD4 + cellules). </li></ol> 4. L&#39;étiquetage et le tri des cellules 7 <ol><li> Centrifugeuse enrichi cellules à 450 g pendant 7 min. Rejeter le surnageant en versant hors tension ou sous vide SUCTions dans un conteneur à déchets. </li><li> Resuspendre les cellules dans 1 ml de Labeling Buffer. Retirer aliquote de cellules pour compter et pour évaluer la viabilité des cellules par exclusion au bleu trypan comme à l&#39;étape 2.9. </li><li> Ajouter un volume de Labeling Buffer à 10 x 10 6 cellules / ml; si les cellules sont déjà &lt;10 x 10 6, centrifuger à 450 g pendant 7 min, éliminer le surnageant en versant off ou d&#39;aspiration sous vide dans un conteneur à déchets, et d&#39;ajouter volume de Labeling Buffer à 10 x 10 6 cellules / ml. <ol><li> Mettre en place des portions séparées d&#39;environ 5 à 10 x 10 5 cellules chacune des cellules de contrôle non colorées, isotype teinté et simples teinté dans des microtubes. </li></ol></li><li> Ajouter 5 ug / ml de CD4-FITC et 1 ug / ml de CD45RB-PE aux cellules. Ajouter taches de contrôle isotypique et les taches simples à la même concentration se approprier aliquotes dans des microtubes. Mélangez bien mais doucement et incuber sur de la glace abri de la lumière pendant 30 min. </li><li> Ajouter 10x volume de Labeling Buffer aux cellules et le contrôles. Centrifugeuse 450 xg pendant 7 min. Rejeter le surnageant par aspiration sous vide dans un conteneur à déchets. </li><li> Remettre en suspension dans Labeling Buffer au volume à l&#39;étape 4.5. Centrifugeuse 450 xg pendant 7 min. Rejeter le surnageant par aspiration sous vide dans un conteneur à déchets. </li><li> Remettre en suspension dans Labeling Buffer à 10 x 10 6 cellules / ml. Passez cellules à 70 um passoire dans FACS tube. Garder sur la glace abri de la lumière jusqu&#39;au moment de FACS. </li><li> Mettre en place et déterminer la rémunération appropriée sur le trieur de cellules avec des cellules non colorées et des contrôles simples teinté. </li><li> Exclure les cellules non viables avec déclenchement prospectifs et dispersion latérale (figure 1A). Mettre en place gating pour CD4 + et + CD45RB cellules avec contrôles isotypiques teinté. Cellules porte sur la population CD4 +. </li><li> Trier cellules CD4 + dans CD45RB élevé et CD45RB faibles populations en utilisant un histogramme simple pour les cellules de PE teinté dans des tubes avec 2 ml de milieu complet. Le CD45RB haute </sup&gt; population représente le plus haut de 40% des CD4 + CD45RB + cellules (CD45RB haute), et de la faible densité de population est la plus faible CD45RB 20% des cellules CD4 + CD45RB + (CD45RB bas, figure 1B). </li></ol><img alt="Figure 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/52533/52533fig1.jpg" /> Figure 1: flux Représentant cytométrie parcelles de populations de cellules CD4 + CD45RB T lors de l&#39;analyse FACS (A - C) FITC CD4 et PE CD45RB-taché splénocytes de donneurs C57BL / 6 ont été triées par FACS en CD4 + CD45RB élevé et CD4 +. populations de cellules T CD45RB bas. Événements (A) Doublet ont été exclus sur le nuage de points avant. (B) Les lymphocytes ont été bloqués dans le complot de l&#39;avant et la diffusion latérale. (C) CD4 + </sup&gt; cellules T ont été bloqués, et les cellules (D) CD4 + CD45RB + T ont été reportées sur un PE par rapport Events histogramme. Cellules CD4 + CD45RB faibles ont été considérés comme la plus faible de 20% des cellules CD45RB +. Cellules CD4 + CD45RB élevés ont été définis comme la plus haute de 40% des cellules CD45RB +. <ol start="11"><li> Exécuter une aliquote de chaque population de cellules sur la machine FACS pour évaluer la pureté des populations. </li><li> Centrifugeuse triée cellules à 450 g pendant 7 min. Remettre en suspension dans 1 ml de PBS. Retirer aliquote de cellules pour compter et pour évaluer la viabilité des cellules par exclusion au bleu trypan comme à l&#39;étape 2.9. </li></ol> 5. injection de cellules dans des receveurs <ol><li> Remettre en suspension les cellules triées à 4 x 10 6 cellules / ml (CD45RB haut) ou 2 x 10 6 cellules / ml (CD45RB bas) dans du PBS. </li><li> Transférer 100 ul de cellules de haute CD45RB par bénéficiaire dans un nouveau tube stérile. Ajouter 100 ul de PBS pardestinataire de ce tube. Ainsi, le volume total d&#39;injection par animal est de 200 pi, et le montant total de cellules par bénéficiaire est de 4 cellules T naïves élevés x 10 5 CD4 + CD45RB. </li><li> Si groupe expérimental recevant cellules régulatrices T est souhaitée, transférer 100 pi de cellules élevées CD45RB par bénéficiaire dans un nouveau tube stérile. Ajouter 100 pi de cellules par CD45RB faible destinataire dans le même tube. Volume d&#39;injection total par animal est de 200 pi; rapport de CD45RB haute: CD45RB cellules faibles est de 2: 1. </li><li> Injecter 100 ul de CD45RB élevé ou CD45RB high / low CD45RB cellules CD4 + par voie intrapéritonéale dans le droit et le côté gauche de l&#39;abdomen (total de 200 pi) de chaque destinataire. </li></ol> 6. Suivi de progression de la maladie chez les animaux receveurs <ol><li> Pour évaluer l&#39;état clinique des animaux receveurs, attribuer des notes cliniques globales pour la paramete suivanters 8 le jour de l&#39;injection, toutes les semaines par la suite, et au moment du sacrifice: <ol><li> Déterminer perdre en mesurant la perte de poids: 0 - aucune perte de poids; Perte de poids corporel initial de 0,1 à 10% de - 1; 2 - La perte de plus de 10% du poids corporel initial (figure 2A). </li></ol></li></ol><img alt="Figure 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/52533/52533fig2highres.jpg" width="650" /> Figure 2: signes pathologiques cliniques et bruts de l&#39;inflammation se produisent après le transfert de cellules de haute T CD4 + CD45RB de type sauvage dans Rag1 - / - et NRDKO souris receveuses 11 (A) bénéficiaires NRDKO perdu en moyenne 10% de leur poids corporel initial de 5. semaines après le transfert, alors que Rag1- / - Les destinataires ne ont pas présenté de signes cliniques de la maladie à ce moment. Chaque point représente le pourcentage moyen de poids corporel initial pour la cohorte ± SEM. **, P &lt;0,005. (B) Certaines souris ont développé une inflammation intestinale sévère, comme en témoigne la présence d&#39;un prolapsus rectal. Ce est une image représentative de prolapsus rectal chez un receveur souris NRDKO. (C) Grossièrement, deux points à la fois Rag1 - / - et les souris receveuses NRDKO sont épaissies et raccourci par rapport à deux points de Rag1 - / - et souris sans NRDKO cellules T transfert adoptif. Colons de souris receveuses NRDKO montrent une inflammation sévère et le poids du côlon augmentation (données non présentées). <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/52533/52533fig2highres.jpg" target="_blank">Se il vous plaît cliquer ici pour voir une version plus grande de cette figure.</a> <ol><li><ol start="2"><li> Déterminer la qualité des selles en plaçant l&#39;animal dans un récipient propre jusqu&#39;à ce qu&#39;il ait passéselles: 0 - aucun; 1 - selles molles; 2 - selles liquides et / ou sanglante. </li><li> Déterminer la santé générale de l&#39;animal par la présence des signes de maladie suivants: 0 - pas une posture voûtée, poils de fourrure, la peau ou des lésions; 1 - l&#39;un quelconque des présents suivante: posture voûtée, fourrure à poils, ou des lésions de la peau. </li><li> Déterminer la présence d&#39;un prolapsus rectal: 0 - absent; 1 - présente (figure 2B). </li></ol></li><li> Sacrifier des animaux par inhalation de CO 2 suivie par dislocation cervicale quand ils ont perdu 20% de leur poids corporel de départ ou au point de temps désiré, selon la première éventualité. Maladie clinique est habituellement apparente à partir de 5 semaines post-réplétion. </li><li> Évaluer la gravité de la maladie, comme décrit précédemment 5,7. <ol><li> Attribuer des notes cliniques que dans l&#39;étape 6.1 8. </li><li> Mesurer la longueur du côlon et du poids (figure 2C). </li><li> Effectuer l&#39;analyse histologique de l&#39;inflammation5. </li><li> Déterminer l&#39;expression de cytokine spontanée dans les cultures d&#39;explants intestinaux de tissu 9, 10 nœuds lymphatiques mésentériques, et / ou le sérum 11. <ol><li> En bref, pour les cultures d&#39;explants neuf, retirer deux points après le sacrifice, ouverte longitudinalement, et propre avec du PBS. Incuber deux points sur un agitateur orbital réglé à 250 rpm dans un milieu complet pendant 30 min à température ambiante. </li><li> Hacher le tissu en petits morceaux et incubées à 37 ° C dans un milieu complet pendant 24 heures. Recueillir le surnageant et utiliser pour la quantification de cytokines par 100 mg de tissu par ELISA. </li></ol></li><li> Effectuer la caractérisation ex vivo des phénotypes et / ou de la fonction 10 cellules T. </li></ol></li></ol>

<ol>
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J Immunol. 175 (8), 5412-5422 (2005).</li><li>Wang, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=IFN-gamma-induced+TNFR2+expression+is+required+for+TNF-dependent+intestinal+epithelial+barrier+dysfunction.">IFN-gamma-induced TNFR2 expression is required for TNF-dependent intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction.</a> Gastroenterology. 131 (4), 1153-1163 (2006).</li></ol>

The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

Nous décrivons ici un protocole étape par étape induisant une inflammation du côlon chez la souris par transfert adoptif de cellules T CD4 + CD45RB + T dans des souris immunodéficientes. Nous avons utilisé des rates C57BL / 6 donateurs et Rag1 syngénique - / - souris receveuses, bien que d&#39;autres souches (par exemple, BALB / c, 129S6 / SvEv, diabétiques non obèses (NOD)) modèles et génétiques de l&#39;immunodéficience (par exemple, SCID, Ra...

The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) Crohn&#8217;s disease and ulcerative colitis result from an incompletely defined and complex interaction between host immune responses, genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and the enteric luminal contents1. Recent genome-wide association studies report associations between immune cell regulatory genes and IBD susceptibility2,3. Both innate and adaptive immune cell intrinsic genes are represented in these studies, indicating a central role for these cell populations in IBD pathogenesis.
There currently exist more than 50 animal models of human IBD. While no one model perfectly phenocopies human IBD, many are useful for studying various aspects of human disease, including disease onset and progression and the wound-healing response. In the method described here, intestinal inflammation is initiated with syngeneic splenic CD4+CD45RBhigh T cell adoptive transfer into T and B cell deficient recipient mice4. The CD4+CD45RBhigh T cell population contains mainly na&#239;ve T cells primed for activation that are capable of inducing chronic small bowel and colonic inflammation. This method allows the researcher to modify key experimental variables, including both innate and adaptive immune cell populations, to answer biologically relevant questions relating to disease pathogenesis. Additionally, this method provides precise initiation of disease onset and a well-characterized experimental time course. This permits the kinetic study of clinical features of disease progression in mice. Intestinal inflammation induced by this method shares many features with human IBD, including chronic large and small bowel transmural inflammation, pathogenesis driven by cytokines such as TNF and IL-12, and systemic symptoms such as wasting5. Thus, it is an ideal model system for studying the pathogenesis of human IBD.
The method here describes in detail the protocol for inducing experimental colitis by adoptive transfer of CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells into Rag1-/- mice. We discuss key technical steps, expected results, optimization, and trouble-shooting. We address the required elements for the successful development of this murine model of intestinal inflammation for research purposes.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" >
	<tbody>
		<tr >
			<td >Name of Reagent/ Equipment</td>
			<td >Company</td>
			<td >Catalog Number</td>
			<td >Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >10x PBS</td>
			<td >Gibco</td>
			<td >14200075</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >12x75mm round-bottom tube</td>
			<td >Falcon</td>
			<td >352052</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >15 ml conical</td>
			<td >Corning</td>
			<td >430790</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >26g x 3/8 Needle</td>
			<td >BD Biosciences</td>
			<td >305110</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >50 ml conical</td>
			<td >Corning</td>
			<td >430828</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >70 um Cell Strainer</td>
			<td >Fisherbrand</td>
			<td >22363548</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >BD IMagnet</td>
			<td >BD Biosciences</td>
			<td >552311</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >&#946;-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td >Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td >35602</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >CD4-FITC IgG2b</td>
			<td >eBioscience</td>
			<td >11-0041</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >CD45RB-PE IgG2a</td>
			<td >BD Pharminogen</td>
			<td >553101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Complete Media</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td ></td>
			<td >RPMI-1640, 1% Pen/Strep, 10% FBS, 0.0004% &#946;-ME</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >FACS tube + strainer</td>
			<td >BD Falcon</td>
			<td >352235</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Glass Microscope Slides</td>
			<td >Fisherbrand</td>
			<td >12550A3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Heat-inactivated FBS</td>
			<td >Gemini</td>
			<td >100-106</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Labeling Buffer</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td ></td>
			<td >1x PBS, 0.5% BSA, 2 mM EDTA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Lysis Buffer</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td ></td>
			<td >0.08% NH4Cl, 0.1% KHCO3, 1 mM EDTA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >MoFlo XDP</td>
			<td >Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Mouse CD4 T lymphocyte Enrichment Set - DM</td>
			<td >BD Biosciences</td>
			<td >558131</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Mouse IgG2a-PE</td>
			<td >BD Pharminogen</td>
			<td >553457</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Mouse IgG2b-FITC</td>
			<td >eBioscience</td>
			<td >11-4732</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Pasteur pipet</td>
			<td >Fisherbrand</td>
			<td >13-678-20D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Penicillin-Streptomycin Solution, 100X</td>
			<td >Corning Cellgro</td>
			<td >30-002-CI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Petri Dish</td>
			<td >Fisherbrand</td>
			<td >875713</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Pure Ethanol 200 Proof</td>
			<td >Decon Labs</td>
			<td >2705-HC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >RPMI-1640</td>
			<td >Gibco</td>
			<td >11-875-093</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Syringe</td>
			<td >BD Biosciences</td>
			<td >309597</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Trypan blue</td>
			<td >Corning Cellgro</td>
			<td >25-900-CI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Wash Media</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td ></td>
			<td >RPMI-1640, 1% Pen/Strep, 0.0004% &#946;-ME</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

induction of murine intestinal inflammation by adoptive transfer of effector cd4+cd45rbhigh t cells into immunodeficient mice

Il ya beaucoup de différents modèles animaux disponibles pour étudier la pathogenèse des maladies humaines inflammatoires de l&#39;intestin (MICI), chacun avec ses propres avantages et inconvénients. Nous décrivons ici un modèle de colite expérimentale qui est initié par transfert adoptif de cellules de haute T CD4 + spléniques syngéniques CD45RB dans les souris receveuses déficientes cellules T et B. La haute T population de cellules CD4 + CD45RB qui se compose essentiellement de cellules effectrices naïfs est capable d&#39;induire une inflammation intestinale chronique, ressemblant étroitement à des aspects clés de l&#39;IBD humaine. Cette méthode peut être manipulé pour étudier les aspects apparition et la progression de la maladie. En outre, il peut être utilisé pour étudier la fonction de innée et adaptative, et les populations immunitaires de régulation cellulaire, et le rôle des expositions environnementales, ce est à dire, le microbiote, dans l&#39;inflammation intestinale. Dans cet article, nous illustrons la méthode pour induire une colite avec un protocole étape par étape. Ce incLudes une vidéo de démonstration des aspects techniques clés nécessaires pour développer avec succès ce modèle murin de colite expérimentale à des fins de recherche.

Environ 10 x 10 6 cellules CD4 + CD45RB de 10 rates de souris donneuses adultes C57BL / 6 de haute T sont fiable isolé. Ce nombre varie en fonction de l&#39;âge et de la souche de la souris entre les donateurs et les compétences du chercheur. Lorsque 4 x 10 5 C57BL / 6 cellules CD4 + CD45RB haute T sont transférés dans C57BL / 6 Rag1 - / - souris receveuses, des signes cliniques de la maladie apparaissent autour de la semaine 5 po...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+CD45RBhigh T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice at JoVE.com

Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+CD45RBhigh T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice

Here, we present a protocol to induce colonic inflammation in mice by adoptive transfer of syngeneic CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells into T and B cell deficient recipients. Clinical and histopathological features mimic human inflammatory bowel diseases. This method allows the study of the initiation of colonic inflammation and progression of disease.

Induction de murin inflammation intestinale par transfert adoptif de effecteur CD4<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; CD45RB<sup&gt; Haute</sup&gt; T cellules dans des souris immunodéficientes

There are many different animal models available for studying the pathogenesis of human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), each with its own advantages ...

induction-murine-intestinal-inflammation-adoptive-transfer-effector

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+CD45RBhigh T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice

16.2K vues.  University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Here, we present a protocol to induce colonic inflammation in mice by adoptive transfer of syngeneic CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells into T and B cell deficient recipients. Clinical and histopathological features mimic human inflammatory bowel diseases. This method allows the study of the initiation of colonic inflammation and progression of disease.

Vidéo: Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+CD45RBhigh T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice

Experimental Metastasis and CTL Adoptive Transfer Immunotherapy Mouse Model

Experimental metastasis mouse model is a simple and yet physiologically relevant metastasis model. The tumor cells are injected intravenously (i.v) into mouse tail veins and colonize in the lungs, thereby, resembling the last steps of tumor cell spontaneous metastasis: survival in the circulation, extravasation and colonization in the distal organs. From a therapeutic point of view, the experimental metastasis model is the simplest and ideal model since the target of therapies is often the end point of metastasis: established metastatic tumor in the distal organ. In this model, tumor cells are injected i.v into mouse tail veins and allowed to colonize and grow in the lungs. Tumor-specific CTLs are then injected i.v into the metastases-bearing mouse. The number and size of the lung metastases can be controlled by the number of tumor cells to be injected and the time of tumor growth. Therefore, various stages of metastasis, from minimal metastasis to extensive metastasis, can be modeled. Lung metastases are analyzed by inflation with ink, thus allowing easier visual observation and quantification.

An experimental lung metastasis and CTL immunotherapy mouse model for analysis of tumor cells-T cell interaction in vivo.

Métastases expérimentales et CTL Modèle adoptifs souris Transfert immunothérapie

Experimental metastasis mouse model is a simple and yet physiologically relevant metastasis model. The tumor cells are injected intravenously (i.v) into ...

Recherche

Immunologie et infection

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells Within Murine Aortas

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process of medium and large size vessels that is characterized by the formation of plaques consisting of foam cells, immune cells, vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, platelets, extracellular matrix, and a lipid-rich core with extensive necrosis and fibrosis of surrounding tissues.1 The innate and adaptive arms of the immune response are involved in the initiation, development and persistence of atherosclerosis.2, 3 There is a significant body of evidence that different subsets of the immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes, are present within the aortas of healthy and atherosclerosis-prone mice4. Additionally, immune cells are found in the surrounding aortic adventitia which suggests an important role of this tissue in atherogenesis.2
For some time, the quantitative detection of different types of immune cells, their activation status, and the cellular composition within the aortic wall was limited by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical methods for the study of atherosclerosis. Few attempts were made to perform flow cytometry using human aortas, and a number of problems, such as a high autofluorescence, have been reported5,6. Human atherosclerotic plaques were digested with collagenase 1, and free cells were collected and stained for CD14+/CD11c+ to highlight macrophage-derived foam cells. In this study, a "mock" channel was used to avoid false-positive staining.6 Necrotic materials accumulating during the digestion process give rise in a large amount of debris that generates a high autofluorescence in aortic samples. To resolve this problem, a panel of negative and positive controls has been proposed, but only double staining could be applied in these samples. We have developed a new flow cytometry-based method7 to analyze the immune cell composition and characterize the activation, proliferation, differentiation of immune cells in healthy and atherosclerosis-prone aorta. This method allows the investigation of the immune cell composition of the aortic wall and opens possibilities to use a broad spectrum of immunological methods for investigations of immune aspects of this disease.

This paper presents a flow cytometry-based method to investigate the immune composition of aortas. The paper also illustrates an additional technique that allows examining surrounding adventitia and vessel wall separately. This method opens possibilities to perform phenotypical analyses of aortic leukocytes and apply several immunological assays for atherosclerosis studies.

Débit analyse par cytométrie de cellules immunitaires dans aortes murin

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process of medium and large size vessels that is characterized by the formation of plaques consisting of foam ...

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells

The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse spontaneously develops autoimmune diabetes after 12 weeks of age and is the most extensively studied animal model of human Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Cell transfer studies in irradiated recipient mice have established that T cells are pivotal in T1D pathogenesis in this model. We describe herein a simple method to rapidly induce T1D by adoptive transfer of purified, primary CD4+ T cells from pre-diabetic NOD mice transgenic for the islet-specific T cell receptor (TCR) BDC2.5 into NOD.SCID recipient mice. The major advantages of this technique are that isolation and adoptive transfer of diabetogenic T cells can be completed within the same day, irradiation of the recipients is not required, and a high incidence of T1D is elicited within 2 weeks after T cell transfer. Thus, studies of pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions in T1D can proceed at a faster rate than with methods that rely on heterogenous T cell populations or clones derived from diabetic NOD mice.

We provide a reproducible method to induce type 1 diabetes (T1D) in mice within two weeks by the adoptive transfer of islet antigen-specific, primary CD4+ T cells.

Accélération de diabète de type 1 chez la souris par induction transfert adoptif de lymphocytes CD4 + T Cells diabétogéniques

The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse spontaneously develops autoimmune diabetes after 12 weeks of age and is the most extensively studied animal model of ...

Assessing the Development of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Peyer's Patches Using Adoptive Transfer of Hematopoietic Progenitors

This protocol details a method to analyze the ability of purified hematopoietic progenitors to generate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in intestinal Peyer&#39;s patch (PP). Common dendritic cell progenitors (CDPs, lin- c-kitlo CD115+ Flt3+) were purified from the bone marrow of C57BL6 mice by FACS and transferred to recipient mice that lack a significant pDC population in PP; in this case, Ifnar-/- mice were used as the transfer recipients. In some mice, overexpression of the dendritic cell growth factor Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) was enforced prior to adoptive transfer of CDPs, using hydrodynamic gene transfer (HGT) of Flt3L-encoding plasmid. Flt3L overexpression expands DC populations originating from transferred (or endogenous) hematopoietic progenitors. At 7-10 days after progenitor transfer, pDCs that arise from the adoptively transferred progenitors were distinguished from recipient cells on the basis of CD45 marker expression, with pDCs from transferred CDPs being CD45.1+ and recipients being CD45.2+. The ability of transferred CDPs to contribute to the pDC population in PP and to respond to Flt3L was evaluated by flow cytometry of PP single cell suspensions from recipient mice. This method may be used to test whether other progenitor populations are capable of generating PP pDCs. In addition, this approach could be used to examine the role of factors that are predicted to affect pDC development in PP, by transferring progenitor subsets with an appropriate knockdown, knockout or overexpression of the putative developmental factor and/or by manipulating circulating cytokines via HGT. This method may also allow analysis of how PP pDCs affect the frequency or function of other immune subsets in PPs. A unique feature of this method is the use of Ifnar-/- mice, which show severely depleted PP pDCs relative to wild type animals, thus allowing reconstitution of PP pDCs in the absence of confounding effects from lethal irradiation.

Assessing the Development of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Peyer&#039;s Patches Using Adoptive Transfer of Hematopoietic Progenitors

This protocol describes experimental procedures to assess the differentiation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in Peyer&#8217;s patch from common dendritic cell progenitors, using techniques involving FACS-mediated cell isolation, hydrodynamic gene transfer, and flow analysis of immune subsets in Peyer&#8217;s patch.

Évaluer le développement de cellules murines dendritiques plasmacytoïdes dans les plaques de Peyer Utiliser le transfert adoptif de progéniteurs hématopoïétiques

This protocol details a method to analyze the ability of purified hematopoietic progenitors to generate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in intestinal ...

Generation of CAR T Cells for Adoptive Therapy in the Context of Glioblastoma Standard of Care

Adoptive T cell immunotherapy offers a promising strategy for specifically targeting and eliminating malignant gliomas. T cells can be engineered ex vivo to express chimeric antigen receptors specific for glioma antigens (CAR T cells). The expansion and function of adoptively transferred CAR T cells can be potentiated by the lymphodepletive and tumoricidal effects of standard of care chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We describe a method for generating CAR T cells targeting EGFRvIII, a glioma-specific antigen, and evaluating their efficacy when combined with a murine model of glioblastoma standard of care. T cells are engineered by transduction with a retroviral vector containing the anti-EGFRvIII CAR gene. Tumor-bearing animals are subjected to host conditioning by a course of temozolomide and whole brain irradiation at dose regimens designed to model clinical standard of care. CAR T cells are then delivered intravenously to primed hosts. This method can be used to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of CAR T cells in the context of standard of care.

The lymphodepletive and immunomodulatory effects of chemotherapy and radiation standard of care can be leveraged to enhance the antitumor efficacy of T cell immunotherapy. We outline a method for generating EGFRvIII-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and administering them in the context of glioblastoma standard of care.

Génération de la RCA cellules T pour la thérapie adoptive dans le contexte de glioblastome norme de diligence

Adoptive T cell immunotherapy offers a promising strategy for specifically targeting and eliminating malignant gliomas. T cells can be engineered ex vivo ...

Analysis of Yersinia enterocolitica Effector Translocation into Host Cells Using Beta-lactamase Effector Fusions

Many gram-negative bacteria including pathogenic Yersinia spp. employ type III secretion systems to translocate effector proteins into eukaryotic target cells. Inside the host cell the effector proteins manipulate cellular functions to the benefit of the bacteria. To better understand the control of type III secretion during host cell interaction, sensitive and accurate assays to measure translocation are required. We here describe the application of an assay based on the fusion of a Yersinia enterocolitica effector protein fragment (Yersinia outer protein; YopE) with TEM-1 beta-lactamase for quantitative analysis of translocation. The assay relies on cleavage of a cell permeant FRET dye (CCF4/AM) by translocated beta-lactamase fusion. After cleavage of the cephalosporin core of CCF4 by the beta-lactamase, FRET from coumarin to fluorescein is disrupted and excitation of the coumarin moiety leads to blue fluorescence emission. Different applications of this method have been described in the literature highlighting its versatility. The method allows for analysis of translocation in vitro and also in in vivo, e.g., in a mouse model. Detection of the fluorescence signals can be performed using plate readers, FACS analysis or fluorescence microscopy. In the setup described here, in vitro translocation of effector fusions into HeLa cells by different Yersinia mutants is monitored by laser scanning microscopy. Recording intracellular conversion of the FRET reporter by the beta-lactamase effector fusion in real-time provides robust quantitative results. We here show exemplary data, demonstrating increased translocation by a Y. enterocolitica YopE mutant compared to the wild type strain.

Analysis of Yersinia enterocolitica Effector Translocation into Host Cells Using Beta-lactamase Effector Fusions

Effector translocation into host cells via a type III secretion system is a common virulence strategy among gram-negative bacteria. A beta-lactamase effector fusion based assay for quantitative analysis of translocation was applied. In Yersinia infected cells, conversion of a FRET reporter by the beta-lactamase is monitored using laser scanning microscopy.

Analyse de<em&gt; Yersinia enterocolitica</em&gt; Effecteur translocation dans les cellules hôtes à l&#39;aide de bêta-lactamase effecteur Fusions

Many gram-negative bacteria including pathogenic Yersinia spp. employ type III secretion systems to translocate effector proteins into eukaryotic target ...

An Optimized Method for Isolating and Expanding Invariant Natural Killer T Cells from Mouse Spleen

The ability to rapidly secrete cytokines upon stimulation is a functional characteristic of the invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell lineage. iNKT cells are therefore characterized as an innate T cell population capable of activating and steering adaptive immune responses. The development of improved techniques for the culture and expansion of murine iNKT cells facilitates the study of iNKT cell biology in in vitro and in vivo model systems. Here we describe an optimized procedure for the isolation and expansion of murine splenic iNKT cells.
Spleens from C57Bl/6 mice are removed, dissected and strained and the resulting cellular suspension is layered over density gradient media. Following centrifugation, splenic mononuclear cells (MNCs) are collected and CD5-positive (CD5+) lymphocytes are enriched for using magnetic beads. iNKT cells within the CD5+ fraction are subsequently stained with &#945;GalCer-loaded CD1d tetramer and purified by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). FACS sorted iNKT cells are then initially cultured in vitro using a combination of recombinant murine cytokines and plate-bound T cell receptor (TCR) stimuli before being expanded in the presence of murine recombinant IL-7. Using this technique, approximately 108 iNKT cells can be generated within 18-20 days of culture, after which they can be used for functional assays in vitro, or for in vivo transfer experiments in mice.

Here we present an adapted protocol that can be used to generate a large number of murine invariant natural killer T cells from mouse spleen. The protocol outlines an approach by which splenic iNKT cells can be enriched for, isolated and expanded in vitro using a limited number of animals and reagents.

Un procédé optimisé pour isoler et expansion Invariant Cellules T Tueuses Naturelles de Spleen souris

The ability to rapidly secrete cytokines upon stimulation is a functional characteristic of the invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell lineage. iNKT cells ...

A Non-invasive and Technically Non-intensive Method for Induction and Phenotyping of Experimental Bacterial Pneumonia in Mice

Although community-acquired pneumonia remains a major public health problem, murine models of bacterial pneumonia have recently facilitated significant preclinical advances in our understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular pathogenesis. In vivo mouse models capture the integrated physiology and resilience of the host defense response in a manner not revealed by alternative, simplified ex vivo approaches. Several methods have been described in the literature for intrapulmonary inoculation of bacteria in mice, including aerosolization, intranasal delivery, peroral endotracheal cannulation under &#39;blind&#39; and visualized conditions, and transcutaneous endotracheal cannulation. All methods have relative merits and limitations. Herein, we describe in detail a non-invasive, technically non-intensive, inexpensive, and rapid method for intratracheal delivery of bacteria that involves aspiration (i.e., inhalation) by the mouse of an infectious inoculum pipetted into the oropharynx while under general anesthesia. This method can be used for pulmonary delivery of a wide variety of non-caustic biological and chemical agents, and is relatively easy to learn, even for laboratories with minimal prior experience with pulmonary procedures. In addition to describing the aspiration pneumonia method, we also provide step-by-step procedures for assaying the subsequent in vivo pulmonary innate immune response of the mouse, in particular, methods for quantifying bacterial clearance and the cellular immune response of the infected airway. This integrated and simple approach to pneumonia assessment allows for rapid and robust evaluation of the effect of genetic and environmental manipulations upon pulmonary innate immunity.

Several methods have been described in the literature for modeling bacterial pneumonia in mice. Herein, we describe a non-invasive, inexpensive, rapid method for inducing pneumonia via aspiration (i.e., inhalation) of a bacterial inoculum pipetted into the oropharynx. Downstream methods for assessment of the pulmonary innate immune response are also detailed.

Une méthode non-invasive et technique non-intensif pour Induction et phénotypage of Experimental pneumonie bactérienne chez les souris

Although community-acquired pneumonia remains a major public health problem, murine models of bacterial pneumonia have recently facilitated significant ...

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

While it is recognized that aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-specific T cells and antibodies participate in the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica (NMO), a human central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune demyelinating disease, creation of an AQP4-targeted model with both clinical and histologic manifestations of CNS autoimmunity has proven challenging. Immunization of wild-type (WT) mice with AQP4 peptides elicited T cell proliferation, although those T cells could not transfer disease to na&#239;ve recipient mice. Recently, two novel AQP4 T cell epitopes, peptide (p) 135-153 and p201-220, were identified when studying immune responses to AQP4 in AQP4-deficient (AQP4-/-) mice, suggesting T cell reactivity to these epitopes is normally controlled by thymic negative selection. AQP4-/- Th17 polarized T cells primed to either p135-153 or p201-220 induced paralysis in recipient WT mice, that was associated with predominantly leptomeningeal inflammation of the spinal cord and optic nerves. Inflammation surrounding optic nerves and involvement of the inner retinal layers (IRL) were manifested by changes in serial optical coherence tomography (OCT). Here, we illustrate the approaches used to create this new in vivo model of AQP4-targeted CNS autoimmunity (ATCA), which can now be employed to study mechanisms that permit development of pathogenic AQP4-specific T cells and how they may cooperate with B cells in NMO pathogenesis.

Here, we present a protocol to induce paralysis and opticospinal inflammation by transfer of aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-specific T cells from AQP4-/- mice into WT mice. In addition, we demonstrate how to use serial optical coherence tomography to monitor visual system dysfunction.

Induction de paralysie et de lésion du système visuel chez la souris par le particulier de cellules T pour Neuromyélite optique autoantigènes Aquaporin-4

While it is recognized that aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-specific T cells and antibodies participate in the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica (NMO), a human ...

Stereotactic Adoptive Transfer of Cytotoxic Immune Cells in Murine Models of Orthotopic Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Xenografts

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most frequent and aggressive primary brain cancer in adults, is generally associated with a poor prognosis, and scarce efficient therapies have been proposed over the last decade. Among the promising candidates for designing novel therapeutic strategies, cellular immunotherapies have been targeted to eliminate highly invasive and chemo-radioresistant tumor cells, likely involved in a rapid and fatal relapse of this cancer. Thus, administration(s) of allogeneic GBM-reactive immune cell effectors, such as human V&#978;9V&#948;2 T lymphocytes, in the vicinity of the tumor would represents a unique opportunity to deliver efficient and highly concentrated therapeutic agents directly into the site of brain malignancies. Here, we present a protocol for the preparation and the stereotaxic administration of allogeneic human lymphocytes in immunodeficient mice carrying orthotopic human primary brain tumors. This study provides a preclinical proof-of-concept for both the feasibility and the antitumor efficacy of these cellular immunotherapies that rely on stereotactic injections of allogeneic human lymphocytes within intrabrain tumor beds.

Here, we present a protocol for the preparation and the stereotaxic administration of allogeneic human lymphocytes in immunodeficient mice carrying orthotopic human primary brain tumors. This study provides a proof-of-concept for both the feasibility and the antitumor efficacy of intrabrain-delivered cellular immunotherapies.

Stéréotaxique transfert adoptif de cellules immunitaires cytotoxiques dans des modèles murins de xénogreffes de glioblastome Multiforme Orthotopic homme

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most frequent and aggressive primary brain cancer in adults, is generally associated with a poor prognosis, and scarce ...