Ce travail a été soutenu par le NINDS subvention # NS054148.

Toutes les procédures impliquant des animaux ont été approuvés par le soin et l&#39;utilisation des animaux Commission institutionnelle de l&#39;Université d&#39;État du Michigan (IACUC). 1. Installation expérimentale <ol><li> Utiliser une boîte de conditionnement opérant qui se compose d&#39;une paroi de nosepoke cinq trous d&#39;un côté et une auge de distribution de nourriture sur le côté opposé. <ol><li> Le trou central nosepoke est considérée comme une &quot;fixation&quot; trou et les quatre autres trous (deux de chaque côté du trou de fixation) sont considérés comme des trous cibles du moteur. Chaque trou est équipé d&#39;une LED tricolore et un système émetteur-détecteur de faisceau infrarouge qui détecte lorsque l&#39;animal entre et se rétracte à partir de l&#39;orifice de fixation. </li><li> Utilisez un générateur de tonalité programmable pour générer des tonalités à fréquence unique avec une précision à la milliseconde et le connecter à un haut-parleur monté à l&#39;intérieur de la boîte opérant. Commander le générateur de sons et nosepokes à travers le système de suivi du comportement en utilisant le logiciel approprié. Utiliser un matériel et softwsont système qui fournit milliseconde surveillance de calendrier d&#39;événements et de contrôle des signaux et les réponses comportementales. Remarque: L&#39;amplitude de ton et bruit des indices devrait être maintenue autour de 60 ± 3 dB SPL. </li></ol></li></ol> 2. Accoutumance précoce <ol><li> Limiter l&#39;apport alimentaire de l&#39;objet progressivement à ~ 5 g pour 100 g de poids normal de l&#39;objet (par exemple, au cours de 3 jours). Le sujet doit maintenir 85 à 90% de leur poids ad libitum. </li><li> Habituer le sujet à la manipulation par l&#39;expérimentateur et l&#39;objet familiariser avec l&#39;appareil à partir du premier jour du démarrage du protocole de privation de nourriture. Lancer manipulation de l&#39;animal et le placer dans la boîte de conditionnement opérant, tout en offrant des boulettes de nourriture dans le creux de culot pour encourager le sujet à explorer la cage et se familiariser avec le lieu de livraison de la récompense. </li></ol> 3. Formation de réserve <ol><li> Remarques générales<ol><li> La tâche proposée ici nécessite une coordination précise entre la perception d&#39;un signal auditif, en minimisant les mouvements pendant la période de retard et de l&#39;exécution du mouvement. </li><li> Peu à peu, la formation étape par étape-sujet afin de les préparer pour le comportement final désiré. </li><li> Assurez-vous que à la fin de chaque étape, le sujet maintient&gt; 75% la performance comportementale pendant au moins trois sessions consécutives avant de passer à l&#39;étape suivante. </li><li> Une fois la phase finale est atteint, garder le sujet sur le protocole pour une semaine pour assurer l&#39;exécution est maintenue au niveau souhaitable. </li></ol></li><li> Lancer: Familiariser le sujet avec les trous de nosepoke, de la nourriture le port de livraison et l&#39;association entre les trous clignotants et récompense. <ol><li> Sélectionnez l&#39;une des quatre cibles sur un calendrier aléatoire. </li><li> Jouer la queue Go (un bruit blanc auditif) et garder la LED à l&#39;intérieur du trou clignotant (durée d&#39;impulsion de 0,3 sec). </li><li> Définissez les software pour récompenser l&#39;objet lors de vos visites à l&#39;orifice. </li><li> Time-out le procès après 30 secondes si le trou n&#39;est pas visité et de commencer un nouveau procès. </li><li> Ne pas récompenser des visites dans les trous incorrectes. </li></ol></li><li> Sélection cible: punir visites erronées sur les trous non sélectionnés. <ol><li> Lors des visites de trous incorrectes, mettre fin à l&#39;essai suivie par 5 secondes de black-out. Remarque: Lors d&#39;une époque black-out, la LED de trou de fixation est éteint dans la cage. Cela signifie que le sujet ne peut pas engager un procès et doit attendre jusqu&#39;à ce que le trou de fixation LED commence à clignoter. </li><li> Sélectionner un nouveau trou et commencer un nouveau procès. </li></ol></li><li> Nosepoke: Former le sujet pour pousser à l&#39;intérieur du trou de fixation pour commencer un procès. <ol><li> Clignoter une LED jaune à l&#39;intérieur du trou de fixation. </li><li> Lors de sa visite le trou de fixation lire immédiatement le repère Go et commencer un nouveau procès. </li><li> Pénaliser visites incorrectes de 5 sec; Du black-out. </li></ol></li><li> Délai: Enseigner l&#39;objet de maintenir leur nez à l&#39;intérieur du trou de fixation pour une période de temps définie (période de retard) qui est augmentée progressivement que la formation progresse. <ol><li> Attendez que le sujet à visiter le trou de fixation. </li><li> Fin du procès si le sujet se rétracte à moins de 500 ms. Sinon, jouer la queue Go. </li><li> Pénaliser les rétractions prématurés par une période de black-out pour 7 sec. </li><li> Récompenser les visites correctes en fournissant une boulette de nourriture. </li></ol></li><li> Deux Queues (avec la lumière): Augmentation et randomiser la période retard longueur et introduire l&#39;instruction signal auditif. <ol><li> Augmenter la durée de la période de retard correspond à une moyenne de 1,5 sec. </li><li> Choisissez un retard aléatoire durée de la période à chaque essai basé sur une densité uniforme entre 1.3 à 1.8 sec. </li><li> Présentez l&#39;information de l&#39;instruction comme un ton de fréquence auditive unique pulsé en triolets, avec une durée d&#39;impulsion de 150 ms etintervalle entre impulsions de 100 ms. <ol><li> Jouer le repère d&#39;instruction immédiatement après que le sujet entre dans le trou de fixation. </li><li> Attribuer deux indices d&#39;instruction à chacune des cibles. </li><li> Utiliser un seul repère associé pour chaque cible à ce stade. </li></ol></li><li> Que le sujet utilise des indices auditifs et visuels pour sélectionner le trou cible. </li></ol></li><li> Deux Queues (sans lumière): Former le sujet ne se servent de repères auditifs. <ol><li> Désactiver les LED clignotent à l&#39;intérieur des trous de cibles, de sorte que le sujet ne serait utiliser l&#39;instruction auditifs repères. </li></ol></li><li> Quatre Indices: Présentez les deux autres indices de la séquence de signaux d&#39;instruction présentés de façon aléatoire et répéter sections 3.5.3-3.6.1. </li></ol> 4. Analyse des données comportementales <ol><li> Taux de réussite: Définir le taux de réussite que le pourcentage de visites correctes aux objectifs divisé par le nombre total d&#39;essais. <ol><li&gt; Mesurer le taux de réussite à chaque étape de la formation. </li></ol></li><li> types d&#39;erreur: <ol><li> Retrait prématuré: mesurer le pourcentage d&#39;essais chronométrés, en raison de rétractions début du trou de fixation. </li><li> erreur de Domaine: Calculer le pourcentage d&#39;essais ont échoué lorsque le sujet se rend une cible ignorants </li><li> Erreur omission: Calculer le pourcentage d&#39;erreurs lorsque le sujet ne visite pas les objectifs après début de l&#39;essai. </li></ol></li><li> Variables mesurées: <ol><li> Temps de réaction (RT): Pour chaque essai, mesurer le retard entre le début de la queue Go et le sujet de rétraction de l&#39;orifice de fixation. </li><li> Temps à la cible (TT): Mesurer la durée entre le sujet retrait hors du trou de fixation et en entrant le trou cible. </li></ol></li></ol>

<ol>
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Les rats ont été largement utilisés dans la recherche en neurosciences depuis plus d&#39;un siècle. Depuis l&#39;introduction de Thorndike du concept de la loi de l&#39;effet chez les chats 34, le conditionnement opérant a été l&#39;approche standard pour tester les différents aspects du comportement animal. De nombreuses expériences en neurosciences impliquant la prise de décision et la préparation du moteur comprennent une période de retard entre les signaux d&#39;instruction et l&#39;intervalle...

<html> L&#39;étude de la relation entre la neurophysiologie et comportement est le but ultime de neurosciences des systèmes. Historiquement, il a été un compromis entre le choix de modèle animal et répertoire comportemental 1-5. Alors que les organismes simples comme les limaces de mer 6 ou calmars 7 ont été largement utilisés pour étudier les propriétés des canaux unique ioniques, les neurones et les circuits neuronaux simples, les espèces d&#39;ordre supérieur sont nécessaires pour étudier des fonctions plus complexes telles que la navigation spatiale, la prise de décision 8-11 et cognitive contrôler 12-14. En dépit d&#39;être un modèle animal standard pour l&#39;homme comme le comportement, l&#39;utilisation de primates non humains invite coûts et considérations éthiques qui empêche leur utilisation dans un large éventail d&#39;expériences dans un cadre unique 15-18 laboratoire. Modèles animaux simples comme les rongeurs sont généralement préférées 19, à condition qu&#39;ils aient substrats neuronaux sous-jacents similaires les comportements d&#39;intérêt. &quot;&gt; Il ya de nombreuses preuves suggérant que les rongeurs part structures corticales et sous-corticales similaires à ceux trouvés chez les primates 20-22. Rongeurs sont également connus pour intégrer l&#39;information sur plusieurs modalités sensorielles pour guider leur action 23-25, par exemple, en coordonnant et en fouettant renifler pendant comportement exploratoire 26 ou en intégrant des événements auditifs et visuels / olfactives 25,27. Ici, nous décrivons un cadre pour le conditionnement opérant de rongeurs utilisés pour tester des tâches cognitives 28-32. Dans ce cadre, les sujets sont tenus de fixer dans un trou nosepoke et maintenir leur museau dans le trou jusqu&#39;à ce que la présentation d&#39;une remise repère. La tâche comportementale est une conception de nosepoke cinq trous qui est classiquement utilisé pour les études de la tâche de temps de réaction de série 5 choix. Au cours de la période de retard, une gamme de signaux d&#39;instruction est présenté pour guider le sujet pour effectuer une action. Ce cadre peut être facilement modifié pour répondreun large éventail d&#39;expériences dans lesquelles la formation de l&#39;objet afin de minimiser son mouvement visible sur un bref laps de temps est nécessaire. Ceci permet l&#39;étude de la mesure dans laquelle l&#39;activité de dopage de neurones individuels est influencée par des signaux spécifiques au cours de cet intervalle. Le protocole peut réduire le temps de formation et peut réduire la variabilité entre-objet d&#39;apprentissage. Un diagramme schématique de la tâche est représentée sur la figure 1.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="757">
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		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:359px;"> 5-HOLED NOSE POKE WITH 3STIM CUE LIGHT - RAT CAGE</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Coulbourn</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"> H21-06M/R</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"> </td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">TEST CAGE</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Coulbourn</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H10-11R-TC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">Graphic State Software</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Coulbourn</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"> </td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">PROGRAMMABLE TONE/NOISE GENERATOR</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Coulbourn</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A12-33</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">Dustless Precision Pellets</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Bio-Serv</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">F0165</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;"> SPEAKER MODULE</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Coulbourn</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H12-01R</td>
			<td></td>
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a fully automated rodent conditioning protocol for sensorimotor integration and cognitive control experiments

Rongeurs ont été traditionnellement utilisé comme un modèle animal standard dans des expériences de laboratoire portant sur une multitude de tâches sensorielles, cognitives et motrices. Fonctions cognitives supérieures qui nécessitent un contrôle précis sur les réponses sensori-motrices telles que la prise de décision et la modulation de l&#39;attention, cependant, sont généralement évalués chez les primates. Malgré la richesse de comportement des primates qui permet de multiples variantes de ces fonctions à étudier, le modèle de rongeur reste une alternative intéressante et rentable pour des modèles primates. En outre, la capacité d&#39;automatiser entièrement le conditionnement opérant chez les rongeurs ajoute des avantages uniques sur la formation de main-d&#39;œuvre de primates non humains tout en étudiant un large éventail de ces fonctions complexes. Ici, nous introduisons un protocole pour les rats de conditionnement opérante sur l&#39;exécution des tâches de mémoire de travail. Au cours des époques critiques de la tâche, le protocole assure que le mouvement manifeste de l&#39;animal est réduit au minimum par requIring l&#39;animal à «faire une fixation» jusqu&#39;à un repère Go est livrée, qui s&#39;apparente à la conception expérimentale primate non humain. Une tâche simple de deux alternatives forcé de choix est mis en œuvre pour démontrer la performance. Nous discutons de l&#39;application de ce paradigme à d&#39;autres tâches.

Le cadre proposé permet la formation de l&#39;objet sur une gamme de tâches cognitives. Ici nous avons mis une tâche de retard chargé conçu pour étudier les mécanismes d&#39;actions dirigées vers un but dans le cortex préfrontal rongeur. Figure 1 montre un organigramme de la conception expérimentale. Pour s&#39;assurer que le sujet comprend l&#39;exigence de la tâche à chaque étape, des mesures de performance doivent être évalués en permanence. Figure...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments at JoVE.com

A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments

Un protocole entièrement automatisé pour rongeur conditionnement opérant est proposé. Le protocole repose sur le contrôle temporel précis des événements de comportement pour enquêter sur la mesure dans laquelle les expériences influences ce contrôle l&#39;activité sous-jacente de neurones d&#39;intégration sensori-motrice et de contrôle cognitif.

Un protocole conditionné rongeurs entièrement automatisé pour sensorimotrice intégration et expériences de contrôle cognitif

Rodents have been traditionally used as a standard animal model in laboratory experiments involving a myriad of sensory, cognitive, and motor tasks. ...

a-fully-automated-rodent-conditioning-protocol-for-sensorimotor

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

10.5K vues.  Michigan State University.  Un protocole entièrement automatisé pour rongeur conditionnement opérant est proposé. Le protocole repose sur le contrôle temporel précis des événements de comportement pour enquêter sur la mesure dans laquelle les expériences influences ce contrôle l'activité sous-jacente de neurones d'intégration sensori-motrice et de contrôle cognitif. 

Vidéo: A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

The ability to adjust behavior to sudden changes in the environment develops gradually in childhood and adolescence. For example, in the Dimensional Change Card Sort task, participants switch from sorting cards one way, such as shape, to sorting them a different way, such as color. Adjusting behavior in this way exacts a small performance cost, or switch cost, such that responses are typically slower and more error-prone on switch trials in which the sorting rule changes as compared to repeat trials in which the sorting rule remains the same. The ability to flexibly adjust behavior is often said to develop gradually, in part because behavioral costs such as switch costs typically decrease with increasing age. Why aspects of higher-order cognition, such as behavioral flexibility, develop so gradually remains an open question. One hypothesis is that these changes occur in association with functional changes in broad-scale cognitive control networks. On this view, complex mental operations, such as switching, involve rapid interactions between several distributed brain regions, including those that update and maintain task rules, re-orient attention, and select behaviors. With development, functional connections between these regions strengthen, leading to faster and more efficient switching operations. The current video describes a method of testing this hypothesis through the collection and multivariate analysis of fMRI data from participants of different ages.

This video presents a method of examining age-related changes in functional connectivity of cognitive control networks engaged by targeted tasks/processes. The technique is based on multi-variate analysis of fMRI data.

Une méthode d&#39;enquête sur les différences liées à l&#39;âge dans la connectivité fonctionnelle des réseaux de contrôle cognitif associé à changement dimensionnel carte Trier Performance

The ability to adjust behavior to sudden changes in the environment develops gradually in childhood and adolescence. For example, in the Dimensional ...

Recherche

Sciences du comportement

Automated Visual Cognitive Tasks for Recording Neural Activity Using a Floor Projection Maze

Neuropsychological tasks used in primates to investigate mechanisms of learning and memory are typically visually guided cognitive tasks. We have developed visual cognitive tasks for rats using the Floor Projection Maze1,2&#160;that are optimized for visual abilities of rats permitting stronger comparisons of experimental findings with other species.
In order to investigate neural correlates of learning and memory, we have integrated electrophysiological recordings into fully automated cognitive tasks on the Floor Projection Maze1,2. Behavioral software interfaced with an animal tracking system allows monitoring of the animal's behavior with precise control of image presentation and reward contingencies for better trained animals. Integration with an in vivo electrophysiological recording system enables examination of behavioral correlates of neural activity at selected epochs of a given cognitive task.
We describe protocols for a model system that combines automated visual presentation of information to rodents and intracranial reward with electrophysiological approaches. Our model system offers a sophisticated set of tools as a framework for other cognitive tasks to better isolate and identify specific mechanisms contributing to particular cognitive processes.

We describe protocols for training rats for chronic electrophysiological recordings in fully automated cognitive tasks on a Floor Projection Maze.

Tâches cognitives visuels automatisés pour l&#39;enregistrement de neurones activité en utilisant une projection au sol Maze

Neuropsychological tasks used in primates to investigate mechanisms of learning and memory are typically visually guided cognitive tasks. We have ...

Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device (ALDM) Test Systems

Fagot &#38; Paleressompoulle1 and Fagot &#38; Bonte2 have published an automated learning device (ALDM) for the study of cognitive abilities of monkeys maintained in semi-free ranging conditions. Data accumulated during the last five years have consistently demonstrated the efficiency of this protocol to investigate individual/physical cognition in monkeys, and have further shown that this procedure reduces stress level during animal testing3. This paper demonstrates that networks of ALDM can also be used to investigate different facets of social cognition and in-group expressed behaviors in monkeys, and describes three illustrative protocols developed for that purpose. The first study demonstrates how ethological assessments of social behavior and computerized assessments of cognitive performance could be integrated to investigate the effects of socially exhibited moods on the cognitive performance of individuals. The second study shows that batteries of ALDM running in parallel can provide unique information on the influence of the presence of others on task performance. Finally, the last study shows that networks of ALDM test units can also be used to study issues related to social transmission and cultural evolution. Combined together, these three studies demonstrate clearly that ALDM testing is a highly promising experimental tool for bridging the gap in the animal literature between research on individual cognition and research on social cognition.

Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device ALDM Test Systems

Fagot &#38; Paleressompoulle1 have published an automated learning device (ALDM) aimed at testing individual cognitive abilities in semi-free ranging monkeys. The main goal of our protocol is to use a network of ALDM test units to study social cognition in non-human primates.

Évaluation de la cognition sociale chez les primates non-humains utilisant un réseau de dispositif d&#39;apprentissage informatisé Automated Systems (ALDM) essai

Fagot &#38; Paleressompoulle1 and Fagot &#38; Bonte2 have published an automated learning device (ALDM) for the study of cognitive abilities of monkeys ...

A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study

Advances in robotic systems have resulted in prostheses for the upper limb that can produce multifunctional movements. However, these sophisticated systems require upper limb amputees to learn complex control schemes. Humans have the ability to learn new movements through imitation and other learning strategies. This protocol describes a structured rehabilitation method, which includes imitation, repetition, and reinforcement learning, and aims to assess if this method can improve multifunctional prosthetic control. A left below elbow amputee, with 4 years of experience in prosthetic use, took part in this case study. The prosthesis used was a Michelangelo hand with wrist rotation, and the added features of wrist flexion and extension, which allowed more combinations of hand movements. The participant&#8217;s Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure score improved from 58 to 71 following structured training. This suggests that a structured training protocol of imitation, repetition and reinforcement may have a role in learning to control a new prosthetic hand. A larger clinical study is however required to support these findings.

As prosthetic development moves towards the goal of natural control, harnessing amputees&#8217; inherent ability to learn new motor skills may enable proficiency. This manuscript describes a structured rehabilitation protocol, which includes imitation, repetition, and reinforcement learning strategies, for improved multifunctional prosthetic control.

Un protocole de rééducation structuré pour l&#39;amélioration Multifonctionnelle prothétique: Une étude de cas

Advances in robotic systems have resulted in prostheses for the upper limb that can produce multifunctional movements. However, these sophisticated ...

Protocol for Data Collection and Analysis Applied to Automated Facial Expression Analysis Technology and Temporal Analysis for Sensory Evaluation

We demonstrate a method for capturing emotional response to beverages and liquefied foods in a sensory evaluation laboratory using automated facial expression analysis (AFEA) software. Additionally, we demonstrate a method for extracting relevant emotional data output and plotting the emotional response of a population over a specified time frame. By time pairing each participant's treatment response to a control stimulus (baseline), the overall emotional response over time and across multiple participants can be quantified. AFEA is a prospective analytical tool for assessing unbiased response to food and beverages. At present, most research has mainly focused on beverages. Methodologies and analyses have not yet been standardized for the application of AFEA to beverages and foods; however, a consistent standard methodology is needed. Optimizing video capture procedures and resulting video quality aids in a successful collection of emotional response to foods. Furthermore, the methodology of data analysis is novel for extracting the pertinent data relevant to the emotional response. The combinations of video capture optimization and data analysis will aid in standardizing the protocol for automated facial expression analysis and interpretation of emotional response data.

A protocol for capturing and statistically analyzing emotional response of a population to beverages and liquefied foods in a sensory evaluation laboratory using automated facial expression analysis software is described.

Protocole de collecte de données et d&#39;analyse appliquée à la technologie d&#39;analyse de l&#39;expression du visage automatisé et analyse temporelle pour l&#39;évaluation sensorielle

We demonstrate a method for capturing emotional response to beverages and liquefied foods in a sensory evaluation laboratory using automated facial ...

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to progressive loss of motor and speech abilities. In addition, cognitive functions are impaired in a subset of patients. To evaluate these potential deficits in severely physically impaired ALS patients, eye-tracking is a promising means to conduct cognitive tests. The present article focuses on how eye movements, an indirect means of communication for physically disabled patients, can be utilized to allow for detailed neuropsychological assessment. The requirements, in terms of oculomotor parameters that have to be met for sufficient eye-tracking in ALS patients are presented. The properties of stimuli, including type of neuropsychological tests and style of presentation, best suited to successfully assess cognitive functioning, are also described. Furthermore, recommendations regarding procedural requirements are provided. Overall, this methodology provides a reliable, easy to administer and fast approach for assessing cognitive deficits in patients who are unable to speak or write such as patients with severe ALS. The only confounding factor might be deficits in voluntary eye movement control in a subset of ALS patients.

Cognitive deficits are common in about one third of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a neurological condition leading to progressive impairments in speech and movement abilities. To conduct cognitive tests in patients unable to speak or write a reliable and easy to administer eye-tracking paradigm was developed.

Eye-Tracking Control pour évaluer les fonctions cognitives chez les patients atteints de sclérose latérale amyotrophique

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to ...

Automated, Long-term Behavioral Assay for Cognitive Functions in Multiple Genetic Models of Alzheimer's Disease, Using IntelliCage

Multiple factors&#8212;such as aging and genes&#8212;are frequently associated with cognitive decline. Genetically modified mouse models of cognitive decline, such as Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD), have become a promising tool to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and promote the therapeutic advances. An important step is the validation and characterization of expected behavioral abnormality in the models, in the case of AD, cognitive decline. The long-term behavioral investigations of laboratory animals to study the effect of aging demand substantial efforts from researchers. The IntelliCage system is a high-throughput and cost-effective test battery for mice that eliminates the need for daily human handling. Here, we describe how the system is utilized in the long-term phenotyping of a genetic Alzheimer&#39;s disease model, specifically focusing on the cognitive functions. The experiment employs repeated battery of tests that assess spatial learning and executive functions. This cost-effective age-dependent phenotyping allows us to identify the transient and/or permanent effects of genes on various cognitive aspects.

Automated, Long-term Behavioral Assay for Cognitive Functions in Multiple Genetic Models of Alzheimer&#039;s Disease, Using IntelliCage

This paper describes a protocol for cognitive assessments for genetic models of the Alzheimer&#39;s disease using the IntelliCage system, which is a high throughput automated behavioral monitoring system with operant conditioning.

Automatisé, à long terme analyse comportementale pour les fonctions cognitives dans de multiples modèles génétiques de la maladie d’Alzheimer, à l’aide de IntelliCage

Multiple factors&#8212;such as aging and genes&#8212;are frequently associated with cognitive decline. Genetically modified mouse models of cognitive ...

A Networked Desktop Virtual Reality Setup for Decision Science and Navigation Experiments with Multiple Participants

Investigating the interactions among multiple participants is a challenge for researchers from various disciplines, including the decision sciences and spatial cognition. With a local area network and dedicated software platform, experimenters can efficiently monitor the behavior of the participants that are simultaneously immersed in a desktop virtual environment and digitalize the collected data. These capabilities allow for experimental designs in spatial cognition and navigation research that would be difficult (if not impossible) to conduct in the real world. Possible experimental variations include stress during an evacuation, cooperative and competitive search tasks, and other contextual factors that may influence emergent crowd behavior. However, such a laboratory requires maintenance and strict protocols for data collection in a controlled setting. While the external validity of laboratory studies with human participants is sometimes questioned, a number of recent papers suggest that the correspondence between real and virtual environments may be sufficient for studying social behavior in terms of trajectories, hesitations, and spatial decisions. In this article, we describe a method for conducting experiments on decision-making and navigation with up to 36 participants in a networked desktop virtual reality setup (i.e., the Decision Science Laboratory or DeSciL). This experiment protocol can be adapted and applied by other researchers in order to set up a networked desktop virtual reality laboratory.

This paper describes a method for conducting multi-user experiments on decision-making and navigation using a networked computer laboratory.

Une installation de réalité virtuelle Bureau en réseau pour les sciences de la décision et des expériences de Navigation avec plusieurs Participants

Investigating the interactions among multiple participants is a challenge for researchers from various disciplines, including the decision sciences and ...

Virtual Reality Experiments with Physiological Measures

Virtual reality (VR) experiments are increasingly employed because of their internal and external validity compared to real-world observation and laboratory experiments, respectively. VR is especially useful for geographic visualizations and investigations of spatial behavior. In spatial behavior research, VR provides a platform for studying the relationship between navigation and physiological measures (e.g., skin conductance, heart rate, blood pressure). Specifically, physiological measures allow researchers to address novel questions and constrain previous theories of spatial abilities, strategies, and performance. For example, individual differences in navigation performance may be explained by the extent to which changes in arousal mediate the effects of task difficulty. However, the complexities in the design and implementation of VR experiments can distract experimenters from their primary research goals and introduce irregularities in data collection and analysis. To address these challenges, the Experiments in Virtual Environments (EVE) framework includes standardized modules such as participant training with the control interface, data collection using questionnaires, the synchronization of physiological measurements, and data storage. EVE also provides the necessary infrastructure for data management, visualization, and evaluation. The present paper describes a protocol that employs the EVE framework to conduct navigation experiments in VR with physiological sensors. The protocol lists the steps necessary for recruiting participants, attaching the physiological sensors, administering the experiment using EVE, and assessing the collected data with EVE evaluation tools. Overall, this protocol will facilitate future research by streamlining the design and implementation of VR experiments with physiological sensors.

Virtual reality (VR) experiments can be difficult to implement and require meticulous planning. This protocol describes a method for the design and implementation of VR experiments that collect physiological data from human participants. The Experiments in Virtual Environments (EVE) framework is employed to accelerate this process.

Expériences de réalité virtuelle avec mesures physiologiques

Virtual reality (VR) experiments are increasingly employed because of their internal and external validity compared to real-world observation and ...

Visual Classical Conditioning in Wood Ants

Several species of insects have become model systems for studying learning and memory formation. Although many studies focus on freely moving animals, studies implementing classical conditioning paradigms with harnessed insects have been important for investigating the exact cues that individuals learn and the neural mechanisms underlying learning and memory formation. Here we present a protocol for evoking visual associative learning in wood ants through classical conditioning. In this paradigm, ants are harnessed and presented with a visual cue (a blue cardboard), the conditional stimulus (CS), paired with an appetitive sugar reward, the unconditional stimulus (US). Ants perform a Maxilla-Labium Extension Reflex (MaLER), the unconditional response (UR), which can be used as a readout for learning. Training consists of 10 trials, separated by a 5-minute intertrial interval (ITI). Ants are also tested for memory retention 10 minutes or 1 hour after training. This protocol has the potential to allow researchers to analyze, in a precise and controlled manner, the details of visual memory formation and the neural basis of learning and memory formation in wood ants.

We present a protocol for the classical conditioning of harnessed ants that permits researchers to study visual learning and memory formation at a level of analysis not possible with freely moving individuals.

Visuels conditionnement classique dans les fourmis des bois

Several species of insects have become model systems for studying learning and memory formation. Although many studies focus on freely moving animals, ...