Les auteurs tiennent à remercier le soutien de la New York Région Capital Alliance subvention de recherche.

1. Bioprinting plate-forme mise en place La modification de l&#39;imprimante a été basé sur une imprimante à jet d&#39;encre thermique HP Deskjet 500 et HP 51626A cartouche d&#39;encre noire. <ol><li> Retirez le couvercle en plastique haut de l&#39;imprimante et soigneusement détacher le panneau de contrôle de la couverture. </li><li> Détachez les 3 câbles de connexion entre la partie supérieur de l&#39;imprimante et de la base. Retirer la partie supérieur de l&#39;imprimante à partir de la base. </li><li> Sur la partie supérieure de l&#39;imprimante, retirez le petit plastique et accessoires en caoutchouc (système de nettoyage de tête d&#39;impression) sur le côté de la main droite sous la cartouche d&#39;encre. </li><li> Retirez la base du bac à papier avec des ressorts. </li><li> Retirer la plaque métallique recouvrant la barre d&#39;alimentation de papier plastique. </li><li> Coupez la barre d&#39;alimentation de papier plastique à la position de la roue d&#39;alimentation milieu à l&#39;aide d&#39;une scie à main ou un autre outil de coupe. </li><li> Déposer les roues 2 d&#39;alimentation papier exposées après l&#39;étape précédente. Le plastique de la roue est très difficile et une électroniquescie sera utile. </li><li> Nettoyez la poussière et les débris en utilisant des lingettes d&#39;air et de l&#39;éthanol en conserve. </li><li> Fixez la partie supérieur de l&#39;imprimante à la base. </li><li> UV stériliser l&#39;imprimante modifiée pour au moins 2 heures dans une hotte à flux laminaire avant de l&#39;utiliser. </li><li> Coupez le capuchon de la cartouche d&#39;encre HP 51626A aide d&#39;une scie à main ou un autre outil de coupe. </li><li> Vider l&#39;encre et retirez le filtre qui recouvre le réservoir de fond de puits du cartilage. </li><li> Rincez la cartouche à fond en utilisant l&#39;eau du robinet. </li><li> Ultrasonicate la cartouche dans désionisée (DI) de l&#39;eau pendant 10 minutes pour enlever l&#39;encre résiduelle. </li><li> Examinez la cartouche pour vous assurer que toute l&#39;encre a été éliminée. Rincer la cartouche ou de pulvérisation à fond avec de l&#39;éthanol à 70% pour la stérilisation, puis de l&#39;eau déminéralisée stérilisée. </li><li> Mettre en place une lampe à ultraviolets longueur d&#39;onde sur la plate-forme d&#39;impression pour fournir une capacité de photopolymérisation simultanée. </li><li> Mesurer l&#39;intensité des UV à la plate-forme d&#39;impression en utilisant une lumière UVmètre. Régler la distance entre la lampe UV et la plate-forme d&#39;impression pour l&#39;intensité de l&#39;objet d&#39;impression est comprise entre 8.4 mW / cm 2 (environ 25 cm de la lampe à la plate-forme de l&#39;imprimante). </li></ol> 2. Préparation Bioink <ol><li> L&#39;expansion monocouche de chondrocytes <ol><li> Plate 5000000 chondrocytes humains dans chaque flacon de culture de tissu T175 pour l&#39;expansion des cellules dans Dulbecco Modifié Eagles Medium (DMEM) supplémenté avec 10% de sérum de veau et 1 x pénicilline-streptomycine-glutamine (PSG). des cellules de culture à 37 ° C avec de l&#39;air humidifié contenant 5% de CO 2. Changer le milieu de culture tous les 3 jours jusqu&#39;à ce que le ballon est de 85% de confluence. Utiliser des cellules à partir du même passage. </li></ol></li><li> Dissoudre PEGDA dans du PBS à une concentration finale de 10% p / v Ajouter photo-initiateur I-2959 à une concentration finale de 0,05% p / v Filtre stériliser la solution. </li><li> Suspendre chondrocytes humains cultivés dans la solution PEGDA préparé à 5 x 10 6 cellules /ml. </li></ol> 3. Impression de tissu cartilagineux <ol><li> Mettez l&#39;imprimante et l&#39;ordinateur portable. </li><li> Créer un motif d&#39;impression d&#39;un cercle plein avec 4 mm de diamètre à l&#39;aide de Microsoft Word ou Adobe Photoshop. <ol><li> Ajustez la position du motif et assurez-vous qu&#39;il sera imprimé exactement dans le moule en plastique. </li><li> Calculer le nombre de copies nécessaires pour atteindre l&#39;épaisseur désirée de l&#39;échafaudage. Pour 4 mm de hauteur, 220 gravures sont nécessaires pour créer l&#39;échafaud souhaitée. </li></ol></li><li> Charger le bioink dans la cartouche d&#39;encre. Couvrir la cartouche avec du papier d&#39;aluminium pour le protéger de l&#39;exposition directe aux rayons UV pendant l&#39;impression. </li><li> Envoyer commande d&#39;impression à l&#39;imprimante. Tirez le capteur de papier lorsque l&#39;imprimante commence à imprimer. L&#39;ensemble du processus d&#39;impression devrait prendre moins de 4 min pour un échafaudage de 4 mm de diamètre et 4 mm de hauteur. </li><li> Transfert imprimé néocartilage à une plaque de 24 puits et ajouter 1,5 ml de milieu de culture dans chaque puits. </li></ol><ol><li> Incuber la néocartilage imprimé en solution, LIVE / DEAD viabilité / cytotoxicité travailler à température ambiante pendant 15 minutes dans l&#39;obscurité. </li><li> Couper l&#39;hydrogel de cellule en demi-charge et prendre des images de fluorescence de la zone de coupe. </li><li> Comptez en direct (vert) et les cellules mortes (rouges) par un observateur impartial à cinq images prises au hasard. Calculer la viabilité cellulaire en divisant le nombre de cellules vivantes par le nombre total de cellules vivantes et mortes. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Cui, X., Boland, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+microvasculature+fabrication+using+thermal+inkjet+printing+technology.">Human microvasculature fabrication using thermal inkjet printing technology.</a> Biomaterials. 30, 6221-6227 (2009).</li><li>Cui, X., Breitenkamp, K., Finn, M. G., Lotz, M., D'Lima, D. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+human+cartilage+repair+using+three-dimensional+bioprinting+technology.">Direct human cartilage repair using three-dimensional bioprinting technology.</a> Tissue Eng Part A. 18, 1304-1312 (2012).</li><li>Cui, X., Breitenkamp, K., Lotz, M., D'Lima, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synergistic+action+of+fibroblast+growth+factor-2+and+transforming+growth+factor-beta1+enhances+bioprinted+human+neocartilage+formation.">Synergistic action of fibroblast growth factor-2 and transforming growth factor-beta1 enhances bioprinted human neocartilage formation.</a> Biotechnol. Bioeng. 109, 2357-2368 (2012).</li><li>Cui, X., Breitenkamp, K., Finn, M. G., Lotz, M., Colwell, C. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+human+cartilage+repair+using+thermal+inkjet+printing+technology.">Direct human cartilage repair using thermal inkjet printing technology.</a> Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 19, (2011).</li><li>Cui, X., Boland, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simultaneous+deposition+of+human+microvascular+endothelial+cells+and+biomaterials+for+human+microvasculature+fabrication+using+inkjet+printing.">Simultaneous deposition of human microvascular endothelial cells and biomaterials for human microvasculature fabrication using inkjet printing.</a> NIP24/digital Fabrication 2008: 24th International Conference on Digital Printing Technologies, Technical Program and Proceedings. 24, 480-483 (2008).</li><li>Cui, X., Dean, D., Ruggeri, Z. M., Boland, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+damage+evaluation+of+thermal+inkjet+printed+Chinese+hamster+ovary+cells.">Cell damage evaluation of thermal inkjet printed Chinese hamster ovary cells.</a> Biotechnol. Bioeng. 106, 963-969 (2010).</li><li>Cui, X., Hasegawa, A., Lotz, M., D'Lima, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structured+three-dimensional+co-culture+of+mesenchymal+stem+cells+with+meniscus+cells+promotes+meniscal+phenotype+without+hypertrophy.">Structured three-dimensional co-culture of mesenchymal stem cells with meniscus cells promotes meniscal phenotype without hypertrophy.</a> Biotechnol. Bioeng. 109, 2369-2380 (2012).</li><li>Cui, X., Gao, G., Qiu, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Accelerated+myotube+formation+using+bioprinting+technology+for+biosensor+applications.">Accelerated myotube formation using bioprinting technology for biosensor applications.</a> Biotechnol. Lett. 35, 315-321 (2013).</li><li>Cui, X., Boland, T., D'Lima, D. D., Lotz, M. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thermal+inkjet+printing+in+tissue+engineering+and+regenerative+medicine.">Thermal inkjet printing in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.</a> Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul. 6, 149-155 (2012).</li><li>Bryant, S. J., Anseth, K. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrogel+properties+influence+ECM+production+by+chondrocytes+photoencapsulated+in+poly(ethylene+glycol)+hydrogels.">Hydrogel properties influence ECM production by chondrocytes photoencapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels.</a> Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. 59, 63-72 (2002).</li><li>Elisseeff, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photoencapsulation+of+chondrocytes+in+poly(ethylene+oxide)-based+semi-interpenetrating+networks.">Photoencapsulation of chondrocytes in poly(ethylene oxide)-based semi-interpenetrating networks.</a> Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. 51, 164-171 (2000).</li><li>Buskirk, W. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+A+High-Resolution+Thermal+Inkjet+Printhead.">Development of A High-Resolution Thermal Inkjet Printhead.</a> Hewlett-Packard Journal. 39, 55-61 (1988).</li><li>Harmon, J. P., Widder, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Integrating+the+Printhead+Into+the+HP+Deskjet+Printer.">Integrating the Printhead Into the HP Deskjet Printer.</a> Hewlett-Packard Journal. 39, 62-66 (1988).</li><li>Kim, T. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+model+for+cartilage+tissue+engineering+to+regenerate+the+zonal+organization+of+articular+cartilage.">Experimental model for cartilage tissue engineering to regenerate the zonal organization of articular cartilage.</a> Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 11, 653-664 (2003).</li><li>Sharma, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Designing+zonal+organization+into+tissue-engineered+cartilage.">Designing zonal organization into tissue-engineered cartilage.</a> Tissue Engineering. 13, 405-414 (2007).</li><li>Cohen, D. L., Lipton, J. I., Bonassar, L. J., Lipson, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Additive+manufacturing+for+in+situ+repair+of+osteochondral+defects.">Additive manufacturing for in situ repair of osteochondral defects.</a> Biofabrication. 2, (2010).</li></ol>

Les auteurs n&#39;ont aucun intérêt financier dans cette étude.

Ce système de bioprinting 3D avec une capacité de photopolymérisation simultanée fournit une résolution d&#39;impression de manière significative plus grande que la meilleure méthode d&#39;impression précédemment rapporté in situ des défauts ostéochondraux extrudée à l&#39;aide de la seringue un hydrogel d&#39;alginate cellulaire dans 16. Résolution d&#39;impression plus élevée est particulièrement critique pour l&#39;ingénierie des tissus cartilagineux pour rétablir l&#3...

Bioprinting basé sur l&#39;impression jet d&#39;encre thermique est l&#39;une des technologies permettant plus prometteurs dans le domaine de l&#39;ingénierie tissulaire et la médecine régénérative. Avec des têtes d&#39;impression de contrôle numérique et haut débit facteurs cellules, échafaudages, et de croissance peuvent être déposés précisément à deux dimensions (2D) souhaitée et positions (3D) en trois dimensions rapidement. De nombreuses applications réussies ont été obtenus en utilisant cette technologie en ingénierie tissulaire et la médecine régénérative 1-9. Dans ce papier, une plate-forme de bioprinting a été établi avec un Hewlett-Packard (HP) Deskjet 500 imprimante à jet d&#39;encre thermique modifié et un système de photopolymérisation simultanée. Hydrogels synthétiques formulés à partir de poly (éthylène glycol) (PEG) ont montré la capacité de maintenir la viabilité des chondrocytes et promouvoir chondrogène production ECM 10,11. En outre, photoréticulable PEG est très soluble dans l&#39;eau avec une faible viscosité, ce qui le rend idéal pour polyme simultanéerisation pendant bioprinting 3D. Dans cet article, les chondrocytes humains en suspension dans le poly (éthylène) de diacrylate (PEGDA; MW 3400) ont été imprimés précisément de construire néocartilage couche-par-couche avec 1400 dpi en résolution 3D. Répartition homogène des cellules déposées dans un échafaudage 3D a été observée, ce qui a généré le tissu cartilagineux avec d&#39;excellentes propriétés mécaniques et une production accrue de l&#39;ECM. En revanche, dans les cellules de fabrication manuelle accumulés au fond du gel à la place de leurs positions initialement déposées en raison de la polymérisation d&#39;échafaudage plus lente, ce qui conduit à la formation de cartilage non homogène après culture 2,3.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">HP Deskjet 500 thermal inkjet printer</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Hewlett-Packard</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">C2106a</td>
			<td style="width:433px;">Discontinued. Purchased refurbished from internet vendor.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">HP black ink cartridge</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Hewlett-Packard</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">51626a</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">Ultraviolet lamp</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">UVP</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">B-100AP</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">UV light meter</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">General Tools</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">UV513AB</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">Zeiss LSM 510 laser scanning microscope</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Carl Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">LSM 510</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">Dulbeccos Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM)</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Mediatech</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">10-013</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">Penicillin-streptomycin-glutamine (PSG)</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">10378-016</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">Accutase cell dissociation reagent</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">A11105-01</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">Phosphate buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">10010-023</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">Live/Dead viability/cytotoxicity Kit</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">L-3224</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Glycosan Biosystems</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">GS700</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">Irgacure 2959</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Ciba Specialty Chemicals</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">I-2959</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">Human articular chondrocytes</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Lonza</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">CC-2550</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

human cartilage tissue fabrication using three-dimensional inkjet printing technology

Bioprinting, qui est basé sur l&#39;impression jet d&#39;encre thermique, est l&#39;une des technologies permettant les plus attrayantes dans le domaine de l&#39;ingénierie tissulaire et la médecine régénérative. Avec les cellules de contrôle numérique, des échafaudages et des facteurs de croissance peuvent être déposées avec précision à deux dimensions (2D) et désirée (3D) des emplacements tridimensionnels rapidement. Par conséquent, cette technologie est une approche idéale pour fabriquer des tissus imitant leurs structures anatomiques indigènes. Afin de concevoir cartilage à l&#39;organisation indigène zonal, la composition de la matrice extracellulaire (ECM), et les propriétés mécaniques, nous avons développé une plate-forme de bioprinting aide d&#39;une imprimante à jet d&#39;encre commerciale avec photopolymérisation simultanée capable pour la 3D cartilage ingénierie tissulaire. Chondrocytes humains en suspension dans le poly (éthylène glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) ont été imprimés pour la construction néocartilage 3D via assemblage couche par couche. Les cellules imprimées ont été fixés à leurs positions originales déposées, soutenu par le surroUnding échafaud photopolymérisation simultanée. Les propriétés mécaniques du tissu imprimé, se rapprochent du cartilage natif. Par rapport à la fabrication des tissus classique, qui nécessite plus l&#39;exposition aux UV, la viabilité des cellules imprimées avec photopolymérisation simultanée était significativement plus élevée. Néocartilage imprimé démontré une excellente glycosaminoglycanes (GAG) et de la production de collagène de type II, ce qui était en accord avec l&#39;expression du gène. Par conséquent, cette plate-forme est idéale pour la distribution précise de la cellule et l&#39;agencement pour l&#39;ingénierie tissulaire anatomique.

L&#39;imprimante à jet d&#39;encre thermique modifiée est capable de cellule et le dépôt d&#39;échafaudage à un débit élevé et une excellente viabilité cellulaire. Combinant avec photopolymérisation simultanée et biomatériaux photosensibles, cette technologie est en mesure de fixer les cellules et d&#39;autres substances imprimés aux emplacements initialement déposés. Selon les propriétés de l&#39;imprimante à jet d&#39;encre thermique modifiée, la résolution d&#39;impression est de 300 dpi 2D avec ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Human Cartilage Tissue Fabrication Using Three-dimensional Inkjet Printing Technology at JoVE.com

Human Cartilage Tissue Fabrication Using Three-dimensional Inkjet Printing Technology

Les méthodes décrites dans le présent document montrent comment convertir une imprimante à jet d&#39;encre commerciale dans un bioprinter la polymérisation UV simultanée. L&#39;imprimante est capable de construire une structure de tissu 3D avec des cellules et des biomatériaux. L&#39;étude a démontré ici construit une néocartilage 3D.

Fabrication de tissus de cartilage humain en utilisant trois dimensions jet d&#39;encre Technologie d&#39;impression

Bioprinting, which is based on thermal inkjet printing, is one of the most attractive enabling technologies in the field of tissue engineering and ...

human-cartilage-tissue-fabrication-using-three-dimensional-inkjet

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

15.6K vues.  Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.  Les méthodes décrites dans le présent document montrent comment convertir une imprimante à jet d'encre commerciale dans un bioprinter la polymérisation UV simultanée. L'imprimante est capable de construire une structure de tissu 3D avec des cellules et des biomatériaux. L'étude a démontré ici construit une néocartilage 3D. 

Vidéo: Human Cartilage Tissue Fabrication Using Three-dimensional Inkjet Printing Technology

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

Printed electronics rely on low-cost, large-area fabrication routes to create flexible or multidimensional electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical devices1-3. In this paper, we focus on one- (1D), two- (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) printing of conductive metallic inks in the form of flexible, stretchable, and spanning microelectrodes.
Direct-write assembly4,5 is a 1-to-3D printing technique that enables the fabrication of features ranging from simple lines to complex structures by the deposition of concentrated inks through fine nozzles (~0.1 - 250 &mu;m). This printing method consists of a computer-controlled 3-axis translation stage, an ink reservoir and nozzle, and 10x telescopic lens for visualization. Unlike inkjet printing, a droplet-based process, direct-write assembly involves the extrusion of ink filaments either in- or out-of-plane. The printed filaments typically conform to the nozzle size. Hence, microscale features (&lt; 1 &mu;m) can be patterned and assembled into larger arrays and multidimensional architectures.
In this paper, we first synthesize a highly concentrated silver nanoparticle ink for planar and 3D printing via direct-write assembly. Next, a standard protocol for printing microelectrodes in multidimensional motifs is demonstrated. Finally, applications of printed microelectrodes for electrically small antennas, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes are highlighted.

Planar and three-dimensional printing of conductive metallic inks is described. Our approach provides new avenues for fabricating printed electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical devices in unusual layouts at the microscale.

Impression Planar et en trois dimensions des encres conductrices

Printed electronics rely on low-cost, large-area fabrication routes to create flexible or multidimensional electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical ...

Recherche

Bio-ingénierie

Generation of a Three-dimensional Full Thickness Skin Equivalent and Automated Wounding

In vitro models are a cost effective and ethical alternative to study cutaneous wound healing processes. Moreover, by using human cells, these models reflect the human wound situation better than animal models. Although two-dimensional models are widely used to investigate processes such as cellular migration and proliferation, models that are more complex are required to gain a deeper knowledge about wound healing. Besides a suitable model system, the generation of precise and reproducible wounds is crucial to ensure comparable results between different test runs. In this study, the generation of a three-dimensional full thickness skin equivalent to study wound healing is shown. The dermal part of the models is comprised of human dermal fibroblast embedded in a rat-tail collagen type I hydrogel. Following the inoculation with human epidermal keratinocytes and consequent culture at the air-liquid interface, a multilayered epidermis is formed on top of the models. To study the wound healing process, we additionally developed an automated wounding device, which generates standardized wounds in a sterile atmosphere.

The goal of this protocol is to build up a three-dimensional full thickness skin equivalent, which resembles natural skin. With a specifically constructed automated wounding device, precise and reproducible wounds can be generated under maintenance of sterility.

Génération d&#39;une épaisseur en trois dimensions équivalent de peau et automatisé Blessant

In vitro models are a cost effective and ethical alternative to study cutaneous wound healing processes. Moreover, by using human cells, these models ...

Three-dimensional Biomimetic Technology: Novel Biorubber Creates Defined Micro- and Macro-scale Architectures in Collagen Hydrogels

Tissue scaffolds play a crucial role in the tissue regeneration process. The ideal scaffold must fulfill several requirements such as having proper composition, targeted modulus, and well-defined architectural features. Biomaterials that recapitulate the intrinsic architecture of in vivo tissue are vital for studying diseases as well as to facilitate the regeneration of lost and malformed soft tissue. A novel biofabrication technique was developed which combines state of the art imaging, three-dimensional (3D) printing, and selective enzymatic activity to create a new generation of biomaterials for research and clinical application. The developed material, Bovine Serum Albumin rubber, is reaction injected into a mold that upholds specific geometrical features. This sacrificial material allows the adequate transfer of architectural features to a natural scaffold material. The prototype consists of a 3D collagen scaffold with 4 and 3 mm channels that represent a branched architecture. This paper emphasizes the use of this biofabrication technique for the generation of natural constructs. This protocol utilizes a computer-aided software (CAD) to manufacture a solid mold which will be reaction injected with BSA rubber followed by the enzymatic digestion of the rubber, leaving its architectural features within the scaffold material.

An innovative biofabrication technique was developed to engineer three-dimensional constructs that resemble the architectural features, components, and mechanical properties of in vivo tissue. This technique features a newly developed sacrificial material, BSA rubber, which transfers detailed spatial features, reproducing the in vivo architectures of a wide variety of tissues.

Trois dimensions technologie biomimétique: Roman Biorubber Crée Défini micro et macro-échelle Architectures en collagène hydrogels

Tissue scaffolds play a crucial role in the tissue regeneration process. The ideal scaffold must fulfill several requirements such as having proper ...

Fabrication of Inverted Colloidal Crystal Poly(ethylene glycol) Scaffold: A Three-dimensional Cell Culture Platform for Liver Tissue Engineering

The ability to maintain hepatocyte function in vitro, for the purpose of testing xenobiotics&#39; cytotoxicity, studying virus infection and developing drugs targeted at the liver, requires a platform in which cells receive proper biochemical and mechanical cues. Recent liver tissue engineering systems have employed three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds composed of synthetic or natural hydrogels, given their high water retention and their ability to provide the mechanical stimuli needed by the cells. There has been growing interest in the inverted colloidal crystal (ICC) scaffold, a recent development, which allows high spatial organization, homotypic and heterotypic cell interaction, as well as cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction. Herein, we describe a protocol to fabricate the ICC scaffold using poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and the particle leaching method. Briefly, a lattice is made from microsphere particles, after which a pre-polymer solution is added, properly polymerized, and the particles are then removed, or leached, using an organic solvent (e.g., tetrahydrofuran). The dissolution of the lattice results in a highly porous scaffold with controlled pore sizes and interconnectivities that allow media to reach cells more easily. This unique structure allows high surface area for the cells to adhere to as well as easy communication between pores, and the ability to coat the PEGDA ICC scaffold with proteins also shows a marked effect on cell performance. We analyze the morphology of the scaffold as well as the hepatocarcinoma cell (Huh-7.5) behavior in terms of viability and function to explore the effect of ICC structure and ECM coatings. Overall, this paper provides a detailed protocol of an emerging scaffold that has wide applications in tissue engineering, especially liver tissue engineering.

Fabrication of Inverted Colloidal Crystal Polyethylene glycol Scaffold: A Three-dimensional Cell Culture Platform for Liver Tissue Engineering

This manuscript presents a detailed protocol for the fabrication of an emerging three-dimensional hepatocyte culture platform, the inverted colloidal crystal scaffold, and the concomitant techniques to assess hepatocyte behavior. The size-controllable pores, interconnectivity and ability to conjugate extracellular matrix proteins to the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) scaffold enhance Huh-7.5 cell performance.

Fabrication de Inverted colloïdal cristal Poly (éthylène glycol) Échafaudages: Une cellule plate-forme en trois dimensions de la culture pour l&#39;ingénierie tissulaire du foie

The ability to maintain hepatocyte function in vitro, for the purpose of testing xenobiotics&#39; cytotoxicity, studying virus infection and developing ...

Fabrication of Three-dimensional Paper-based Microfluidic Devices for Immunoassays

Paper wicks fluids autonomously due to capillary action. By patterning paper with hydrophobic barriers, the transport of fluids can be controlled and directed within a layer of paper. Moreover, stacking multiple layers of patterned paper creates sophisticated three-dimensional microfluidic networks that can support the development of analytical and bioanalytical assays. Paper-based microfluidic devices are inexpensive, portable, easy to use, and require no external equipment to operate. As a result, they hold great promise as a platform for point-of-care diagnostics. In order to properly evaluate the utility and analytical performance of paper-based devices, suitable methods must be developed to ensure their manufacture is reproducible and at a scale that is appropriate for laboratory settings. In this manuscript, a method to fabricate a general device architecture that can be used for paper-based immunoassays is described. We use a form of additive manufacturing (multi-layer lamination) to prepare devices that comprise multiple layers of patterned paper and patterned adhesive. In addition to demonstrating the proper use of these three-dimensional paper-based microfluidic devices with an immunoassay for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), errors in the manufacturing process that may result in device failures are discussed. We expect this approach to manufacturing paper-based devices will find broad utility in the development of analytical applications designed specifically for limited-resource settings.

We detail a method to fabricate three-dimensional paper-based microfluidic devices for use in the development of immunoassays. Our approach to device assembly is a type of multilayer, additive manufacturing. We demonstrate a sandwich immunoassay to provide representative results for these types of paper-based devices.

Fabrication de dispositifs microfluidiques à base de papier en trois dimensions pour les immunoessais

Paper wicks fluids autonomously due to capillary action. By patterning paper with hydrophobic barriers, the transport of fluids can be controlled and ...

Melt Electrospinning Writing of Three-dimensional Poly(&#949;-caprolactone) Scaffolds with Controllable Morphologies for Tissue Engineering Applications

This tutorial reflects on the fundamental principles and guidelines for electrospinning writing with polymer melts, an additive manufacturing technology with great potential for biomedical applications. The technique facilitates the direct deposition of biocompatible polymer fibers to fabricate well-ordered scaffolds in the sub-micron to micro scale range. The establishment of a stable, viscoelastic, polymer jet between a spinneret and a collector is achieved using an applied voltage and can be direct-written. A significant benefit of a typical porous scaffold is a high surface-to-volume ratio which provides increased effective adhesion sites for cell attachment and growth. Controlling the printing process by fine-tuning the system parameters enables high reproducibility in the quality of the printed scaffolds. It also provides a flexible manufacturing platform for users to tailor the morphological structures of the scaffolds to their specific requirements. For this purpose, we present a protocol to obtain different fiber diameters using melt electrospinning writing (MEW) with a guided amendment of the parameters, including flow rate, voltage and collection speed. Furthermore, we demonstrate how to optimize the jet, discuss often experienced technical challenges, explain troubleshooting techniques and showcase a wide range of printable scaffold architectures.

Melt Electrospinning Writing of Three-dimensional Poly(&amp;#949;-caprolactone) Scaffolds with Controllable Morphologies for Tissue Engineering Applications

This protocol serves as a comprehensive guideline to fabricate scaffolds via electrospinning with polymer melts in a direct writing mode. We systematically outline the process and define the appropriate parameter settings for achieving targeted scaffold architectures.

Faire fondre électrofilage écrit d’échafaudages Poly(ε-caprolactone) en trois dimensions avec des Morphologies contrôlables pour les Applications de génie tissulaire

This tutorial reflects on the fundamental principles and guidelines for electrospinning writing with polymer melts, an additive manufacturing technology ...

Culturing Mammalian Cells in Three-dimensional Peptide Scaffolds

A useful technique for culturing cells in a self-assembling nanofiber three-dimensional (3D) scaffold is described. This culture system recreates an environment that closely mimics the structural features of non-polarized tissue. Furthermore, the particular intrinsic nanofiber structure of the scaffold makes it transparent to visual light, which allows for easy visualization of the sample under microscopy. This advantage was largely used to study cell migration, organization, proliferation, and differentiation and thus any development of their particular cellular function by staining with specific dyes or probes. Furthermore, in this work, we describe the good performance of this system to easily study the redifferentiation of expanded human articular chondrocytes into cartilaginous tissue. Cells were encapsulated into self-assembling peptide scaffolds and cultured under specific conditions to promote chondrogenesis. Three-dimensional cultures showed good viability during the 4 weeks of the experiment. As expected, samples cultured with chondrogenic inducers (compared to non-induced controls) stained strongly positive for toluidine blue (which stains glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that are highly present in cartilage extracellular matrix) and expressed specific molecular markers, including collagen type I, II and X, according to Western Blot analysis. This protocol is easy to perform and can be used at research laboratories, industries and for educational purposes in laboratory courses.

Here, we present a protocol to obtain 3D-culture systems in self-assembling peptide scaffolds to promote the differentiation of dedifferentiated human articular chondrocytes into cartilage-like tissue.

Culture de cellules mammifères dans les échafaudages de Peptide en trois dimensions

A useful technique for culturing cells in a self-assembling nanofiber three-dimensional (3D) scaffold is described. This culture system recreates an ...

Three-dimensional Printing of Thermoplastic Materials to Create Automated Syringe Pumps with Feedback Control for Microfluidic Applications

Microfluidics has become a critical tool in research across the biological, chemical, and physical sciences. One important component of microfluidic experimentation is a stable fluid handling system capable of accurately providing an inlet flow rate or inlet pressure. Here, we have developed a syringe pump system capable of controlling and regulating the inlet fluid pressure delivered to a microfluidic device. This system was designed using low-cost materials and additive manufacturing principles, leveraging three-dimensional (3D) printing of thermoplastic materials and off-the-shelf components whenever possible. This system is composed of three main components: a syringe pump, a pressure transducer, and a programmable microcontroller. Within this paper, we detail a set of protocols for fabricating, assembling, and programming this syringe pump system. Furthermore, we have included representative results that demonstrate high-fidelity, feedback control of inlet pressure using this system. We expect this protocol will allow researchers to fabricate low-cost syringe pump systems, lowering the entry barrier for the use of microfluidics in biomedical, chemical, and materials research.

Here we present a protocol to construct a pressure-controlled syringe pump to be used in microfluidic applications. This syringe pump is made from an&#160;additively manufactured body, off-the-shelf hardware, and open-source electronics. The resulting system is low-cost, straightforward to build, and delivers well-regulated fluid flow to enable rapid microfluidic research.

En trois dimensions d’impression de matériaux thermoplastiques pour créer automatisé pompes à seringue avec commande de rétroaction pour des Applications de microfluidique

Microfluidics has become a critical tool in research across the biological, chemical, and physical sciences. One important component of microfluidic ...

Fabrication of Decellularized Cartilage-derived Matrix Scaffolds

Osteochondral defects lack sufficient intrinsic repair capacity to regenerate functionally sound bone and cartilage tissue. To this extent, cartilage research has focused on the development of regenerative scaffolds. This article describes the development of scaffolds that are completely derived from natural cartilage extracellular matrix, coming from an equine donor. Potential applications of the scaffolds include producing allografts for cartilage repair, serving as a scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering, and providing in vitro models to study tissue formation. By decellularizing the tissue, the donor cells are removed, but many of the natural bioactive cues are thought to be retained. The main advantage of using such a natural scaffold in comparison to a synthetically produced scaffold is that no further functionalization of polymers is required to drive osteochondral tissue regeneration. The cartilage-derived matrix scaffolds can be used for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration in both in vivo and in vitro settings.

Decellularized cartilage-derived scaffolds can be used as a scaffold to guide cartilage repair and as a means to regenerate osteochondral tissue. This paper describes the decellularization process in detail and provides suggestions to use these scaffolds in in vitro settings.

Fabrication d’échafaudages Decellularise dérivé de Cartilage Matrix

Osteochondral defects lack sufficient intrinsic repair capacity to regenerate functionally sound bone and cartilage tissue. To this extent, cartilage ...

Pancreatic Tissue-Derived Extracellular Matrix Bioink for Printing 3D Cell-Laden Pancreatic Tissue Constructs

The transplantation of pancreatic islets is a promising treatment for patients who suffer from type 1 diabetes accompanied by hypoglycemia and secondary complications. However, islet transplantation still has several limitations such as the low viability of transplanted islets due to poor islet engraftment and hostile environments. In addition, the insulin-producing cells differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells have limited ability to secrete sufficient hormones that can regulate the blood glucose level; therefore, improving the maturation by culturing cells with proper microenvironmental cues is strongly required. In this article, we elucidate protocols for preparing a pancreatic tissue-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (pdECM) bioink to provide a beneficial microenvironment that can increase glucose sensitivity of pancreatic islets, followed by describing the processes for generating 3D pancreatic tissue constructs using a microextrusion-based bioprinting technique.

Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) can provide suitable microenvironmental cues to recapitulate the inherent functions of target tissues in an engineered construct. This article elucidates the protocols for the decellularization of pancreatic tissue, evaluation of pancreatic tissue-derived dECM bioink, and generation of 3D pancreatic tissue constructs using a bioprinting technique.

Bioink extracellulaire de matrice de tissu pancréatique-dérivé pour l'impression 3D Cell-Laden Pancréatique Tissue Constructs

The transplantation of pancreatic islets is a promising treatment for patients who suffer from type 1 diabetes accompanied by hypoglycemia and secondary ...