JS and UMN acknowledge funding by the Volkswagen Foundation (Az. 84905). We thank the University of Marburg for funding participant reimbursements and the Universitaetsstiftung of the University of Marburg for funding the biochemical analyses. Furthermore, we thank Johanna M. Doerr for her contribution to the study design and Nadine Skoluda for her involvement in the analysis of the saliva samples.

<ol>
	<li>Pelletier, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+music+on+decreasing+arousal+due+to+stress:+a+meta-analysis.">The effect of music on decreasing arousal due to stress: a meta-analysis.</a> J Music Ther. 41 (3), 192-214 (2004).</li><li>Chanda, M. L., Levitin, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+neurochemistry+of+music.">The neurochemistry of music.</a> Trends Cogn Sci. 17 (4), 179-193 (2013).</li><li>Thoma, M. V., Nater, U. M., Costa, A., Villalba, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Horizons in Neuroscience Research. 6, (2011).</li><li>North, A. C., Hargreaves, D., Hargreaves, J. 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The authors have nothing to disclose.

Ici, un protocole d&#39;étude est présenté sur la façon d&#39;étudier les effets de l&#39;écoute de la musique sur le stress psychobiologique dans la vie quotidienne. L&#39;avantage de la conception de l&#39;évaluation ambulatoire est que les effets de l&#39;écoute de la musique sur le stress peuvent être étudiés dans l&#39;habitat naturel des participants, alors qu&#39;ils vont à leur routine quotidienne. Comme ce protocole d&#39;étude évalue l&#39;écoute de musique passé et...

L&#39; écoute de la musique est associée à diminuer le stress des effets 1, 2. Cependant, la plupart des études précédentes ont été menées dans un cadre expérimental, enquête populations hautement sélectifs des patients. En particulier, de nombreuses études ont été établies dans des contextes chirurgicaux, dans lequel l&#39; écoute de musique se produit avant, pendant, ou après une procédure stressante 3. Bien que certaines de ces études montrent des effets bénéfiques de l&#39;écoute de la musique, les résultats restent équivoques. Cela peut être dû à un certain nombre de raisons méthodologiques ( par exemple différentes méthodes d&#39;étude et différents modèles d&#39;étude peut conduire à des résultats différents). Par exemple, le cadre artificiel d&#39;une étude en laboratoire, il est difficile de savoir si les résultats de ces études expérimentales peuvent être transférées à des environnements réels. Comme l&#39; écoute de la musique est une activité populaire de la vie quotidienne 4 qui est souvent utilisé pour se détendredes fins de ation 5, 6, 7, il est de la plus haute importance d&#39;étudier les effets de la musique d&#39; écoute sur le stress psychobiologique (et ses mécanismes sous - jacents potentiels) dans les milieux de vie de tous les jours qui sont caractérisés par une forte validité écologique. Les études établies dans la vie quotidienne sont souvent désignés comme des évaluations écologiques momentanés (EMA), Expérience Méthodes d&#39; échantillonnage (ESM), ou évaluations ambulatoires (liste AA) 8. Commun à toutes ces approches réside dans le fait que les données sont saisies à plusieurs reprises au fil du temps dans l&#39;environnement du monde réel des participants. Selon Shiffman, Pierre et Hufford 9, les études prévues dans la vie quotidienne permettent donc (a) caractérisant les différences individuelles, (b) décrivant l&#39; histoire naturelle, (c) l&#39; évaluation des associations contextuelles, et (d) la documentation des séquences temporelles. Par conséquent, il est possible d&#39;étudier les relations dynamiquesparmi les variables d&#39;intérêt avec un minimum de biais de rappel et un maximum de validité écologique 9. Bien que les termes EMA, ESM et AA sont souvent utilisés de façon interchangeable, certaines distinctions doivent être faites 8. Considérant que l&#39; EMA et ESM se réfèrent à l&#39;évaluation des auto-évaluations subjectives, AA est défini comme étant l&#39;évaluation simultanée des auto-rapports, dossiers de comportement et / ou des mesures physiologiques dans la vie quotidienne alors que les participants vont de leur routine quotidienne 10. Des études AA sont caractérisées par des mesures répétées d&#39;expériences et de comportements actuels en conjonction avec des données physiologiques 11. En outre, AA permet la mesure du stress dans la vie quotidienne dans une perspective psychobiologique, comme l&#39;auto-rapports et les marqueurs physiologiques peuvent être évalués dans l&#39;habitat naturel des participants. L&#39;axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-surrénalien (HPA) et le système nerveux autonome (SNA) are deux systèmes sensibles au stress de premier plan dans le corps. L&#39;axe HPA est responsable de la réponse au stress du système endocrinien. Lorsque vous rencontrez le stress, cet axe est activé. Cette activation peut être mesurée par la sécrétion de l&#39;hormone cortisol. La réponse au stress autonome peut être mesurée par l&#39;intermédiaire d&#39;une gamme de marqueurs autonomes, tels que la fréquence cardiaque et de la conductance de la peau. Un nombre relativement nouveau biomarqueur reflétant l&#39;activité du SNA est l&#39;enzyme salivaire l&#39; alpha-amylase 12. Deux axe HPA et ANS activité peut être mesurée de façon non invasive , et de manière concomitante dans la salive au moyen de Cortisol salivaire et de l&#39; alpha-amylase salivaire, respectivement 13. Les études établies dans la vie quotidienne englobant à la fois subjective ainsi que des marqueurs physiologiques du stress sont encore rares, comme la plupart des études sur la musique d&#39; écoute dans la vie quotidienne reposent sur des rapports subjectifs 6, 7, 14 &lt;/ sup&gt;, 15, 16, 17. De ces études, on peut conclure que l&#39; écoute de la musique est une activité populaire de la vie quotidienne 15, 17 qui est associée à des effets bénéfiques pour le bien-être subjectif 6, 7, 18. Le plus intéressant, de nombreuses études montrent que la musique d&#39; écoute dans la vie quotidienne est associée à des sentiments subjectifs de détente 6, 7. En outre, la relaxation est une raison commune pour la musique d&#39; écoute dans la vie quotidienne 6. D&#39;autre part, les études ambulatoires d&#39;évaluation sur l&#39;effet de réduction du stress de l&#39;écoute de la musique - en particulier ceux englobant à la fois des indicateurs psychologiques ainsi que physiologiques du stress - sont très rares. Nous avons précédemment montré en tDeux études d&#39;évaluation ambulatoire que l&#39; écoute de la musique est associée à un effet de réduction du stress chez les participants en bonne santé 19, 20. Contrairement à ces résultats chez les jeunes adultes en bonne santé, nous ne sommes pas en mesure de trouver un effet de réduction du stress de l&#39; écoute de la musique dans un échantillon de patient 21. Ainsi, il est particulièrement important d&#39;étudier les effets de la musique à écouter dans la vie quotidienne en utilisant l&#39;évaluation ambulatoire, car cette approche permet l&#39;examen d&#39;un large éventail de situations dans lesquelles l&#39;écoute de musique se produit avec une haute résolution temporelle (par rapport à une situation artificielle une expérience) et de haute validité externe. Au moyen d&#39;études d&#39;évaluation ambulatoire, il est possible d&#39;étudier les facteurs contextuels qui influent sur les effets de la musique à écouter dans la vie quotidienne. Dans le même temps, les mécanismes sous-jacents peuvent être étudiés au moyen d&#39;évaluer de façon concomitante les paramètres physiologiques. Cette approche rend possible de démêler les mécanismes complexes qui sous-tendent l&#39;effet de la musique à réduire le stress d&#39;écoute dans la vie quotidienne. Ce protocole montre comment évaluer les effets de la musique à l&#39;écoute sur le stress psychobiologique dans la vie quotidienne en élaborant sur (1) la conception de l&#39;étude, (2) les matériaux et méthodes, (3) la sélection des participants, et (4) des considérations statistiques, basé sur la Les études mentionnées ci - dessus 19, 20, 21.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1704">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:216px;">SaliCap Set</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Tecan (IBL)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">RE69985</td>
			<td style="width:1227px;">Sampling tubes for collection of saliva samples to be used in the IBL Saliva Immunoassays</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Cortisol Saliva ELISA</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Tecan (IBL)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">RE52611</td>
			<td>Enzyme Immunoassay for the quantitative determination of free cortisol in human saliva</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:216px;">Calibrator f.a.s. w/o diluent</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Roche Diagnostics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10759350190</td>
			<td>Ready-for-use calibrator consisting of a buffered description aqueous solution with biological materials added as required to obtain desired component levels.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Precinorm U</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Roche Diagnostics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10171743122</td>
			<td>Ready-for-use control</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Precipath U</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Roche Diagnostics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10171760122</td>
			<td>Ready-for-use control</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">AMY EPS HIT 917 liquid</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Roche Diagnostics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11876473 316</td>
			<td>R1: &#945;-glucosidase; R2: 4,6-ethylidene-(G7) p-nitrophenyl-(G1)-&#945;,D-maltoheptaoside</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="78">
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td colspan="4" height="78" style="height:78px;width:1704px;">further materials include typical laboratory utensils, e.g., micropipettes, oribtal shaker, vortex mixer, 8-channel micropipettor, wash bottle, automated or semi-automated microtiter plate washing system, precision scale, microtiter plate reader capable of reading absorbance&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Apple iPod touch, 8GB, 5th Generation&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Apple Inc.&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">n/a</td>
			<td>mobile diary device</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">iDialogPad&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Mutz Elektronik Entwicklung</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">n/a</td>
			<td>software for programming items occuring in the ambulatory assessment</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

assessing the effects of music listening on psychobiological stress in daily life

l&#39;écoute de la musique est associée à des effets de réduction du stress. Cependant, la plupart des résultats sur l&#39;écoute de musique et le stress ont été rassemblés dans un cadre expérimental. Comme l&#39;écoute de la musique est une activité populaire de la vie quotidienne, il est d&#39;une importance capitale pour étudier les effets de l&#39;écoute de la musique sur le stress psychobiologique dans un quotidien, le réglage quotidien de la vie. Ici, un protocole d&#39;étude est présentée qui permet l&#39;évaluation des associations entre l&#39;écoute de musique et le stress psychobiologique dans la vie quotidienne en mesurant noninvasively cortisol salivaire (comme un marqueur de l&#39;axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-surrénalien (HHS)) et alpha-amylase salivaire (comme un marqueur du système nerveux autonome (SNA)). Le protocole comprend des conseils sur la conception de l&#39; étude (par exemple, le protocole d&#39;échantillonnage), les matériaux et les méthodes (par exemple, l&#39;évaluation du stress psychobiologique dans la vie quotidienne, l&#39;évaluation de l&#39; écoute de la musique, et le manuel), la sélection des participants (par exemple, approbation dela commission d&#39; examen et critères d&#39;inclusion) des institutions, et les analyses statistiques (par exemple, l&#39;approche multi - niveaux). Les résultats représentatifs fournissent des preuves pour un effet de la musique à réduire le stress d&#39;écoute dans la vie quotidienne. En particulier, les raisons spécifiques pour écouter de la musique (en particulier la détente), ainsi que la présence d&#39;autres personnes tout en faisant ainsi, augmenter cet effet de réduction du stress. Dans le même temps, écouter de la musique dans la vie quotidienne affecte différemment l&#39;axe HPA et ANS fonctionnement, soulignant ainsi la nécessité d&#39;une évaluation multi-dimensionnelle de stress dans la vie quotidienne.

Ce protocole est destiné à fournir un exemple de la façon dont les effets de la musique à l&#39;écoute sur le stress psychobiologique dans la vie quotidienne peuvent être examinées. Les procédures sont conçues pour étudier les associations entre l&#39;écoute de musique, les rapports de stress subjectifs, la sécrétion de cortisol salivaire, et l&#39;activité des alpha-amylase salivaire. Les résultats représentat...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessing the Effects of Music Listening on Psychobiological Stress in Daily Life at JoVE.com

Assessing the Effects of Music Listening on Psychobiological Stress in Daily Life

A study protocol is presented on how to assess associations between music listening and psychobiological stress (as measured by subjective stress levels, salivary cortisol, and salivary alpha-amylase) in daily life. Advice on study design, materials, methods, selection of participants, and statistical handling is provided. Representative results are presented and discussed.

Évaluation des effets de la musique d&#39;écoute sur le stress psychobiologique dans la vie quotidienne

Music listening is associated with stress-reducing effects. However, most of the results on music listening and stress were gathered in experimental ...

assessing-effects-music-listening-on-psychobiological-stress-daily

Research

Education

JoVE Core

JoVE Journal

Introduction to Psychology

Behavior

Unit 1

Stress and Lifestyle

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

13.1K vues.  University of Marburg. A study protocol is presented on how to assess associations between music listening and psychobiological stress (as measured by subjective stress levels, salivary cortisol, and salivary alpha-amylase) in daily life. Advice on study design, materials, methods, selection of participants, and statistical handling is provided. Representative results are presented and discussed. 

Vidéo: Assessing the Effects of Music Listening on Psychobiological Stress in Daily Life

Uncovering Beat Deafness: Detecting Rhythm Disorders with Synchronized Finger Tapping and Perceptual Timing Tasks

A set of behavioral tasks for assessing perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) is presented here with the goal of uncovering rhythm disorders, such as beat deafness. Beat deafness is characterized by poor performance in perceiving durations in auditory rhythmic patterns or poor synchronization of movement with auditory rhythms (e.g., with musical beats). These tasks include the synchronization of finger tapping to the beat of simple and complex auditory stimuli and the detection of rhythmic irregularities (anisochrony detection task) embedded in the same stimuli. These tests, which are easy to administer, include an assessment of both perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities under different conditions (e.g., beat rates and types of auditory material) and are based on the same auditory stimuli, ranging from a simple metronome to a complex musical excerpt. The analysis of synchronized tapping data is performed with circular statistics, which provide reliable measures of synchronization accuracy (e.g., the difference between the timing of the taps and the timing of the pacing stimuli) and consistency. Circular statistics on tapping data are particularly well-suited for detecting individual differences in the general population. Synchronized tapping and anisochrony detection are sensitive measures for identifying profiles of rhythm disorders and have been used with success to uncover cases of poor synchronization with spared perceptual timing. This systematic assessment of perceptual and sensorimotor timing can be extended to populations of patients with brain damage, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson&#8217;s disease), and developmental disorders (e.g., Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder).

Behavioral tasks that allow for the assessment of perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) are presented. Synchronization of finger tapping to the beat of an auditory stimuli and detecting rhythmic irregularities provides a means of uncovering rhythm disorders.

Découvrir beat Surdité: détection des troubles du rythme avec le doigt taraudage synchronisé et tâches de temporisation perceptuelles

A set of behavioral tasks for assessing perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) is presented here ...

Recherche

Sciences du comportement

Mindfulness in Motion (MIM): An Onsite Mindfulness Based Intervention (MBI) for Chronically High Stress Work Environments to Increase Resiliency and Work Engagement

A pragmatic mindfulness intervention to benefit personnel working in chronically high-stress environments, delivered onsite during the workday, is timely and valuable to employee and employer alike. Mindfulness in Motion (MIM) is a Mindfulness Based Intervention (MBI) offered as a modified, less time intensive method (compared to Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction), delivered onsite, during work, and intends to enable busy working adults to experience the benefits of mindfulness. It teaches mindful awareness principles, rehearses mindfulness as a group, emphasizes the use of gentle yoga stretches, and utilizes relaxing music in the background of both the group sessions and individual mindfulness practice. MIM is delivered in a group format, for 1 hr/week/8 weeks. CDs and a DVD are provided to facilitate individual practice. The yoga movement is emphasized in the protocol to facilitate a quieting of the mind. The music is included for participants to associate the relaxed state experienced in the group session with their individual practice. To determine the intervention feasibility/efficacy we conducted a randomized wait-list control group in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). ICUs represent a high-stress work environment where personnel experience chronic exposure to catastrophic situations as they care for seriously injured/ill patients. Despite high levels of work-related stress, few interventions have been developed and delivered onsite for such environments. The intervention is delivered on site in the ICU, during work hours, with participants receiving time release to attend sessions. The intervention is well received with 97% retention rate. Work engagement and resiliency increase significantly in the intervention group, compared to the wait-list control group, while participant respiration rates decrease significantly pre-post in 6/8 of the weekly sessions. Participants value institutional support, relaxing music, and the instructor as pivotal to program success. This provides evidence that MIM is feasible, well accepted, and can be effectively implemented in a chronically high-stress work environment.

Mindfulness in Motion MIM: An Onsite Mindfulness Based Intervention MBI for Chronically High Stress Work Environments to Increase Resiliency and Work Engagement

The Mindfulness in Motion (MIM) protocol offers a pragmatic Mindfulness Based Intervention (MBI) on-site, for persons working in chronically high-stress work environments that significantly increases resiliency and work engagement. The protocol has proven feasible, beneficial, and is easily adaptable to other high-stress workplaces.

Mindfulness in Motion (MIM): Une place Intervention Mindfulness Basé (MBI) pour les environnements de travail chroniquement élevés de stress pour augmenter la résilience et le travail d&#39;engagement

A pragmatic mindfulness intervention to benefit personnel working in chronically high-stress environments, delivered onsite during the workday, is timely ...

Applying Stereotactic Injection Technique to Study Genetic Effects on Animal Behaviors

Stereotactic injection is a useful technique to deliver high titer lentiviruses to targeted brain areas in mice. Lentiviruses can either overexpress or knockdown gene expression in a relatively focused region without significant damage to the brain tissue. After recovery, the injected mouse can be tested on various behavioral tasks such as the Open Field Test (OFT) and the Forced Swim Test (FST). The OFT is designed to assess locomotion and the anxious phenotype in mice by measuring the amount of time that a mouse spends in the center of a novel open field. A more anxious mouse will spend significantly less time in the center of the novel field compared to controls. The FST assesses the anti-depressive phenotype by quantifying the amount of time that mice spend immobile when placed into a bucket of water. A mouse with an anti-depressive phenotype will spend significantly less time immobile compared to control animals. The goal of this protocol is to use the stereotactic injection of a lentivirus in conjunction with behavioral tests to assess how genetic factors modulate animal behaviors.

Stereotactic injection of lentiviruses expressing cDNAs or shRNAs can modulate gene expression in specific brain areas of mice. Here, we present a protocol to combine stereotactic injections with behavioral tasks, such as the Open Field Test (OFT) and the Forced Swim Test (FST).

Application Technique d&#39;injection stéréotaxique pour étudier les effets génétiques sur les comportements des animaux

Stereotactic injection is a useful technique to deliver high titer lentiviruses to targeted brain areas in mice. Lentiviruses can either overexpress or ...

Evaluation of a Smartphone-based Human Activity Recognition System in a Daily Living Environment

An evaluation method that includes continuous activities in a daily-living environment was developed for Wearable Mobility Monitoring Systems (WMMS) that attempt to recognize user activities. Participants performed a pre-determined set of daily living actions within a continuous test circuit that included mobility activities (walking, standing, sitting, lying, ascending/descending stairs), daily living tasks (combing hair, brushing teeth, preparing food, eating, washing dishes), and subtle environment changes (opening doors, using an elevator, walking on inclines, traversing staircase landings, walking outdoors). 
To evaluate WMMS performance on this circuit, fifteen able-bodied participants completed the tasks while wearing a smartphone at their right front pelvis. The WMMS application used smartphone accelerometer and gyroscope signals to classify activity states. A gold standard comparison data set was created by video-recording each trial and manually logging activity onset times. Gold standard and WMMS data were analyzed offline. Three classification sets were calculated for each circuit: (i) mobility or immobility, ii) sit, stand, lie, or walking, and (iii) sit, stand, lie, walking, climbing stairs, or small standing movement. Sensitivities, specificities, and F-Scores for activity categorization and changes-of-state were calculated.
The mobile versus immobile classification set had a sensitivity of 86.30% &#177; 7.2% and specificity of 98.96% &#177; 0.6%, while the second prediction set had a sensitivity of 88.35% &#177; 7.80% and specificity of 98.51% &#177; 0.62%. For the third classification set, sensitivity was 84.92% &#177; 6.38% and specificity was 98.17 &#177; 0.62. F1 scores for the first, second and third classification sets were 86.17 &#177; 6.3, 80.19 &#177; 6.36, and 78.42 &#177; 5.96, respectively. This demonstrates that WMMS performance depends on the evaluation protocol in addition to the algorithms. The demonstrated protocol can be used and tailored for evaluating human activity recognition systems in rehabilitation medicine where mobility monitoring may be beneficial in clinical decision-making.

A standardized evaluation method was developed for Wearable Mobility Monitoring Systems (WMMS) that includes continuous activities in a realistic daily living environment. Testing with a series of daily living activities can decrease activity recognition sensitivity; therefore, realistic testing circuits are encouraged for valid evaluation of WMMS performance.

Évaluation d&#39;un système de reconnaissance de l&#39;activité humaine basée à Smartphone dans un milieu de vie quotidien

An evaluation method that includes continuous activities in a daily-living environment was developed for Wearable Mobility Monitoring Systems (WMMS) that ...

The Social Dimension of Stress: Experimental Manipulations of Social Support and Social Identity in the Trier Social Stress Test

In many situations humans are influenced by the behavior of other people and their relationships with them. For example, in stressful situations supportive behavior of other people as well as positive social relationships can act as powerful resources to cope with stress. In order to study the interplay between these variables, this protocol describes two effective experimental manipulations of social relationships and supportive behavior in the laboratory. In the present article, these two manipulations are implemented in the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST)&#8212;a standard stress induction paradigm in which participants are subjected to a simulated job interview. More precisely, we propose (a) a manipulation of the relationship between different protagonists in the TSST by making a shared social identity salient and (b) a manipulation of the behavior of the TSST-selection committee, which acts either supportively or unsupportively. These two experimental manipulations are designed in a modular fashion and can be applied independently of each other but can also be combined. Moreover, these two manipulations can also be integrated into other stress protocols and into other standardized social interactions such as trust games, negotiation tasks, or other group tasks.

Previous research on the social dimension of stress has focused on two important variables: social identity and social support. This protocol introduces an effective experimental manipulation of these two social variables and describes their implementation in a standard stress induction paradigm (Trier Social Stress Test).

La dimension sociale du stress: Manipulations expérimentales de soutien social et l&#39;identité sociale dans le Trier Social Stress Test

In many situations humans are influenced by the behavior of other people and their relationships with them. For example, in stressful situations ...

Driving Under the Influence: How Music Listening Affects Driving Behaviors

Car driving is a daily activity for many individuals in modern societies. Drivers often listen to music while driving. The method presented here investigates how listening to music influences driving behaviors. A driving simulation was selected because it offers both a well-controlled environment and a good level of ecological validity. Driving behaviors were assessed through a car-following task. In practice, participants were instructed to follow a lead vehicle as they would do in real life. The lead vehicle speed changed over time requiring constant speed adjustments for the participants. The inter-vehicular time was used to assess driving behaviors. To complement the driving behaviors, the subjective mood and physiological level of arousal were also collected. As such, the results collected using this method offer insights on both the human internal state (i.e., subjective mood and physiological arousal) and driving behaviors in the car following task.

Here, we present a protocol to assess driving behaviors while following a vehicle in a simulated driving environment. The presented protocol is used to compare the impact of different auditory backgrounds on driving behaviors.

Conduite sous l’Influence : Comment écouter de la musique affecte les comportements au volant

Car driving is a daily activity for many individuals in modern societies. Drivers often listen to music while driving. The method presented here ...

Behavioral Approaches to Studying Innate Stress in Zebrafish

Responding appropriately to stressful stimuli is essential for survival of an organism. Extensive research has been done on a wide spectrum of stress-related diseases and psychiatric disorders, yet further studies into the genetic and neuronal regulation of stress are still required to develop better therapeutics. The zebrafish provides a powerful genetic model to investigate the neural underpinnings of stress, as there exists a large collection of mutant and transgenic lines. Moreover, pharmacology can easily be applied to zebrafish, as most drugs can be added directly to water. We describe here the use of the 'novel tank test' as a method to study innate stress responses in zebrafish, and demonstrate how potential anxiolytic drugs can be validated using the assay. The method can easily be coupled with zebrafish lines harboring genetic mutations, or those in which transgenic approaches for manipulating precise neural circuits are used. The assay can also be used in other fish models. Together, the described protocol should facilitate the adoption of this simple assay to other laboratories.

This manuscript describes a simple method to measure stress behaviorally in adult zebrafish. The approach takes advantage of the innate tendency that zebrafish prefer the bottom half of a tank when in a stressful state. We also describe methods for coupling the assay with pharmacology.

Approches comportementales pour étudier le stress inné dans le Zébrafish

Responding appropriately to stressful stimuli is essential for survival of an organism. Extensive research has been done on a wide spectrum of ...

Assessing the Influence of Personality on Sensitivity to Magnetic Fields in Zebrafish

To orient themselves in their environment, animals integrate a wide array of external cues, which interact with several internal factors, such as personality. Here, we describe a behavioral protocol designed for the study of the influence of zebrafish personality on their orientation response to multiple external environmental cues, specifically water currents and magnetic fields. This protocol aims to understand whether proactive or reactive zebrafish display different rheotactic thresholds (i.e., the flow speed at which the fish start swimming upstream) when the surrounding magnetic field changes its direction. To identify zebrafish with the same personality, fish are introduced in the dark half of a tank connected with a narrow opening to a bright half. Only proactive fish explore the novel, bright environment. Reactive fish do not exit the dark half of the tank. A swimming tunnel with low flow rates is used to determine the rheotactic threshold. We describe two setups to control the magnetic field in the tunnel, in the range of the earth&#8217;s magnetic field intensity: one that controls the magnetic field along the flow direction (one dimension) and one that allows a three-axial control of the magnetic field. Fish are filmed while experiencing a stepwise increase of the flow speed in the tunnel under different magnetic fields. Data on the orientation behavior are collected through a video-tracking procedure and applied to a logistic model to allow the determination of the rheotactic threshold. We report representative results collected from shoaling zebrafish. Specifically, these demonstrate that only reactive, prudent fish show variations of the rheotactic threshold when the magnetic field varies in its direction, while proactive fish do not respond to magnetic field changes. This methodology can be applied to the study of magnetic sensitivity and rheotactic behavior of many aquatic species, both displaying solitary or shoaling swimming strategies.

We describe a behavioral protocol designed to assess how zebrafish&#8217;s personalities influence their response to water currents and weak magnetic fields. Fishes with the same personalities are separated based on their explorative behavior. Then, their rheotactic orientation behavior in a swimming tunnel with a low flow rate and under different magnetic conditions is observed.

Évaluer l’Influence de la personnalité sur la sensibilité aux champs magnétiques chez le poisson zèbre

To orient themselves in their environment, animals integrate a wide array of external cues, which interact with several internal factors, such as ...

Assessing the Autonomic and Behavioral Effects of Passive Motion in Rats using Elevator Vertical Motion and Ferris-Wheel Rotation

The overall goal of this study is to assess the autonomic and behavioral effects of passive motion in rodents using the elevator vertical motion and Ferris-wheel rotation devices. These assays can help confirm the integrity and normal functioning of the autonomic nervous system. They are coupled to quantitative measures based on defecation counting, open-field examination, and balance beam crossing. The advantages of these assays are their simplicity, reproducibility, and quantitative behavioral measures. The limitations of these assays are that the autonomic reactions could be epiphenomena of non-vestibular disorders and that a functioning vestibular system is required. Examination of disorders such as motion sickness will be greatly aided by the detailed procedures of these assays.

Protocols are presented to assess the autonomic and behavioral effects of passive motion in rodents using elevator vertical motion and Ferris-wheel rotation.

Évaluation des effets autonomes et comportementaux du mouvement passif chez les rats à l’aide du mouvement vertical de l’ascenseur et de la rotation ferris-roue

The overall goal of this study is to assess the autonomic and behavioral effects of passive motion in rodents using the elevator vertical motion and ...

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Valid and efficient measures for assessing the quality of parent-child relationships are needed to facilitate research and evidence-based practice with parents. This paper focuses on such a method, namely Five-Minute Speech Sample-Coherence (FMSS-Coherence). In this method, a parent is asked to speak for five uninterrupted minutes about her/his child and their relationship. The resulted narrative is coded for coherence, namely the extent to which the parent provides&#160;in the narrative&#160;a clear, consistent, multidimensional and well-supported portrayal of the child. FMSS-Coherence is based on attachment research that shows that the coherence of parents&#8217; narratives is indicative of the quality of the parent-child relationship and child adjustment. It overcomes the limitations of attachment narrative measures which are typically labor intensive. FMSS-Coherence is less nuanced than extant attachment narrative measures. Yet, studies of families from different cultural backgrounds, across different child ages and in the context of typically developing children as well as children with special needs suggest that coherence can be reliably evaluated using the FMSS procedure. Furthermore, parents&#8217; FMSS-Coherence is associated with parenting quality and children&#8217;s socio-emotional adjustment. Thus, it holds promise for researchers and practitioners who seek a relatively time- and cost-effective method for assessing the coherence of parents&#8217; narratives regarding their child.

This paper introduces a method for assessing the coherence of parents' short narratives regarding their child and their relationship using the five-minute speech sample procedure.

Évaluer la cohérence des récits courts des parents concernant leur enfant à l'aide de la procédure d'échantillonnage de la parole de cinq minutes

Valid and efficient measures for assessing the quality of parent-child relationships are needed to facilitate research and evidence-based practice with ...

Methods Article

Évaluation des effets de la musique d'écoute sur le stress psychobiologique dans la vie quotidienne