Name: phthalic acid ester-binding dna aptamer selection, characterization, and application to an electrochemical aptasensor
Uploaded: 2018-03-21T12:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 33 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Phthalic Acid Ester-Binding DNA Aptamer Selection, Characterization, and Application to an Electrochemical Aptasensor at JoVE.com

Nous sommes reconnaissants pour le soutien financier de la Fondation nationale des sciences naturelles (21675112), projet clé du plan sciences et technologies de la Commission de l’éducation de Pékin (KZ201710028027) et Yanjing jeune savant programme de Capital Normal University.

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Les auteurs ne déclarent aucun intérêt financier concurrente.

Un des avantages exceptionnels d’aptamères sont qu’ils sont identifiés par le biais de la méthode in vitro SELEX, tandis que les anticorps sont générés via in vivo immunoreactions. Par conséquent, aptamères sont sélectionnables avec spécificité de cible souhaitée dans des conditions expérimentales bien conçues, alors que les anticorps se limitent aux conditions physiologiques.
Pour faciliter la séparation des séquences liées des séquences gratuits, SELEX...

Ainsi que le développement économique rapide, accélération de l’industrialisation et la construction urbaine, pollution de l’environnement est plus sévère que jamais. Les polluants environnementaux typiques comprennent les ions de métaux lourds, toxines, antibiotiques, pesticides, perturbateurs endocriniens et les polluants organiques persistants (POP). En plus des ions métalliques et des toxines, autres polluants sont de petites molécules qui sont souvent constituées d’une variété de congénères. Par exemple, la pop plus toxiques comprennent des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP), les éthers biphényles polybromés (PBDE), des polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxines (PCDD), les biphényles polychlorés (BPC), dibenzofurannes polychlorés (PCDF) et phtalique esters de l’acide (PAEs)1,2, qui toutes se composent de plusieurs congénères. Détection de petites molécules a été principalement réalisée par chromatography/mass spectrometry sur des techniques en raison de la diversité des applications3,4,5,6. Pour la détection sur place, les méthodes axées sur les anticorps ont été récemment développés7,8,9. Toutefois, étant donné que ces méthodes sont hautement spécifiques pour certain un congénère, plusieurs essais sont effectués. Ce qui est plus grave, c’est que les nouveaux congénères grandissent si vite que leurs anticorps ne peuvent pas être générés dans le temps. Par conséquent, le développement de biocapteurs spécifique pour surveiller les niveaux totaux de tous les congénères lors d’un test peut fournir une métrique de précieuse pour évaluer l’état de la pollution de l’environnement.
Récemment, les aptamères nucléotidiques ont été largement appliquées comme éléments de reconnaissance dans les diverses plateformes de biodétection en raison de leur capacité à reconnaître une grande variété de cibles, d’ions et de petites molécules de protéines et cellules10,11 ,,12. Aptamères sont identifiés au moyen d’une méthode in vitro appelée évolution systématique des ligands par enrichissement exponentiel (SELEX)13,14. SELEX commence avec la bibliothèque d’oligonucléotides monocaténaires synthétique aléatoire, qui contient environ 10 séquences de15 14-10. La taille de la bibliothèque aléatoire assure la diversité des structures candidat ARN ou ADN. Le processus typique de SELEX se compose de plusieurs tours d’enrichissement jusqu'à ce que la bibliothèque est enrichie en séquences avec grande affinité et spécificité à la cible. La poule finale enrichie est ensuite séquencée, et les constantes de dissociation (Kd) et la sélectivité contre potentiel substances interférentes sont déterminées par différentes techniques telles que filtrent binding, chromatographie d’affinité, surface résonance plasmon (SPR), etc. 15
En raison de la solubilité dans l’eau est extrêmement faible et manque de groupes fonctionnels pour l’immobilisation de la surface, l’aptamère pop est théoriquement difficile. Des avancées significatives pour SELEX ont accéléré la découverte d’aptamères. Toutefois, la sélection des aptamères spécifiques à un groupe de pop n’a pas encore été signalée. Jusqu'à présent, seulement PCB-liaison ADN aptamères avec grande spécificité pour certain un congénère ont été identifiés16. PAEs sont principalement utilisés dans les matériaux de polychlorure de vinyle, changeant de polychlorure de vinyle plastique dur à un élastique plastique, agissant ainsi comme un plastifiant. Certains PAEs ont été identifiés comme des perturbateurs endocriniens, peut causer des dommages graves au foie et de la fonction rénale, réduire la motilité des spermatozoïdes mâles et peuvent entraîner la morphologie des spermatozoïdes anormaux et cancer du testicule,17. Le composé - ni aptamères PAE-liaison spécifique à un groupe ont été signalés.
L’objectif de ce travail est de fournir un protocole représentatif de sélection spécifique au groupe ADN aptamères à fortement hydrophobes petites molécules telles que PAEs, un groupe représentatif des polluants organiques persistants. Nous démontrons également l’application de l’aptamère sélectionné pour la détection de la pollution de l’environnement. Ce protocole fournit des conseils et des idées pour la découverte d’aptamère d’autres petites molécules hydrophobes.

<table><tbody><tr><td>UV-2550</td><td>Shimadzu,Japan</td><td></td><td>protocol, section 3.8.2</td></tr><tr><td>DNA Engnine Thermal cycler,PTC0200</td><td>BIO-RAD</td><td></td><td>section 3.5.1.2 and 3.5.2</td></tr><tr><td>C1000 Touch</td><td>BIO-RAD</td><td></td><td>section 5.3.6 and 6.3</td></tr><tr><td>VMP3 multichannel potentiostat</td><td>Bio-Logic Science, Claix, France</td><td></td><td>section 7.4,7.8 and 7.11</td></tr><tr><td>Epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B</td><td>GE Healthcare (Piscataway, NJ, USA)</td><td>10220020</td><td>argarose beads, section 2.3 and 3.3</td></tr><tr><td>Dynabeads M-270 carboxylic acid magnetic beads</td><td>Invitrogen, USA</td><td>420420</td><td>magnetic beads,section 5.2. and 5.3</td></tr><tr><td>Premix Taq Hot Start Version</td><td>Takara,Dalian,China</td><td>R028A</td><td>polymerase, section 3.5.1.1</td></tr><tr><td>PARAFILM Sealing Membrane</td><td>Bemis, USA</td><td>PM-996</td><td>section 3.6.5</td></tr><tr><td>Lambda Exonuclease</td><td>Invitrogen, USA</td><td>EN0561</td><td>section3.7.1.2.The 10 &amp;times; reaction buffer is provided along with &amp;lambda; exonuclease by the provider.</td></tr><tr><td>Dr. GenTLE&lt;br/&gt; Precipitation Carrier</td><td>Takara,Dalian,China</td><td>9094</td><td>section 3.6.2 and 3.8.1</td></tr><tr><td>UNIQ-10 PAGE DNA recovery kit</td><td>Sangon Biotech (Shanghai)</td><td>B511135</td><td>section 4.2</td></tr><tr><td>SYBR Gold nucleic acid gel stain</td><td>Invitrogen, USA</td><td>1811838</td><td>nucelic acid stain dye, section 3.5.1.5</td></tr><tr><td>SYBR Premix Ex Taq II</td><td>Takara,Dalian,China</td><td>RR820A</td><td>polymerase mix contaning polymerase and dNTPs, section 5.3.5</td></tr><tr><td>2-(N-Morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>CAS: 1132-61-2</td><td>section 5.2.1</td></tr><tr><td>1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)</td><td>Invitrogen, USA</td><td>CAS: 25952-53-8</td><td>section 5.2.2</td></tr><tr><td>N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>6066-82-6</td><td>section 5.2.3</td></tr><tr><td>mercaptohexanol (MCH)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>CAS: 1633-78-9</td><td>section 7.7</td></tr><tr><td>Gold electrode</td><td>Shanghai Chenhua</td><td>CHI101</td><td>section 7.4. - 7.11</td></tr><tr><td>tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>CAS: 51805-45-9</td><td>section 7.5</td></tr><tr><td>O-(2-Mercaptoethyl)-O&#039;-methyl-hexa-(ethylene glycol)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>CAS: 651042-82-9</td><td>section 7.7</td></tr><tr><td>diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)</td><td>National Institute of Metrology, China</td><td>CAS: 117-81-7</td><td>section 7.11</td></tr><tr><td>Tween 20</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>CAS: 9005-64-5</td><td>polyoxyethy-lene(20) sorbaitan monolaurate</td></tr><tr><td>Triton X-100</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>CAS: 9002-93-1</td><td>non-ionic surface active agent</td></tr><tr><td>PBS</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>P5368</td><td>10 mM phosphate buffer containing 1 M NaCl, pH 7.4</td></tr></tbody></table>

phthalic acid ester-binding dna aptamer selection, characterization, and application to an electrochemical aptasensor

Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) areone des grands groupes de polluants organiques persistants. La détection de groupes spécifiques de PAEs est hautement souhaitée en raison de la croissance rapide des congénères. Aptamères ADN ont été appliquées de plus en plus en tant qu’éléments de reconnaissance sur les plates-formes de biocapteur, mais en sélectionnant aptamères pour atteindre les cibles hautement hydrophobes de petites molécules, telles que PAEs, sont rarement rapporté. Cet ouvrage décrit une méthode axée sur le talon conçue pour sélectionner les aptamères ADN spécifiques à un groupe de PAEs. Le groupement aminé fonctionnalisé phtalate de dibutyle (DBP-NH2) comme la cible de l’ancre a été synthétisée et immobilisée sur les perles de l’agarose époxy-activé, permettant d’afficher le groupe ester phtalique à la surface de la matrice de l’immobilisation, et par conséquent, le choix des liants spécifiques à un groupe. Nous avons déterminé les constantes de dissociation des candidats aptamère par réaction en chaîne de polymérisation quantitative couplée avec séparation magnétique. Les affinités relatives et la sélectivité des aptamères à autres PAEs ont été déterminées par les essais concurrentiels, où les candidats aptamère ont été préalablement délimitées à la DBP-NH2 attaché billes magnétiques et rejetés dans le surnageant après incubation avec la PAEs testée ou autres substances interférentes potentiels. L’analyse concurrentielle a été appliquée parce qu’il a fourni une comparaison facile affinité entre PAEs qui n’avait aucun groupes fonctionnels pour l’immobilisation de la surface. Enfin, nous avons démontré la fabrication d’un aptasensor électrochimique et utilisé pour détection ultrasensible et sélective de phtalate de 2-éthylhexyle. Ce protocole prévoit des idées pour la découverte d’aptamère d’autres petites molécules hydrophobes.

Nous avons conçu et synthétisé le groupement aminé fonctionnalisé de phtalate de dibutyle (DBP-NH2) comme cible d’ancrage (Figure 1F). Ensuite, nous avons effectué la sélection d’aptamère ADN du PAEs à l’aide de DBP-NH2 comme la cible de l’ancre et en suivant la méthode axée sur l’immobilisation de cible classique (Figure 2). À chaque tour, un pilote PCR a été réalisée à l’aide d...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Phthalic Acid Ester-Binding DNA Aptamer Selection, Characterization, and Application to an Electrochemical Aptasensor at JoVE.com

Phthalic Acid Ester-Binding DNA Aptamer Selection, Characterization, and Application to an Electrochemical Aptasensor

Un protocole de sélection de in vitro et la caractérisation de l’acide phtalique spécifique au groupe ester-liaison ADN aptamères est présenté. L’application de l’aptamère sélectionné dans un aptasensor électrochimique est également incluse.

Phthalic Acid Ester-liaison ADN aptamère sélection, caractérisation et Application d’un Aptasensor électrochimique

Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) areone of the major groups of persistent organic pollutants. The group-specific detection of PAEs is highly desired due to the ...

phthalic-acid-ester-binding-dna-aptamer-selection-characterization

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

9.8K vues.  Capital Normal University. Un protocole de sélection de in vitro et la caractérisation de l’acide phtalique spécifique au groupe ester-liaison ADN aptamères est présenté. L’application de l’aptamère sélectionné dans un aptasensor électrochimique est également incluse.

Vidéo: Phthalic Acid Ester-Binding DNA Aptamer Selection, Characterization, and Application to an Electrochemical Aptasensor

Fabrication of Electrochemical-DNA Biosensors for the Reagentless Detection of Nucleic Acids, Proteins and Small Molecules

As medicine is currently practiced, doctors send specimens to a central laboratory for testing and thus must wait hours or days to 
receive the results. Many patients would be better served by rapid, bedside tests. To this end our laboratory and others have developed a versatile, reagentless 
biosensor platform that supports the quantitative, reagentless, electrochemical detection of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), proteins (including antibodies) and small 
molecules analytes directly in unprocessed clinical and environmental samples. In this video, we demonstrate the preparation and use of several biosensors in this 
"E-DNA" class. In particular, we fabricate and demonstrate sensors for the detection of a target DNA sequence in a polymerase chain reaction mixture, an HIV-specific antibody and the drug cocaine. The preparation procedure requires only three hours of hands-on effort followed by an overnight incubation, and their use requires only minutes.

"E-DNA" sensors, reagentless, electrochemical biosensors that perform well even when challenged directly in blood and other complex matrices, have been adapted to the detection of a wide range of nucleic acid, protein and small molecule analytes. Here we present a general procedure for the fabrication and use of such sensors.

La fabrication des électrochimique de l&#39;ADN des Biocapteurs pour la détection sans réactif d&#39;acides nucléiques, protéines et petites molécules

As medicine is currently practiced, doctors send specimens to a central laboratory for testing and thus must wait hours or days to 
receive the results. ...

Recherche

Bio-ingénierie

Mapping the Binding Site of an Aptamer on ATP Using MicroScale Thermophoresis

Characterization of molecular interactions in terms of basic binding parameters such as binding affinity, stoichiometry, and thermodynamics is an essential step in basic and applied science. MicroScale Thermophoresis (MST) is a sensitive biophysical method to obtain this important information. Relying on a physical effect called thermophoresis, which describes the movement of molecules through temperature gradients, this technology allows for the fast and precise determination of binding parameters in solution and allows the free choice of buffer conditions (from buffer to lysates/sera). MST uses the fact that an unbound molecule displays a different thermophoretic movement than a molecule that is in complex with a binding partner. The thermophoretic movement is altered in the moment of molecular interaction due to changes in size, charge, and hydration shell. By comparing the movement profiles of different molecular ratios of the two binding partners, quantitative information such as binding affinity (pM to mM) can be determined. Even challenging interactions between molecules of small sizes, such as aptamers and small compounds, can be studied by MST. Using the well-studied model interaction between the DH25.42 DNA aptamer and ATP, this manuscript provides a protocol to characterize aptamer-small molecule interactions. This study demonstrates that MST is highly sensitive and permits the mapping of the binding site of the 7.9 kDa DNA aptamer to the adenine of ATP.

MicroScale Thermophoresis (MST) is a sensitive technology to characterize aptamer-target interactions. This manuscript describes an MST protocol to characterize aptamer-small molecule interactions.

La cartographie du site de liaison d&#39;un aptamère sur ATP utilisant MicroScale thermophorèse

Characterization of molecular interactions in terms of basic binding parameters such as binding affinity, stoichiometry, and thermodynamics is an ...

Biochimie

Bacterial Detection &amp; Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors

Electrochemical sensors are widely used for rapid and accurate measurement of blood glucose and can be adapted for detection of a wide variety of analytes. Electrochemical sensors operate by transducing a biological recognition event into a useful electrical signal. Signal transduction occurs by coupling the activity of a redox enzyme to an amperometric electrode. Sensor specificity is either an inherent characteristic of the enzyme, glucose oxidase in the case of a glucose sensor, or a product of linkage between the enzyme and an antibody or probe.
Here, we describe an electrochemical sensor assay method to directly detect and identify bacteria. In every case, the probes described here are DNA oligonucleotides. This method is based on sandwich hybridization of capture and detector probes with target ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The capture probe is anchored to the sensor surface, while the detector probe is linked to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). When a substrate such as 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) is added to an electrode with capture-target-detector complexes bound to its surface, the substrate is oxidized by HRP and reduced by the working electrode. This redox cycle results in shuttling of electrons by the substrate from the electrode to HRP, producing current flow in the electrode.

Bacterial Detection & Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors

We describe an electrochemical sensor assay method for rapid bacterial detection and identification. The assay involves a sensor array functionalized with DNA oligonucleotide capture probes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) species-specific sequences. Sandwich hybridization of target rRNA with the capture probe and a horseradish peroxidase-linked DNA oligonucleotide detector probe produces a measurable amperometric current.

Bacterial Detection &amp; identification au moyen de capteurs électrochimiques

Electrochemical  sensors are widely used for rapid and accurate measurement of blood glucose and  can be adapted for detection of a wide variety of ...

Electronic Tongue Generating Continuous Recognition Patterns for Protein Analysis

In current protocol, a combinatorial approach has been developed to simplify the design and production of sensing materials for the construction of electronic tongues (eT) for protein analysis. By mixing a small number of simple and easily accessible molecules with different physicochemical properties, used as building blocks (BBs), in varying and controlled proportions and allowing the mixtures to self-assemble on the gold surface of a prism, an array of combinatorial surfaces featuring appropriate properties for protein sensing was created. In this way, a great number of cross-reactive receptors can be rapidly and efficiently obtained. By combining such an array of combinatorial cross-reactive receptors (CoCRRs) with an optical detection system such as surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi), the obtained eT can monitor the binding events in real-time and generate continuous recognition patterns including 2D continuous evolution profile (CEP) and 3D continuous evolution landscape (CEL) for samples in liquid. Such an eT system is efficient for discrimination of common purified proteins.

A novel approach is described for construction of electronic tongue (eT), which greatly simplifies the design and production of sensing materials, and allows the eT to generate continuous evolution profiles and landscapes for samples in liquid. The obtained eT is efficient for common protein analysis such as discrimination.

Langue Electronique Génération Schémas de reconnaissance continue pour l&#39;analyse des protéines

In current protocol, a combinatorial approach has been developed to simplify the design and production of sensing materials for the construction of ...

Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes

Nucleases are a class of enzymes that break down nucleic acids by catalyzing the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bonds that link the ribose sugars. Nucleases display a variety of vital physiological roles in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, ranging from maintaining genome stability to providing protection against pathogens. Altered nuclease activity has been associated with several pathological conditions including bacterial infections and cancer. To this end, nuclease activity has shown great potential to be exploited as a specific biomarker. However, a robust and reproducible screening method based on this activity remains highly desirable.
Herein, we introduce a method that enables screening for nuclease activity using nucleic acid probes as substrates, with the scope of differentiating between pathological and healthy conditions. This method offers the possibility of designing new probe libraries, with increasing specificity, in an iterative manner. Thus, multiple rounds of screening are necessary to refine the probes&#39; design with enhanced features, taking advantage of the availability of chemically modified nucleic acids. The considerable potential of the proposed technology lies in its flexibility, high reproducibility, and versatility for the screening of nuclease activity associated with disease conditions. It is expected that this technology will allow the development of promising diagnostic tools with a great potential in the clinic.

Altered nuclease activity has been associated with different human conditions, underlying its potential as a biomarker. The modular and easy to implement screening methodology presented in this paper allows the selection of specific nucleic acid probes for harnessing nuclease activity as a biomarker of disease.

Dépistage cinétique de l'activité nucléane à l'aide de sondes d'acide nucléique

Nucleases are a class of enzymes that break down nucleic acids by catalyzing the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bonds that link the ribose sugars. ...

Primer-Free Aptamer Selection Using A Random DNA Library

Aptamers are highly structured oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA) that can bind to targets with affinities comparable to antibodies 1. They are identified through an in vitro selection process called Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) to recognize a wide variety of targets, from small molecules to proteins and other macromolecules 2-4. Aptamers have properties that are well suited for in vivo diagnostic and/or therapeutic applications: Besides good specificity and affinity, they are easily synthesized, survive more rigorous processing conditions, they are poorly immunogenic, and their relatively small size can result in facile penetration of tissues.
Aptamers that are identified through the standard SELEX process usually comprise ~80 nucleotides (nt), since they are typically selected from nucleic acid libraries with ~40 nt long randomized regions plus fixed primer sites of ~20 nt on each side. The fixed primer sequences thus can comprise nearly ~50% of the library sequences, and therefore may positively or negatively compromise identification of aptamers in the selection process 3, although bioinformatics approaches suggest that the fixed sequences do not contribute significantly to aptamer structure after selection 5. To address these potential problems, primer sequences have been blocked by complementary oligonucleotides or switched to different sequences midway during the rounds of SELEX 6, or they have been trimmed to 6-9 nt 7, 8. Wen and Gray 9 designed a primer-free genomic SELEX method, in which the primer sequences were completely removed from the library before selection and were then regenerated to allow amplification of the selected genomic fragments. However, to employ the technique, a unique genomic library has to be constructed, which possesses limited diversity, and regeneration after rounds of selection relies on a linear reamplification step. Alternatively, efforts to circumvent problems caused by fixed primer sequences using high efficiency partitioning are met with problems regarding PCR amplification 10.
We have developed a primer-free (PF) selection method that significantly simplifies SELEX procedures and effectively eliminates primer-interference problems 11, 12. The protocols work in a straightforward manner. The central random region of the library is purified without extraneous flanking sequences and is bound to a suitable target (for example to a purified protein or complex mixtures such as cell lines). Then the bound sequences are obtained, reunited with flanking sequences, and re-amplified to generate selected sub-libraries. As an example, here we selected aptamers to S100B, a protein marker for melanoma. Binding assays showed Kd s in the 10-7 - 10-8 M range after a few rounds of selection, and we demonstrate that the aptamers function effectively in a sandwich binding format.

SELEX protocols comprise multiple rounds of selection, each of which require regeneration of bound ligands, which in turn require fixed primer sequences flanking the random library regions. These fixed primer sequences can interfere with the selection process (false positives and negatives). Here we present a primer-free protocol.

Primaire-Libre Choix aptamères en utilisant une bibliothèque d&#39;ADN aléatoires

Aptamers are highly structured oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA) that can bind to targets with affinities comparable to antibodies 1. They are identified ...

Biologie

Determining the Thermodynamic and Kinetic Association of a DNA Aptamer and Tetracycline Using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry

The determination of binding affinity and behavior between an aptamer and its target is the most crucial step in selecting and using an aptamer for application. Due to the drastic differences between the aptamer and small molecules, scientists need to put much effort into characterizing their binding properties. Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) is a powerful approach for this purpose. ITC goes beyond determining disassociation constants (Kd) and can provide the enthalpy changes and binding stoichiometry of the interaction between two molecules in the solution phase. This approach conducts continuous titration using label-free molecules and records released heat over time upon the binding events produced by each titration, so the process can sensitively measure the binding between macromolecules and their small targets. Herein, the article introduces a step-by-step procedure of the ITC measurement of a selected aptamer with a small target, tetracycline. This example proves the versatility of the technique and its potential for other applications.

The present protocol describes the use of Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) to analyze the association and dissociation kinetics of the binding between a DNA aptamer and tetracycline, including sample preparation, running standards and samples, and interpreting the resulting data.

Détermination de l’association thermodynamique et cinétique d’un aptamère d’ADN et d’une tétracycline à l’aide de la calorimétrie de titrage isotherme

The determination of binding affinity and behavior between an aptamer and its target is the most crucial step in selecting and using an aptamer for ...

Development of an Electrochemical DNA Biosensor to Detect a Foodborne Pathogen

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a common foodborne pathogen that contributes to a large proportion of public health problems globally, significantly affecting the rate of human mortality and morbidity. Conventional methods for the detection of V. parahaemolyticus such as culture-based methods, immunological assays, and molecular-based methods require complicated sample handling and are time-consuming, tedious, and costly. Recently, biosensors have proven to be a promising and comprehensive detection method with the advantages of fast detection, cost-effectiveness, and practicality. This research focuses on developing a rapid method of detecting V. parahaemolyticus with high selectivity and sensitivity using the principles of DNA hybridization. In the work, characterization of synthesized polylactic acid-stabilized gold nanoparticles (PLA-AuNPs) was achieved using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet-visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Field-emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). We also carried out further testing of stability, sensitivity, and reproducibility of the PLA-AuNPs. We found that the PLA-AuNPs formed a sound structure of stabilized nanoparticles in aqueous solution. We also observed that the sensitivity improved as a result of the smaller charge transfer resistance (Rct) value and an increase of active surface area (0.41 cm2). The development of our DNA biosensor was based on modification of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with PLA-AuNPs and using methylene blue (MB) as the redox indicator. We assessed the immobilization and hybridization events by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). We found that complementary, non-complementary, and mismatched oligonucleotides were specifically distinguished by the fabricated biosensor. It also showed reliably sensitive detection in cross-reactivity studies against various food-borne pathogens and in the identification of V. parahaemolyticus in fresh cockles.

A protocol for the development of an electrochemical DNA biosensor comprising a polylactic acid-stabilized, gold nanoparticles-modified, screen-printed carbon electrode to detect Vibrio parahaemolyticus is presented.

Développement d’un Biocapteur électrochimique ADN pour détecter un pathogène d’origine alimentaire

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a common foodborne pathogen that contributes to a large proportion of public health problems globally, ...

Ultrasensitive Detection of Biomarkers by Using a Molecular Imprinting Based Capacitive Biosensor

The ability to detect and quantitate biomolecules in complex solutions has always been highly sought-after within natural science; being used for the detection of biomarkers, contaminants, and other molecules of interest. A commonly used technique for this purpose is the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), where often one antibody is directed towards a specific target molecule, and a second labeled antibody is used for the detection of the primary antibody, allowing for the absolute quantification of the biomolecule under study. However, the usage of antibodies as recognition elements limits the robustness of the method; as does the need of using labeled molecules. To overcome these limitations, molecular imprinting has been implemented, creating artificial recognition sites complementary to the template molecule, and obsoleting the necessity of using antibodies for initial binding. Further, for even higher sensitivity, the secondary labeled antibody can be replaced by biosensors relying on the capacitance for the quantification of the target molecule. In this protocol, we describe a method to rapidly and label-free detect and quantitate low-abundant biomolecules (proteins and viruses) in complex samples, with a sensitivity that is significantly better than commonly used detection systems such as the ELISA. This is all mediated by molecular imprinting in combination with a capacitance biosensor.

Here, we present a protocol for the detection and quantification of low abundant molecules in complex solutions using molecular imprinting in combination with a capacitance biosensor.

Base de détection ultrasensible des biomarqueurs à l’aide d’une empreinte moléculaire biocapteur capacitif

The ability to detect and quantitate biomolecules in complex solutions has always been highly sought-after within natural science; being used for the ...

Immunologie et infection

Aptamer-Based Target Detection Facilitated by a 3-Stage G-Quadruplex Isothermal Exponential Amplification Reaction

Aptamers are target-recognition molecules that bind with high affinity and specificity. These characteristics can be leveraged to control other molecules with signal-generation capability. For the system described herein, target recognition through an aptameric domain, Stem II of a modified hammerhead ribozyme, activates the self-cleaving ribozyme by stabilizing the initially unstructured construct. The cis-cleaving RNA acts at the junction of Stem III and Stem I, creating two cleavage products. The longer cleavage product primes an isothermal exponential amplification reaction (EXPAR) of the two similar catalytically active G-quadruplexes. Those resulting amplification products catalyze peroxidase reduction, which is coupled to the reduction of a colorimetric substrate with an output that the naked eye can detect. The 3-part system described in the present study improves detection modalities such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) by producing a visually detectable signal for indicating the presence of as low as 0.5 &#181;M theophylline in as little as 15 min.

The present protocol demonstrates the use of a fast, 3-stage, aptamer-based exponential amplification assay to detect targets. Sample preparation, signal amplification, and color development are covered to implement this system to recognize the presence of theophylline over that of caffeine.

Détection de cible basée sur des aptamères facilitée par une réaction d’amplification exponentielle isotherme G-quadruplex en 3 étapes

Aptamers are target-recognition molecules that bind with high affinity and specificity. These characteristics can be leveraged to control other molecules ...

Phthalic Acid Ester-liaison ADN aptamère sélection, caractérisation et Application d’un Aptasensor électrochimique

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