JoVE Logo

Sign In

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN or OH. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination chemistry—the topic of another chapter in this text.

The equilibrium constant for the reaction of a metal ion with one or more ligands to form a coordination complex is called a formation constant (Kf) (sometimes called a stability constant). For example, the complex ion [Cu(CN)2] is produced by the reaction

Eq1

The formation constant for this reaction is

Eq2

Alternatively, the reverse reaction (decomposition of the complex ion) can be considered, in which case the equilibrium constant is a dissociation constant (Kd). As per the relation between equilibrium constants for reciprocal reactions described, the dissociation constant is the mathematical inverse of the formation constant, Kd = Kf−1.

As an example of dissolution by complex ion formation, consider what happens when aqueous ammonia is added to a mixture of silver chloride and water. Silver chloride dissolves slightly in water, giving a small concentration of Ag+ ([Ag+] = 1.3 × 10−5 M):

Eq3

However, if NH3 is present in the water, the complex ion, [Ag(NH3)2]+, can form according to the equation:

Eq4

This text is adapted from Openstax, Chemistry 2e, Section 15.2: Lewis Acids and Bases.

Tags

Complex IonsMetal IonsLewis BasesLewis AcidsLigandHexammine Cobalt III ChlorideTransition Metal IonsEquilibrium ConstantFormation ConstantSolubilitySparingly Soluble Metal SaltsSilver SulfideSodium Cyanide SolutionDicyanoargentate Ions

From Chapter 16:

article

Now Playing

16.12 : יצירת יוני קומפלקס

Acid-base and Solubility Equilibria

23.0K Views

article

16.1 : אפקט היון המשותף

Acid-base and Solubility Equilibria

40.7K Views

article

16.2 : בופרים

Acid-base and Solubility Equilibria

163.1K Views

article

16.3 : משואת הנדרסון-האסבלך

Acid-base and Solubility Equilibria

67.8K Views

article

16.4 : חישוב שינוייpH בתמיסת בופר

Acid-base and Solubility Equilibria

52.3K Views

article

16.5 : יעילות בופר

Acid-base and Solubility Equilibria

48.3K Views

article

16.6 : חישובי טיטרציה: חומצה חזקה- בסיס חזק

Acid-base and Solubility Equilibria

28.8K Views

article

16.7 : חישובי טיטרציה: חומצה חלשה- בסיס חלש

Acid-base and Solubility Equilibria

43.5K Views

article

16.8 : אינדיקטורים

Acid-base and Solubility Equilibria

47.6K Views

article

16.9 : טירציה של חומצה רב פרוטית

Acid-base and Solubility Equilibria

95.5K Views

article

16.10 : שיווי משקל מסיסות

Acid-base and Solubility Equilibria

51.4K Views

article

16.11 : גורמים המשפיעים על מסיסות

Acid-base and Solubility Equilibria

32.8K Views

article

16.13 : שיקוע של יוני

Acid-base and Solubility Equilibria

27.3K Views

article

16.14 : אנליזה איכותית

Acid-base and Solubility Equilibria

19.9K Views

article

16.15 : עקומות טירציית חומצה-בסיס

Acid-base and Solubility Equilibria

125.7K Views

JoVE Logo

Privacy

Terms of Use

Policies

Research

Education

ABOUT JoVE

Copyright © 2025 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved