Name: retroviral transduction of bone marrow progenitor cells to generate t-cell receptor retrogenic mice
Uploaded: 2016-07-11T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 8 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Retroviral Transduction of Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells to Generate T-cell Receptor Retrogenic Mice at JoVE.com

עבודה זו נתמכה על ידי מענקים מ- NIH (5K22A1119151-01 ו 1R56DK104903-01) כדי MLB, תוכנית פיילוט / היתכנות של המכון לחקר סכרת (P30-DK079638) ב BCM, JDRF 1-FAC-2014-243-AN APF, ADA 1-15-JF-07, קריירה AAI באימונולוגיה אחוות כדי מגה, רוברט וג&#39;ניס מקניר קרן.

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אין ניגודי אינטרסים הכריז.

בפרוטוקול, אנו שלבים קריטיים מספר בפירוט כדי להבטיח בריאות מח עצם אופטימלית, יעילות תמרה והרכבתה מחדש. השלב הקריטי הראשון הוא הדור ותחזוקה ראויה של תאים המפיק ויראלי GP + E86. השתמש שורות תאי מפיק פרקים מוקדמות ולשמור על 80% confluency או נמוך לפני שימוש. בעת ביצוע תאים טריים מ?...

קולטן תא T (TCR) הרפרטואר של בני אדם ועכברים כבר נאמד ב 1 x 10 8 ו -2 x 10 6 TCRs ייחודי בהתאמה 1,2. מגוון גדול זה מאפשר לתאי T להכיר מגוון רחב של אפיטופים אנטיגן נגזרו-פפטידים עצמיים וכן פתוגנים שהציג מורכבי histocompatibility הגדולים (MHC) על תאי מציגי אנטיגן (נגמ&quot;שים). ההבדלים הדקים האינטראקציות של TCRs עם מתחמים ייחודיים פפטיד-MHC להכתיב אם תא T יעבור אפופטוזיס, anergy, הפעלה, בידול, ייצור ציטוקינים או רעיל. עם זאת, בשל רפרטואר TCR הגדול, ולנתח את ההשפעה של ספציפיות TCR יגיב אנטיגן מסוים מחייב שימוש יחיד מערכות TCR. עכברים מהונדסים TCR שונים נוצרו על מנת ללמוד את הפונקציה של יחיד TCR במודל vivo ב 3-9. עם זאת, יש מספר אזהרות בנוגע TCR עכברים מהונדסים כוללעלות, את משך הזמן כדי ליצור עכבר מהונדס יחיד והשפעת המייסד שנקראת החדרת transgene האקראית לתוך ה- DNA germline 10. לכן, רק מעטים יחסית עכברים מהונדסים TCR נוצרו עבור כל אנטיגן נתון ואת ההשלכות הפונקציונליות של זיקת TCR גבוהה ונמוכה עבור אותו אפיטופ לעתים רחוקות מופנות. כדי לענות על הצורך בגישה מהירה למסך וללמוד מרובי TCRs בנפרד או במשולב, retrogenic ( &#39;רטרו&#39; מ רטרו-וירוס ו &#39;genic&#39; מ מהונדס) עכברים כבר נוצל כחלופת TCR עכברים מהונדסים 11-13. מוטיב קונסנסוס פפטיד 2A נמצא בתוך כמה וירוסים מורכב 2A-Asp-Val / Ile-השפע-X-ASN-פרו-גלאי-2B-פרו, שבה מחשוף מתרחש בין גליצין של 2A ואת פרולין של 2B מפעילות hydrolase -acting ציס, וכתוצאה מכך מדלגים ריבוזומלי במהלך התרגום 10,14-16. לקבלת דיאגרמה מפורטת המתארת ​​את גleavage של פפטידים 2A שונים (F2A, E2A, T2a ו P2A) עיין אזכור 10 - 12. באופן זה, 2 cistrons (אלפא ובטא TCR TCR) ניתן לקשר וכתוצאה מכך תרגום stoichiometric ב וקטור יחיד. ניצול גישה זו, אנו מסוגלים לבטא ישירות להשוות TCRs אנטיגן ספציפי מרובים in vivo.

<table><tbody><tr><td>DMEM, high glucose + glutamine</td><td>Corning Cellgro</td><td>10-013-CV</td><td>Dulbecco&#039;s Modification of Eagle&#039;s Medium with 4.5 g/L glucose, L-glutamine &amp;amp; sodium pyruvate</td></tr><tr><td>FBS</td><td>Atlanta Biological</td><td>S11550</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trypsin-Versene</td><td>Lonza</td><td>17-161F</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.45 &amp;#181;m syringe filter</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>194-2545</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>polybrene</td><td>Sigma</td><td>H9268-10G</td><td>Sterile Filtered in dH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O</td></tr><tr><td>Ciprofloxacin&amp;nbsp;</td><td>VWR</td><td>AAJ61970-06</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5-fluorouracil (5-FU)</td><td>VWR</td><td>AAA13456-06</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Pyruvate</td><td>Corning Cellgro</td><td>25-000-CI</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MEM nonessential Amino Acids</td><td>Corning Cellgro</td><td>25-025-CI</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HEPES 1 M solution</td><td>Corning Cellgro</td><td>25-060-CI</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2-Mercaptoethanol</td><td>Gibco by Life Technologies</td><td>21985-023</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pen/Strept</td><td>Corning Cellgro</td><td>30-002-CI</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>L-glutamine</td><td>Corning Cellgro</td><td>25-005-CI</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>150 mm tissue culture dishes</td><td>Greiner Bio-one</td><td>639160</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tisue culture-treated 6-well flat plate</td><td>Greiner Bio-one</td><td>657160</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>70 &amp;#181;m nylon cell strainers</td><td>Falcon</td><td>352350</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mouse IL-3</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>PMC0033</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Human IL-6</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>&amp;nbsp;PHC0063</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mouse Stem Cell Factor</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>PMC2113L</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10x PBS</td><td>Corning Cellgro</td><td>46-D13-CM</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HANKS Buffer</td><td>Corning Cellgro</td><td>21020147</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BD 10 ml Syringe</td><td>BD</td><td>300912</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BD 1 ml Syringe</td><td>BD</td><td>309659</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>27 G x 1/2 BD Precision Glide Needle</td><td>BD</td><td>305109</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>30 G x 1/2 BD Precision Glide Needle</td><td>BD</td><td>305106</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

retroviral transduction of bone marrow progenitor cells to generate t-cell receptor retrogenic mice

T cell receptor (TCR) signaling is essential in the development and differentiation of T cells in the thymus and periphery, respectively. The vast array of TCRs proves studying a specific antigenic response difficult. Therefore, TCR transgenic mice were made to study positive and negative selection in the thymus as well as peripheral T cell activation, proliferation and tolerance. However, relatively few TCR transgenic mice have been generated specific to any given antigen. Thus, studies involving TCRs of varying affinities for the same antigenic peptide have been lacking. The generation of a new TCR transgenic line can take six or more months. Additionally, any specific backcrosses can take an additional six months. In order to allow faster generation and screening of multiple TCRs, a protocol for retroviral transduction of bone marrow was established with stoichiometric expression of the TCR&#945; and TCR&#946; chains and the generation of retrogenic mice. Each retrogenic mouse is essentially a founder, virtually negating a founder effect, while the length of time to generate a TCR retrogenic is cut from six months to approximately six weeks. Here we present a rapid and flexible alternative to TCR transgenic mice that can be expressed on any chosen background with any particular TCR.

יעילות התמרה מח עצם נבדקת בשלב 13.3 של הפרוטוקול לפני במח העצם מוזרק לתוך iv וריד הזנב באיור התמרה מח עצם נציג (איור 1 א), כ -10 μl של מח העצם שנקטפו התווסף 100 μl של PBS ונותחו לביטוי Ametrine. בדרך כלל אחוז התאים החיוביים ניאון הוא בין 25% ל -70%, תלוי לבנות כי...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Retroviral Transduction of Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells to Generate T-cell Receptor Retrogenic Mice at JoVE.com

Retroviral Transduction of Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells to Generate T-cell Receptor Retrogenic Mice

We present a rapid and flexible protocol for a single T cell receptor (TCR) retroviral-based in vivo expression system. Retroviral vectors are used to transduce bone marrow progenitor cells to study T cell development and function of a single TCR in vivo as an alternative to TCR transgenic mice.

Retroviral התמרה של ובתאים מח עצם כדי ליצור תאי T קולטן Retrogenic עכברים

T cell receptor (TCR) signaling is essential in the development and differentiation of T cells in the thymus and periphery, respectively.  The vast array ...

retroviral-transduction-bone-marrow-progenitor-cells-to-generate-t

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

9.5K Views.  Baylor College of Medicine. We present a rapid and flexible protocol for a single T cell receptor (TCR) retroviral-based in vivo expression system. Retroviral vectors are used to transduce bone marrow progenitor cells to study T cell development and function of a single TCR in vivo as an alternative to TCR transgenic mice.

Video: Retroviral Transduction of Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells to Generate T-cell Receptor Retrogenic Mice

Transduction-Transplantation Mouse Model of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm

Transduction-transplantation is a quick and efficient way to model human hematologic malignancies in mice. This technique results in expression of the gene of interest in hematopoietic cells and can be used to study the gene's role in normal and/or malignant hematopoiesis. This protocol provides a detailed description on how to perform transduction-transplantation using calreticulin (CALR) mutations recently identified in myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) as an example. In this protocol whole bone marrow cells from 5-flurouracil (5-FU) treated donor mice are transduced with a retrovirus encoding mutant CALR and transplanted into lethally irradiated syngeneic hosts. Donor cells expressing mutant CALR are marked with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Transplanted mice develop an MPN phenotype including elevated platelets in the peripheral blood, expansion of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, and bone marrow fibrosis. We provide a step-by-step account of how to generate retrovirus, calculate viral titer, transduce whole bone marrow cells, and transplant into irradiated recipient mice.

This manuscript provides a description of the methodology used to establish transduction-transplantation mouse models. A detailed account is given of technical errors to avoid when performing bone marrow transplants. A clear understanding should be gained of the importance of high viral titer, transfection/transduction, and irradiation.

התמר-השתלה במודל עכבר של מחלה מיילופרוליפרטיבית

Transduction-transplantation is a quick and efficient way to model human hematologic malignancies in mice. This technique results in expression of the ...

Cancer Research

Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT

Lymphocytes, such as T cells, undergo genetic V(D)J recombination, to generate a receptor with a certain specificity1. Mice transgenic for a rearranged antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR) have been an indispensable tool to study T cell development and function. However, such TCRs are usually isolated from the relevant T cells after long-term culture often following repeated antigen stimulation, which unavoidably selects for T cells with high affinity. Random genomic integration of the TCR &alpha;- and &beta;-chain and expression from non-endogenous promoters can lead to variations in expression level and kinetics.
Epigenetic reprogramming via somatic cell nuclear transfer provides a tool to generate embryonic stem cells and mice from any cell of interest. Consequently, when SCNT is applied to T cells of known specificity, these genetic V(D)J rearrangements are transferred to the SCNT-embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and the mice derived from them, while epigenetic marks are reset. We have demonstrated that T cells with pre-defined specificities against Toxoplasma gondii can be used to generate mouse models that express the specific TCR from their endogenous loci, without experimentally introduced genetic modification. The relative ease and speed with which such transnuclear models can be obtained holds promise for the construction of other disease models.

Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT

We demonstrate here that epigenetic reprogramming via Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) can be used as a tool to generate mouse models with pre-defined T cell receptor (TCR) specificities. These transnuclear mice express the corresponding TCR from their endogenous locus under the control of the endogenous promoter.

עכברים Transnuclear עם מוגדרים מראש תא קולטן T ספציפיות נגד Toxoplasma gondii לקבל ע&quot;י SCNT

Lymphocytes, such as T cells, undergo genetic V(D)J recombination, to generate a receptor with a certain specificity1. Mice transgenic for a rearranged ...

Retroviral Transduction of T-cell Receptors in Mouse T-cells

T-cell receptors (TCRs) play a central role in the immune system. TCRs on T-cell surfaces can specifically recognize peptide antigens presented by antigen presenting cells (APCs)1. This recognition leads to the activation of T-cells and a series of functional outcomes (e.g. cytokine production, killing of the target cells). Understanding the functional role of TCRs is critical to harness the power of the immune system to treat a variety of immunology related diseases (e.g. cancer or autoimmunity).
It is convenient to study TCRs in mouse models, which can be accomplished in several ways. Making TCR transgenic mouse models is costly and time-consuming and currently there are only a limited number of them available2-4. Alternatively, mice with antigen-specific T-cells can be generated by bone marrow chimera. This method also takes several weeks and requires expertise5. Retroviral transduction of TCRs into in vitro activated mouse T-cells is a quick and relatively easy method to obtain T-cells of desired peptide-MHC specificity. Antigen-specific T-cells can be generated in one week and used in any downstream applications. Studying transduced T-cells also has direct application to human immunotherapy, as adoptive transfer of human T-cells transduced with antigen-specific TCRs is an emerging strategy for cancer treatment6.
Here we present a protocol to retrovirally transduce TCRs into in vitro activated mouse T-cells. Both human and mouse TCR genes can be used. Retroviruses carrying specific TCR genes are generated and used to infect mouse T-cells activated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. After in vitro expansion, transduced T-cells are analyzed by flow cytometry.

We present a protocol to produce antigen-specific mouse T-cells using retroviral transduction

התמרה retroviral של T-cell קולטנים עכבר מתאי T

T-cell receptors (TCRs) play a central role in the immune system. TCRs on T-cell surfaces can specifically recognize peptide antigens presented by antigen ...

Recombinant Retroviral Production and Infection of B Cells

The transgenic expression of genes in eukaryotic cells is a powerful reverse genetic approach in which a gene of interest is expressed under the control of a heterologous expression system to facilitate the analysis of the resulting phenotype. This approach can be used to express a gene that is not normally found in the organism, to express a mutant form of a gene product, or to over-express a dominant-negative form of the gene product. It is particularly useful in the study of the hematopoetic system, where transcriptional regulation is a major control mechanism in the development and differentiation of B cells 1, reviewed in 2-4.
Mouse genetics is a powerful tool for the study of human genes and diseases. A comparative analysis of the mouse and human genome reveals conservation of synteny in over 90% of the genome 5. Also, much of the technology used in mouse models is applicable to the study of human genes, for example, gene disruptions and allelic replacement 6. However, the creation of a transgenic mouse requires a great deal of resources of both a financial and technical nature. Several projects have begun to compile libraries of knock out mouse strains (KOMP, EUCOMM, NorCOMM) or mutagenesis induced strains (RIKEN), which require large-scale efforts and collaboration 7. Therefore, it is desirable to first study the phenotype of a desired gene in a cell culture model of primary cells before progressing to a mouse model. 
Retroviral DNA integrates into the host DNA, preferably within or near transcription units or CpG islands, resulting in stable and heritable expression of the packaged gene of interest while avoiding transcriptional silencing 8 9. The genes are then transcribed under the control of a high efficiency retroviral promoter, resulting in a high efficiency of transcription and protein production. Therefore, retroviral expression can be used with cells that are difficult to transfect, provided the cells are in an active state during mitosis. Because the structural genes of the virus are contained within the packaging cell line, the expression vectors used to clone the gene of interest contain no structural genes of the virus, which both eliminates the possibility of viral revertants and increases the safety of working with viral supernatants as no infectious virions are produced 10. 
Here we present a protocol for recombinant retroviral production and subsequent infection of splenic B cells. After isolation, the cultured splenic cells are stimulated with Th derived lymphokines and anti-CD40, which induces a burst of B cell proliferation and differentiation 11. This protocol is ideal for the study of events occurring late in B cell development and differentiation, as B cells are isolated from the spleen following initial hematopoetic events but prior to antigenic stimulation to induce plasmacytic differentiation.

An efficient system of structure and function analysis of a gene in an ex vivo culture of splenic B-lymphocytes is described. This method takes advantage of recombinant retroviral production in a helper free, ecotrophic packaging cell line. Stable, heritable expression of a gene of interest within primary lymphocytes is achieved leading to generation of surface antibodies on B cells undergoing class switch recombination.

רקומביננטי הפקה זיהום retroviral של תאים B

The transgenic expression of genes in eukaryotic cells is a powerful reverse genetic approach in which a gene of interest is expressed under the control ...

Production of Replication-Defective Retrovirus by Transient Transfection of 293T cells

Our lab studies human myeloproliferative diseases induced by such oncogenes as Bcr-Abl or growth factor receptor-derived oncogenes (ZNF198-FGFR1, Bcr-PDGFR&#945;, etc.). We are able to model and study a human-like disease in our mouse model, by transplanting bone marrow cells previously infected with a retrovirus expressing the oncogene of interest. Replication-defective retrovirus encoding a human oncogene and a marker (GFP, RFP, antibiotic resistance gene, etc.) is produced by a transient transfection protocol using 293T cells, a human renal epithelial cell line transformed by the adenovirus E1A gene product. 293 cells have the unusual property of being highly transfectable by calcium phosphate (CaPO4), with up to 50-80% transfection efficiency readily attainable. Here, we co-transfect 293 cells with a retroviral vector expressing the oncogene of interest and a plasmid that expresses the gag-pol-env packaging functions, such as the single-genome packaging constructs kat or pCL, in this case the EcoPak plasmid. The initial transfection is further improved by use of chloroquine. Stocks of ecotropic virus, collected as culture supernatant 48 hrs. post-transfection, can be stored at -80&deg;C and used for infection of cell-lines in view of transformation and in vitro studies, or primary cells such as mouse bone marrow cells, that can then be used for transplant in our mouse model.

This technique demonstrates an efficient way to prepare replication-defective retroviral stocks encoding a human oncogene, and subsequently used for induction of myeloproliferative disease in the mouse model.

הפקה של רטרווירוס שכפול פגומים-by transfection חלוף של תאים 293T

Our lab studies human myeloproliferative diseases induced by such oncogenes as Bcr-Abl or growth factor receptor-derived oncogenes (ZNF198-FGFR1, ...

Biology

Generating De Novo Antigen-specific Human T Cell Receptors by Retroviral Transduction of Centric Hemichain

T cell receptors (TCRs) are used clinically to direct the specificity of T cells to target tumors as a promising modality of immunotherapy. Therefore, cloning TCRs specific for various tumor-associated antigens has been the goal of many studies. To elicit an effective T cell response, the TCR must recognize the target antigen with optimal affinity. However, cloning such TCRs has been a challenge and many available TCRs possess sub-optimal affinity for the cognate antigen. In this protocol, we describe a method of cloning de novo high affinity antigen-specific TCRs using existing TCRs by exploiting hemichain centricity. It is known that for some TCRs, each TCR&#945; or TCR&#946; hemichain do not contribute equally to antigen recognition, and the dominant hemichain is referred to as the centric hemichain. We have shown that by pairing the centric hemichain with counter-chains differing from the original counter-chain, we are able to maintain the antigen specificity, while modulating its interaction strength for the cognate antigen. Thus, the therapeutic potential of a given TCR can be improved by optimizing the pairing between the centric and counter hemichains.

Generating De Novo Antigen-specific Human T Cell Receptors by Retroviral Transduction of Centric Hemichain

Herein we describe a novel method to generate antigen-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) by pairing the TCR&#945; or TCR&#946; of an existing TCR, possessing the antigen-specificity of interest, with complementary hemichain of the peripheral T cell receptor repertoire. The de novo generated TCRs retain antigen-specificity with varying affinity.

יצירה<em&gt; דה נובו</em&gt; לקולטנים המצויים בתאי אנטיגן ספציפי האדם T על ידי retroviral התמרה של Centric Hemichain

T cell receptors (TCRs) are used clinically to direct the specificity of T cells to target tumors as a promising modality of immunotherapy. Therefore, ...

Streamlined Single Cell TCR Isolation and Generation of Retroviral Vectors for In Vitro and In Vivo Expression of Human TCRs

Although, several methods for sequencing of paired T cell receptor (TCR) alpha and beta chains from single T cells have been developed, none so far have been conducive to downstream in vivo functional analysis of TCR heterodimers. We have developed an improved protocol based on a two-step multiplex-nested PCR, which results in a PCR product that spans entire variable regions of a human TCR alpha and beta chains. By identifying unique restriction sites and incorporating them into the PCR primers, we have made the PCR product compatible with direct sub-cloning into the template retroviral vector. The resulting retroviral construct encodes a chimeric human/mouse TCR with a mouse intracellular domain, which is functional in mouse cells or in in vivo mouse models. Overall, the protocol described here combines human single cell paired TCR alpha and beta chain identification with streamlined generation of retroviral vectors readily adaptable for in vitro and in vivo TCR expression. The video and the accompanying material are designed to give a highly detailed description of the single cell PCR, so that the critical steps can be followed and potential pitfalls avoided. Additionally, we provide a detailed description of the cloning steps necessary to generate the expression vector. Once mastered, the whole procedure from single cell sorting to TCR expression could be performed in a short two-week period.

Streamlined Single Cell TCR Isolation and Generation of Retroviral Vectors for In Vitro and In Vivo Expression of Human TCRs

The current protocol combines single cell paired human TCR alpha and beta chain sequencing with streamlined generation of retroviral vectors compatible with in vitro and in vivo TCR expression.

יעיל בידוד TCR תא בודד, דור של וקטורים Retroviral עבור במבחנה In Vivo הביטוי של האדם TCRs

Although, several methods for sequencing of paired T cell receptor (TCR) alpha and beta chains from single T cells have been developed, none so far have ...

Lentiviral CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing for the Study of Hematopoietic Cells in Disease Models

Manipulating genes in hematopoietic stem cells using conventional transgenesis approaches can be time-consuming, expensive, and challenging. Benefiting from advances in genome editing technology and lentivirus-mediated transgene delivery systems, an efficient and economical method is described here that establishes mice in which genes are manipulated specifically in hematopoietic stem cells. Lentiviruses are used to transduce Cas9-expressing lineage-negative bone marrow cells with a guide RNA (gRNA) targeting specific genes and a red fluorescence reporter gene (RFP), then these cells are transplanted into lethally-irradiated C57BL/6 mice. Mice transplanted with lentivirus expressing non-targeting gRNA are used as controls. Engraftment of transduced hematopoietic stem cells are evaluated by flow cytometric analysis of RFP-positive leukocytes of peripheral blood. Using this method, ~90% transduction of myeloid cells and ~70% of lymphoid cells at 4 weeks after transplantation can be achieved. Genomic DNA is isolated from RFP-positive blood cells, and portions of the targeted site DNA are amplified by PCR to validate the genome editing. This protocol provides a high-throughput evaluation of hematopoiesis-regulatory genes and can be extended to a variety of mouse disease models with hematopoietic cell involvement.

Described are protocols for the highly efficient genome editing of murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) by the CRISPR/Cas9 system to rapidly develop mouse model systems with hematopoietic system-specific gene modifications.

לנטינגיו CRISPR/Cas9 בתיווך הגנום עריכה לחקר התאים המטפאות במודלים למחלות

Manipulating genes in hematopoietic stem cells using conventional transgenesis approaches can be time-consuming, expensive, and challenging. Benefiting ...

Retroviral Overexpression of CXCR4 on Murine B-1a Cells and Adoptive Transfer for Targeted B-1a Cell Migration to the Bone Marrow and IgM Production

As cell function is influenced by niche-specific factors in the cellular microenvironment, methods to dissect cell localization and migration can provide further insight on cell function. B-1a cells are a unique B cell subset in mice that produce protective natural IgM antibodies against oxidation-specific epitopes that arise during health and disease. B-1a cell IgM production differs depending on B-1a cell location, and therefore it becomes useful from a therapeutic standpoint to target B-1a localization to niches supportive of high antibody production. Here we describe a method to target B-1a cell migration to the bone marrow by retroviral-mediated overexpression of the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Gene induction in primary murine B cells can be challenging and typically yields low transfection efficiencies of 10-20% depending on technique. Here we demonstrate that retroviral transduction of primary murine B-1a cells results in 30-40% transduction efficiency. This method utilizes adoptive cell transfer of transduced B-1a cells into B cell-deficient recipient mice so that donor B-1a cell migration and localization can be visualized. This protocol can be modified for other retroviral constructs and can be used in diverse functional assays post-adoptive transfer, including analysis of donor cell or host cell phenotype and function, or analysis of soluble factors secreted post B-1a cell transfer. The use of distinct donor and recipient mice differentiated by CD45.1 and CD45.2 allotype and the presence of a GFP reporter within the retroviral plasmid could also enable detection of donor cells in other, immune-sufficient mouse models containing endogenous B cell populations.

Here we describe a method for retroviral overexpression and adoptive transfer of murine B-1a cells to examine in vivo B-1a cell migration and localization. This protocol can be extended for diverse downstream functional assays including quantification of donor B-1a cell localization or analysis of donor cell-derived secreted factors post-adoptive transfer.

Retroviral ביטוי יתר של CXCR4 על מורנה ב-1a תאים והעברה המאמצת עבור B-1a תא הגירה במח העצם ו IgM הפקה

As cell function is influenced by niche-specific factors in the cellular microenvironment, methods to dissect cell localization and migration can provide ...

Retroviral Infection of Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Embryoid Body Cells for Analysis of Hematopoietic Differentiation

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are an outstanding model for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of cellular differentiation. They are especially useful for investigating the development of early hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Gene expression in ESCs can be manipulated by several techniques that allow the role for individual molecules in development to be determined. One difficulty is that expression of specific genes often has different phenotypic effects dependent on their temporal expression. This problem can be circumvented by the generation of ESCs that inducibly express a gene of interest using technology such as the doxycycline-inducible transgene system. However, generation of these inducible cell lines is costly and time consuming. Described here is a method for disaggregating ESC-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) into single cell suspensions, retrovirally infecting the cell suspensions, and then reforming the EBs by hanging drop. Downstream differentiation is then evaluated by flow cytometry. Using this protocol, it was demonstrated that exogenous expression of a microRNA gene at the beginning of ESC differentiation blocks HPC generation. However, when expressed in EB derived cells after nascent mesoderm is produced, the microRNA gene enhances hematopoietic differentiation. This method is useful for investigating the role of genes after specific germ layer tissue is derived.

Manipulating temporal gene expression in differentiating embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be achieved using inducible gene systems. However, generation of these cell lines is costly and time consuming. This protocol achieves rapid expression of a transgene in differentiating ES-derived cells and subsequent analysis of downstream hematopoietic differentiation.

זיהום retroviral של Murine גזע עוברי תאי Embryoid גוף תא נגזר לניתוח של בידול המטופואטיות

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are an outstanding model for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of cellular differentiation. They are especially useful for ...

Retroviral התמרה של ובתאים מח עצם כדי ליצור תאי T קולטן Retrogenic עכברים

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