עבודה זו נתמכה על ידי המענק הליבה קיבל את המחלקה לביוטכנולוגיה, ממשלת הודו על המכון הלאומי לאימונולוגיה, ניו דלהי. הכתובת הנוכחית של ד ר Bhattacharjee הוא חטיבת לגסטרואנטרולוגיה, Hepatology, תזונה, החולים בלוס אנג'לס לילדים.

נהלים הוצג פרוטוקול זה אושרו על ידי ועדת אתיקה מוסדית חיה של המכון הלאומי לאימונולוגיה, ניו דלהי. מספר האישור הפניה טורי הוא IAEC #319/13.
הערה: ישנם משאבים מעולה על נהלים כירורגיה כללית20 ופרוטוקולים ספציפיים עבור ניתוח מכרסמים21. אלה עושים את הניתוח בעלי חיים בפעם הראשונה, מומלץ לתרגל בהרחבה ניתוחים על בובות ההפעלה על בעלי חיים.
1. הכנה
<ol><li>לפני הניסוי, שמור תמיסת מלח סטרילית פוספט buffered (PBS) או מוכן מלוחים.</li>
	<li>להרכיב ערכה ניתוח המכיל מספריים מלקחיים משוננות, רקמות מלקחיים, כותנה, צמר גפן, חוטי ניילון, מחט מיקרו שונים. אוטוקלב ערכת ניתוח. טיפול מיוחד יש לנקוט אם הנהון החיסון-לסיכון. SCID העכבר נכלל בפרוטוקול.</li>
	<li>בצע את ההליך ניסיוני מלאה, משלב הכנת בסוף הניתוח, הביו-הבטיחות מחלקה אני ארון.</li>
	<li>שוקלים הנהון. SCID בעכבר של 6-8 שבועות לפני הניתוח. עכברים במשקל בין 14-18 גרם משמשים במחקר זה.</li>
	<li>לגלח העליון המרכזי, היפוכונדרית אזור הבטן של העכבר הקוצץ שיער. להחיל שיער הסרת קרם אחיד בכל רחבי האזור עם מרית כדי להסיר לחלוטין את השערות החתוך. להסיר את השיער בעדינות בעזרת פיסת צמר גפן סטרילי רטוב אחרי 2-5 דקות.</li>
	<li>הנח את העכבר בתא איזופלוריין ולפתוח את הברז של הגליל חמצן. לשמור על זרימת חמצן בשיעור של 4 L/דקה את אידוי איזופלוריין ב 4% כדי לגרום הרדמה.<ol>
<li>ודא כי העכבר יש כבר מורדם כראוי על ידי הבוהן עדין לצבוט.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>להציב לוח ניתוח בפנים אבטחה בארון. במקום החיה על ניתוח הלוח, כך פונה מעלה, בחלק הבטני של העכבר ואת החלק הקדמי של העכבר ממוקם בתוך אצטרובל האף מחובר את איזופלוריין ואת אספקת החמצן.</li>
	<li>להפחית את אידוי איזופלוריין ל- 2%, לשמור עליו לאורך כל הליך כירורגי.</li>
	<li>לחטא את העור של העכבר ולחטא אותו על ידי מנגב עם ספוג אתנול 70% כותנה סטרילי.</li>
</ol>2. ניתוח
<ol><li>
Hepatectomy חלקית
	<ol>
<li>לבצע חתך רוחבי של 1 ס מ של העור מתחת החזה, בניצב תהליך מצאתי ואת במקביל בית החזה, בעזרת מספריים הפעלה ישר.</li>
		<li>נפרדים בעדינות את העור המצורפת עם השכבה שריר הבטן בקרבת האזור חרות עם מלקחיים או ניתוח סטרילי כותנה בטעימת טיפים כדי להבחין בין העור לבין שכבת שריר הבטן. משרים את האזור intradermal עם PBS באמצעות צמר גפן סטרילי טיפים כדי להתחמק לייבוש.</li>
		<li>לחשוף את האזור של האונה השמאלית בצורה חלקה על ידי ביצוע חתך רוחבי דרך השכבה הצפק מתחת מצאתי. השתמש בעצות כותנה בטעימת שני לחשוף ולהרים האונה השמאלית של הכבד.</li>
		<li>מקום אחד הטיפים כותנה בצד הבטן של החתך, ולמקם עוד טיפ כותנה בצד הסרעפת. בעדינות את הטיפ להציב כלפי הסרעפת ואת לתת דחיפה הזזה. על ידי אחרים כדי להרים את האונה השמאלית של הכבד.</li>
		<li>להחליק חוט ניילון עם לולאה דרך האונה השמאלית המורמת והחלק הלולאה לעבר הבסיס של האונה השמאלית קרוב hilum בעזרת העצות מיקרו-מלקחיים או כותנה. לדחוף בעדינות את הלולאה בחוט ניילון בבסיס האונה השמאלית.</li>
		<li>לקשור שני קצוות של חוט ניילון מעל החלק העליון של האונה השמאלית באמצעות בעל מחט למיקרו המלקחיים מיקרו. לעשות שני קשרים נוספים בצד השני.</li>
		<li>שווייץ האונה קשור בעזרת מספריים. אל תנסו לחתוך מאוד קרוב החוט. למקרה ההליך נמשך יותר מ- 5 דקות, לשמור את חלל הצפק איברים לח עם PBS סטרילי כדי להימנע לייבוש בשל אובדן נוזלים.</li>
		<li>לתפור את הצפק באמצעות רציף הפתולוגיים בתפר לאללה 4-0. לאחר מכן, לסגור את העור על-ידי תפירת מקוטע מהר ככל האפשר.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
השתלת תא הערה: hepatocytes מבטאים ה-GFP הם בודדו אותנו מהמתרחש העכברים הטרנסגניים GFP (6/C57BL-Tg (UBC-GFP) 30 Scha/J), על-פי ההליך המתואר על ידי Lee ואח. 22 , שן ואח. 23 תאים, כמו hepatocyte (NeoHep) ממוצא האנושי תריז ומונוציטים24 שימשו גם השתלת. עם זאת, תאים שמקורם מקורות אחרים עשוי לשמש גם בפרוטוקול.<ol>
<li>להשעות את התאים קיימא 0.2 מיליון ב בסביבות 50 µL של המדיום של Iscove שונה Dulbecco (IMDM), תשאף את זה בתוך מזרק אינסולין 1 מ"ל כתרים עם המחט 30 גרם. לשמור את המזרק קר על ידי הצבתו על קרח.</li>
		<li>הצב את העכבר בדרך בחלק הלטראלי השמאלי כלפי מעלה לכיוון האדם שמבצע ניתוח. לזהות את אזור הטחול ומנתחים באופן רוחבי על העור ליד האזור היפוכונדרית, ואחריו חתך קצר דרך השכבה הצפק רק כדי לחשוף את הטחול.</li>
		<li>בעדינות להרים את הטחול והחזק שאותו החוצה חלל הבטן בעזרת שני PBS לחלח טיפים כותנה.</li>
		<li>החזיקו הטחול בזהירות עם שתי עצות כותנה ביד אחת, ולמקם את המחט של המזרק בדיוק אנכית כדי הטחול. פירס הטחול ולדחוף את המחט בעדינות באיטיות פנימה; המחט לא צריך לקבל עמוקות יותר מ- 2 מ מ.</li>
		<li>לוחץ את הבוכנה של המזרק לאט כדי להזריק את התאים לתוך הטחול. לאחר ההשתלה, להשאיר את המחט של המזרק יציב ומסירים אותו לאט לאט הטחול כדי למנוע דימום או אובדן של תאים.</li>
		<li>לאחר הצבת הטחול בחזרה לתוך חלל הצפק עם העצות כותנה, לסגור את השכבה הצפק על ידי תפירת רציף 4-0 בתפר לאללה. לתפור את העור באורח מקוטע עם התפר אותו. הימנע משימוש הפצע קליפים לסגירת העור; במקום זאת, לסגור את זה על ידי בתפר 4-0. הקליפים הפצע להגביל את התנועה הטבעית של העכבר, לעיתים קרובות קליפים להיות משוחרר. וצא החוצה במהירות.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>3. לאחר הניתוח טיפול
<ol><li>לאחר סגירת העור, נגב את הסביבה של שני האתרים תפר עם יודיפלור תמיסה (betadine) באמצעות טיפ כותנה סטרילי.</li>
	<li>תזריק מנה של אנטיביוטיקה cefotaxime כמו 600 מ"ג/ק"ג משקל (בדרך כלל 12 מ"ג cefotaxime ב µL 100 של תמיסת מלח/עכבר) גוף intraperitoneally באמצעות מזרק 1 מ"ל.</li>
	<li>לתת במינון יומי של Meloxicam כאבים בתור 1 מ"ג/ק"ג משקל גוף (בדרך כלל 12 µg Meloxicam ב µL 100 של תמיסת מלח/עכבר) לחיה intraperitoneally, במשך שלושה ימים אחרי הניתוח.</li>
	<li>לאחר סיום הניתוח, מפסיקים את זרימת הגז איזופלוריין ומניחים את העכבר חזרה לכלוב מאוורר בנפרד.</li>
</ol>4. euthanization, אפיוני
<ol><li>לאחר ניסיוני והגישור (יום 1 ו- 10 ימים לאחר הניתוח), המתת חסד העכברים על פי הנחיות מוסדיים אתיקה בעלי חיים.</li>
	<li>לאסוף דם על ידי סופני דימום החיות, ניקב את מקלעת מסוף עינית.</li>
	<li>לבודד נסיוב מהדם.</li>
</ol>

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(64), (2012).</li><li>Bhattacharjee, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autologous+NeoHep+Derived+from+Chronic+Hepatitis+B+Virus+Patients'+Blood+Monocytes+by+Upregulation+of+c-MET+Signaling.">Autologous NeoHep Derived from Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Patients' Blood Monocytes by Upregulation of c-MET Signaling.</a> Stem Cells Transl. Med. 6 (1), 174-186 (2017).</li><li>Hori, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simple+and+sure+methodology+for+massive+hepatectomy+in+the+mouse.">Simple and sure methodology for massive hepatectomy in the mouse.</a> Ann. Gastroenterol. 24 (4), 307-318 (2011).</li><li>Hori, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simple+and+reproducible+hepatectomy+in+the+mouse+using+the+clip+technique.">Simple and reproducible hepatectomy in the mouse using the clip technique.</a> World J. Gastroenterol. 18 (22), 2767-2774 (2012).</li><li>Vidal, I., Richert, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+nude+mouse+as+model+for+liver+deficiency+study+and+treatment+xenotransplantation.">The nude mouse as model for liver deficiency study and treatment xenotransplantation.</a> Int. J. Hepatol. , 1400147 (2012).</li><li>Mitchell, C., Willenbring, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+reproducible+and+well-tolerated+method+for+2/3+partial+hepatectomy+in+mice.">A reproducible and well-tolerated method for 2/3 partial hepatectomy in mice.</a> Nat. Protoc. 3 (7), 1167-1170 (2008).</li><li>Ahmed, S. U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+subcutaneous+and+intrahepatic+human+hepatocellular+carcinoma+xenografts+in+immunodeficient+mice.">Generation of subcutaneous and intrahepatic human hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts in immunodeficient mice.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (79), e50544 (2013).</li><li>Krikri, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+vs.+open+abdominal+surgery+in+male+pigs:+marked+differences+in+cortisol+and+catecholamine+response+depending+on+the+size+of+surgical+incision.">Laparoscopic vs. open abdominal surgery in male pigs: marked differences in cortisol and catecholamine response depending on the size of surgical incision.</a> Hormones (Athens). 12 (2), 283-291 (2013).</li></ol>

המחברים אין לחשוף.

Hepatectomy חלקית היא טכניקה הוקמה עבור החקירה התחדשות הכבד, hepatectomy מוגזמת הוא דיווח כדי לחקות את מודל AHF. בין מודלים חייתיים של AHF, מכרסמים, עכברים במיוחד, הם המודל הכי חקר. כדי להשיג פגיעה בכבד מודל בעכברים, עד hepatectomy 70% דווח עם הישרדות טוב שיעור25,26. עם זאת בעירום, עכ...

כיום, השתלת hepatocyte מוצע כחלופה השתלת איברים כל בטיפול בחולים לאחר הפרעות כבד קשות. הוא האמין כי זה יכול לגשר בין חולים השתלת איברים כל1. בנוסף allogenic hepatocytes2, xenogenic hepatocytes3 ו hepatocytes שמקורם בתאי גזע4 גם נחקר במודלים של בעלי חיים. בהקשר זה, יונת, engraftment הפוטנציאל של התאים המושתלים של הנמען הוא קריטריון חשוב עבור טיפול בתאי מבוסס על כשל של הכבד חריפה (AHF).
עבור חוקרים את השתלת hepatocytes או תאים דמויי hepatocyte5, AHF נוצרת במודל חיה כירורגי6 או תרופתי7 נהלים, ואחריו משתילים תאים. כדי להפוך מודל חיה AHF על ידי ריאגנטים תרופתי, hepatotoxins רבים כגון d-galactosamine8, פרצטמול9, פחמן tetrachloride10, thioacetamide11, Concanavalin A12, ליפופוליסכריד13 , ועוד., היו בשימוש. מתוך רשימה זו, כל ריאגנט יוצר קבוצת תכונות ייחודיות עבור AHF, אך למרבה הצער לא מגיב יחיד מחקה את AHF האנושית. יתר על כן, AHF שנגזרות hepatotoxins אורכת זמן רב, אשר מעמידה חיות תחת מתח כרוני, ויש תוצאות לשחזור קשה להשיג.
מצד שני, ההליך הכירורגי של חלקי hepatectomy (PHx) היא מיומנות התלויים, תוצאות לשחזור קל להשיג לאחר פיתוח הכישורים הנדרשים. כדי לגרום AHF על ידי התערבות כירורגית לבד, נדרשת כריתה של יותר מ 70% של הכבד; עם זאת, פחות ממה hepatectomy 70% עדיין יכול להיות מנוצל כדי ללמוד engraftment והתפשטות של מושתלים תאי הכבד לניתוח יכולת טיפולית שלהם במהלך פגיעה בכבד14. ההשתלה של hepatocytes כבר hepatectomy פוסט שבוצעו דרך ה צפק15, וריד הזנב16, וריד הכבד17או את הטחול18. כיום, וריד הכבד אינפוזיה והשתלות intrasplenic של hepatocytes הן ההליכים מועדף, הם יותר קל להתרבות.
בנייר זה, תארנו הליך של hepatectomy חלקי 30% ב במנוד ראש. SCID (הנהון. CB17-Prkdcscid/J) שבו טוחנות האונה השמאלית של הכבד הוא עכברים. זה ואחריו השתלת hepatocytes העכבר (6/C57BL-Tg (UBC-GFP) 30Scha/J) לביטוי GFP 0.2 מיליון וכן מקור אנושי NeoHep19 של הטחול. הליך זה מוביל engraftment של התאים המושתלים בכבד. ההליך זה לפחות פולשני, טכניקה כואב מינימלית.

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			<td>Sterilised Surgical Needled Suture Catgut Chromic</td>
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			<td>Local Procurement</td>
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			<td style="width:255px;">3M India ; India</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1530-1</td>
			<td>Micropore Surgical Tape</td>
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			<td style="width:255px;">Life technologies, Thermo Fisher scientific ; US</td>
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			<td>25608-930</td>
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			<td style="width:119px;">PA126081</td>
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			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td style="width:255px;">Coral Clinical System, India</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:411px;">Hematoxylin Solution, Mayer&#39;s</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Sigma ; US</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MHS16</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td style="width:255px;">Sigma ; US</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">HT110132</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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	</tbody>
</table>

intrasplenic transplantation of hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy in nod.scid mice

Hepatectomy חלקית היא שיטה לשחזור רב-תכליתי ללמוד התחדשות הכבד ואת השפעת התא מבוסס הרפוי בתנאים פתולוגיים שונים. Hepatectomy חלקית מקלה גם engraftment מוגבר של התפשטות התאים המושתלים על ידי מאיץ כורוידאלית ואת נדידת תאים לכיוון הכבד. כאן, אנו מתארים פרוטוקול פשוט עבור מבצע 30% hepatectomy והשתלת תאי הטחול של שאינו שמנים סוכרת/חמור בשילוב הנד immunodeficient. SCID (הנהון. CB17-Prkdcscid/J) העכבר.
בהליך זה, מתבצעים שני חתכים קטנים. החתך הראשוני היא לחשוף ולאחר נכרות האונה השמאלית של הכבד, והוא חתך קטן אחר עשוי לחשוף את הטחול כבר intrasplenic של תאים. הליך זה אינו דורש כל כישורים מיוחדים, ניתן להשלים אותו תוך 5-7 דקות עם פחות לחץ, כאב, התאוששות מהירה יותר של הישרדות טוב יותר. הראו את השתלת של hepatocytes מבודד של חלבון פלואורסצנטי ירוק (GFP) המבטאת העכבר (הטרנסגניים C57BL/6-Tg (UBC-GFP) 30Scha/J), כמו גם hepatocyte כמו תאים ממקור אנושי (NeoHep) ב חלקית hepatectomized במנוד ראש. SCID עכברים.

Hepatocyte התפשטות לאחר hepatectomy חלקי 30%: התפשטות hepatocytes הנותרים הכבד לאחר 30% hepatectomy נבדק על ידי immunohistochemical (IHC) צביעת עבור סמן התפשטות תאים, Ki-67. פוסט יום אחד hepatectomy, העכברים היו מורדמים, האונות הכבד הנותרים היו טוחנות, פרפין מקטעים התקבלו. הסעיפים היו מוכתמים נוגדן Ki-67, ואחריו labelling עם חזרת pero...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Intrasplenic Transplantation of Hepatocytes After Partial Hepatectomy in NOD.SCID Mice at JoVE.com

Intrasplenic Transplantation of Hepatocytes After Partial Hepatectomy in NOD.SCID Mice

תארנו פרוטוקול לביצוע חלקי hepatectomy (PHx), השתלת תא באמצעות הטחול ב במנוד ראש. SCID (הנהון. CB17-Prkdcscid/J) עכברים. ב פרוטוקול זה, חתך לחשוף ולאחר נכרות האונה השמאלית של הכבד, ואחריו עוד חתך השתלת intrasplenic של תאים.

השתלת intrasplenic של Hepatocytes לאחר Hepatectomy חלקית ב במנוד ראש. SCID עכברים

Partial hepatectomy is a versatile and reproducible method to study liver regeneration and the effect of cell based therapeutics in various pathological ...

intrasplenic-transplantation-hepatocytes-after-partial-hepatectomy

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

13.9K Views.  National Institute of Immunology. תארנו פרוטוקול לביצוע חלקי hepatectomy (PHx), השתלת תא באמצעות הטחול ב במנוד ראש. SCID (הנהון. CB17-Prkdcscid/J) עכברים. ב פרוטוקול זה, חתך לחשוף ולאחר נכרות האונה השמאלית של הכבד, ואחריו עוד חתך השתלת intrasplenic של תאים.

Video: Intrasplenic Transplantation of Hepatocytes After Partial Hepatectomy in NOD.SCID Mice

Mammary Transplantation of Stromal Cells and Carcinoma Cells in C57BL/6J Mice

The influence of stromal cells, including fibroblasts on mammary tumor progression has been well documented through the use of mouse models, in particular through transplantation of stromal cells and epithelial cells in the mammary gland of mice. Current transplantation models often involve the use of immunocompromised mice due to the different genetic backgrounds of stromal cells and epithelial cells. Extracellular matrices are often used to embed the two different cell types for consistent cell-cell interactions, but involve the use of Matrigel or rat tail collagen, which are immunogenic substrates. The lack of functional T cells from immunocompromised mice prevents accurate assessment of stromal cells on mammary tumor progression in vivo, with important implications on drug development and efficacy. Moreover, immunocompromised mice are costly, hard to breed and require special care conditions. To overcome these obstacles, we have developed an approach to orthotopically transplant stromal cell and epithelial cells into mice from the same genetic background to induce consistent tumor formation. This system involves harvesting normal, carcinoma associated fibroblasts, PyVmT mammary carcinoma cells and collagen from donor C57BL/6J mice. The cells are then embedded in collagen and transplanted in the inguinal mammary glands of female C57BL/6J mice. Transplantation of PyVmT cells alone form palpable tumors 30-40 days post transplantation. Endpoint analysis at 60 days indicates that co-transplantation with fibroblasts enhances mammary tumor growth compared to PyVmT cells transplanted alone. While cells and matrix from C57BL/6J mice were used in these studies, the isolation of cells and matrix and transplantation approach may be applied towards mice from different genetic backgrounds demonstrating versatility. In summary, this system may be used to investigate molecular interactions between stromal cells and epithelial cells, and overcomes critical limitations in immunocompromised mouse models.

In this report, we demonstrate a system to isolate and culture donor cells from the mouse mammary gland, and orthotopically transplant these cells in recipient mice to analyze stromal: epithelial interactions during mammary tumor development.

השתלה של תאים סטרומה החלב ותאי קרצינומה של עכברים C57BL/6J

The influence of stromal cells, including fibroblasts on mammary tumor progression has been well documented through the use of mouse models, in particular ...

Orthotopic Aortic Transplantation in Mice for the Study of Vascular Disease

Vascular procedures involving anastomoses in the mouse are generally thought to be difficult and highly dependent on the skill of the individual surgeon. This is largely true, but there are a number of important principles that can reduce the difficulty of these procedures and enhance reproducibility. Orthotopic aortic transplantation is an excellent procedure in which to learn these principles because it involves only two end-to-end anastomoses, but requires good suturing technique and handling of the vessels for consistent success. This procedure begins with the procurement of a length of abdominal aorta from a donor animal, followed by division of the native aorta in the recipient. The procured aorta is then placed between the divided ends of the recipient aorta and sutured into place using end-to-end anastomoses. To accomplish this objective successfully requires a high degree of concentration, good tools, a steady hand, and an appreciation of how easily the vasculature of a mouse can be damaged, resulting in thrombosis. Learning these important principles is what occupies most of the beginner's time when learning microsurgery in small rodents. Throughout this protocol, we refer to these important points. This model can be used to study vascular disease in a variety of different experimental systems1-8. In the context shown here, it is most often used for the study of post-transplant vascular disease, a common long-term complication of solid organ transplantation in which intimal hyperplasia occurs within the allograft. The primary advantage of the model is that it facilitates quantitative morphometric analyses and the transplanted vessel lies contiguous to the endogenous vessel, which can serve as an additional control9. The technique shown here is most often used for mice weighing 18-25 grams. We have accumulated most of our experience using the C57BL/6J, BALB/cJ, and C3H/HeJ strains.

We describe a technique in which a section of the abdominal aorta from a mouse is transplanted orthotopically to just below the renal arteries in an allogeneic or syngeneic recipient. This technique can be useful in studies in which transplantation of large arteries of uniform size is deemed advantageous.

השתלת אב עורקים בעכברי orthotopic לחקר מחלת כלי דם

Vascular procedures involving anastomoses in the mouse are generally thought to be difficult and highly dependent on the skill of the individual surgeon. ...

Surgical Procedures for a Rat Model of Partial Orthotopic Liver Transplantation with Hepatic Arterial Reconstruction

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in rats using a whole or partial graft is an indispensable experimental model for transplantation research, such as studies on graft preservation and ischemia-reperfusion injury 1,2, immunological responses 3,4, hemodynamics 5,6, and small-for-size syndrome 7. The rat OLT is among the most difficult animal models in experimental surgery and demands advanced microsurgical skills that take a long time to learn. Consequently, the use of this model has been limited. Since the reliability and reproducibility of results are key components of the experiments in which such complex animal models are used, it is essential for surgeons who are involved in rat OLT to be trained in well-standardized and sophisticated procedures for this model.
While various techniques and modifications of OLT in rats have been reported 8 since the first model was described by Lee et al. 9 in 1973, the elimination of the hepatic arterial reconstruction 10 and the introduction of the cuff anastomosis technique by Kamada et al. 11 were a major advancement in this model, because they simplified the reconstruction procedures to a great degree. In the model by Kamada et al., the hepatic rearterialization was also eliminated. Since rats could survive without hepatic arterial flow after liver transplantation, there was considerable controversy over the value of hepatic arterialization. However, the physiological superiority of the arterialized model has been increasingly acknowledged, especially in terms of preserving the bile duct system 8,12 and the liver integrity 8,13,14.
In this article, we present detailed surgical procedures for a rat model of OLT with hepatic arterial reconstruction using a 50% partial graft after ex vivo liver resection. The reconstruction procedures for each vessel and the bile duct are performed by the following methods: a 7-0 polypropylene continuous suture for the supra- and infrahepatic vena cava; a cuff technique for the portal vein; and a stent technique for the hepatic artery and the bile duct.

Orthotopic liver transplantation in rats is an indispensable experimental model for biomedical research. Here we present our surgical procedures for orthotopic rat liver transplantation with hepatic arterial reconstruction using a 50% partial graft.

ניתוחים למודל חולדה של השתלה כבדה orthotopic חלקית עם שחזור עורקית כבדיה

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in rats using a whole or partial graft is an indispensable experimental model for transplantation research, such as ...

Heterotopic Cervical Heart Transplantation in Mice

The heterotopic cervical heart transplantation in mice is a valuable tool in transplant and cardiovascular research. The cuff technique greatly simplifies this model by avoiding challenging suture anastomoses of small vessels thereby reducing warm ischemia time. In comparison to abdominal graft implantation the cervical model is less invasive and the implanted graft is easily accessible for further follow-up examinations. Anastomoses are performed by pulling the ascending aorta of the graft over the cuff with the recipient&#8217;s common carotid artery and by pulling the main pulmonary artery over the cuff with the external jugular vein. Selection of appropriate cuff size and complete mobilization of the vessels are important for successful revascularization. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury can be minimized by perfusing the graft with a cardioplegic solution and by hypothermia. In this article, we provide technical details for a simplified and improved cuff technique, which should allow surgeons with basic microsurgical skills to perform the procedure with a high success rate.

The cuff technique shortens and facilitates the model of heterotopic cervical heart transplantation in mice by avoiding technically challenging suture anastomoses of small vessels. The technical details shown in this video paper should allow researches to establish this model in their laboratories.

Heterotopic צוואר הרחם לב השתלה בעכברים

The heterotopic cervical heart transplantation in mice is a valuable tool in transplant and cardiovascular research. The cuff technique greatly simplifies ...

Visualization of Vascular and Parenchymal Regeneration after 70% Partial Hepatectomy in Normal Mice

A modified silicone injection procedure was used for visualization of the hepatic vascular tree. This procedure consisted of in-vivo injection of the silicone compound, via a 26 G catheter, into the portal or hepatic vein. After silicone injection, organs were explanted and prepared for ex-vivo micro-CT (&#181;CT) scanning. The silicone injection procedure is technically challenging. Achieving a successful outcome requires extensive microsurgical experience from the surgeon. One of the challenges of this procedure involves determining the adequate perfusion rate for the silicone compound. The perfusion rate for the silicone compound needs to be defined based on the hemodynamic of the vascular system of interest. Inappropriate perfusion rate can lead to an incomplete perfusion, artificial dilation and rupturing of vascular trees.
The 3D reconstruction of the vascular system was based on CT scans and was achieved using preclinical software such as HepaVision. The quality of the reconstructed vascular tree was directly related to the quality of silicone perfusion. Subsequently computed vascular parameters indicative of vascular growth, such as total vascular volume, were calculated based on the vascular reconstructions. Contrasting the vascular tree with silicone allowed for subsequent histological work-up of the specimen after &#181;CT scanning. The specimen can be subjected to serial sectioning, histological analysis and whole slide scanning, and thereafter to 3D reconstruction of the vascular trees based on histological images. This is the prerequisite for the detection of molecular events and their distribution with respect to the vascular tree. This modified silicone injection procedure can also be used to visualize and reconstruct the vascular systems of other organs. This technique has the potential to be extensively applied to studies concerning vascular anatomy and growth in various animal and disease models.

Tools used for visualizing vascular regeneration require methods for contrasting the vascular trees. This film demonstrated a delicate injection technique used to achieve optimal contrasting of the vascular trees and illustrate the potential benefits resulting from a detailed analysis of the resulting specimen using &#181;CT and histological serial sections.

ויזואליזציה של התחדשות כלי דם Parenchymal לאחר 70% חלקיות כריתה בעכברים נורמליים

A modified silicone injection procedure was used for visualization of the hepatic vascular tree. This procedure consisted of in-vivo injection of the ...

Re-Arterialized Rat Partial Liver Transplantation with an in vivo Vessel-Oriented 70% Hepatectomy

Split liver transplantation and living liver donor liver transplantation were developed in the clinic to utilize liver organs in a more efficient manner. To better understand the mechanism behind these surgical procedures, a rat partial liver transplantation (PLTx) model was established for relevant surgical studies. Because of the complexity of the rat PLTx model, a protocol with detailed descriptions is required. An article published previously reported a protocol in which ex vivo hepatectomy was used to achieve 50% rat PLTx. In contrast to this protocol, we introduced a re-arterialized PLTx with an in vivo 70% hepatectomy. An updated vessel-oriented hepatectomy was incorporated into the rat PLTx to refine the microsurgical procedure. The portal veins and hepatic arteries of the left lateral lobe and the median lobe were individually dissected and ligated before removal of the liver parenchyma, thereby decreasing the probability of bleeding in the remnant liver stump. Furthermore, an end-to-side vessel anastomosis between the common hepatic artery and the enlarged proper hepatic artery was introduced to re-arterialize the hepatic artery. By using this end-to-side vessel anastomosis technique, the diameter of the anastomosis was enlarged, thereby decreasing the difficulty of hand suture and maintaining a high rate of anastomotic patency. Moreover, the cuff anastomosis of the infrahepatic vena cava was slightly modified. A section of circumferential liver parenchyma around the vena cava of a recipient was preserved during cuff anastomosis to maintain the three-dimensional shape of the vascular lumen. This section of liver parenchyma was removed after completing the anastomosis. With this modification, the step involving placement of stay sutures was omitted, thereby further shortening the cuff anastomosis time. By using this protocol of rat PLTx, a low liver enzyme level, an intact liver lobular architecture and a high survival rate were achieved after microsurgery.

Re-Arterialized Rat Partial Liver Transplantation with an in vivo Vessel-Oriented 70% Hepatectomy

Here, a protocol involving re-arterialized rat partial liver transplantation is presented. Specifically, 70% liver was resected in vivo by using an updated technique of vessel-oriented hepatectomy. The hepatic artery was reconstructed in an end-to-side manner. The cuff technique was modified to shorten the anastomosis time of the infrahepatic vena cava.

מחדש Arterialized השתלת הכבד חלקית עכברוש עם ויוו מונחה כלי 70% Hepatectomy

Split liver transplantation and living liver donor liver transplantation were developed in the clinic to utilize liver organs in a more efficient manner. ...

Transplantation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Sheet to Reduce Leakage After Partial Colectomy in A Rat Model

Anastomotic leakage is a disastrous complication after colorectal surgery. Although current methods for leakage prevention have different levels of clinical efficacy, they are until now imperfect solutions. Stem cell therapy using ASC sheets could provide a solution to this problem. ASCs are considered as promising candidates for promoting tissue healing because of their trophic and immunomodulatory properties. Here, we provide methods to produce high-density ASC sheets, that are transplanted onto a colorectal anastomosis in a rat model to reduce the leakage. ASCs formed cell sheets in thermo-responsive culture dishes that could be easily detached. On the day of the transplantation, a partial colectomy with a 5-suture colorectal anastomosis was performed. Animals were immediately transplanted with 1 ASC sheet per rat. ASC sheets adhered spontaneously to the anastomosis without any glue, suture, or any biomaterial. Animal groups were sacrificed 3 and 7 days postoperatively. Compared to transplanted animals, the incidence of anastomotic abscesses and leakage was higher in control animals. In our model, the transplantation of ASC sheets after colorectal anastomosis was successful and associated with a lower leakage rate.

The preparation and transplantation of adipose tissue derived stem cell (ASC) sheets onto insufficiently sutured colorectal anastomoses in a rat model is presented. This novel application shows that ASC sheets can reduce colorectal anastomosis leakage.

השתלת תאי רקמת שומן-Derived גיליון כדי להפחית את זליגת לאחר קיצור קיבה חלקית במודל של עכברים

Anastomotic leakage is a disastrous complication after colorectal surgery. Although current methods for leakage prevention have different levels of ...

Lentiviral Vector-mediated Gene Therapy of Hepatocytes Ex Vivo for Autologous Transplantation in Swine

Gene therapy is an ideal choice to cure many inborn errors of metabolism of the liver. Ex-vivo, lentiviral vectors have been used successfully in the treatment of many hematopoietic diseases in humans, as their use offers stable transgene expression due to the vector&#39;s ability to integrate into the host genome. This method demonstrates the application of ex vivo gene therapy of hepatocytes to a large animal model of hereditary tyrosinemia type I. This process consists of 1) isolation of primary hepatocytes from the autologous donor/recipient animal, 2) ex vivo gene delivery via hepatocyte transduction with a lentiviral vector, and 3) autologous transplant of corrected hepatocytes via portal vein injection. Success of the method generally relies upon efficient and sterile removal of the liver resection, careful handling of the excised specimen for isolation of viable hepatocytes sufficient for re-engrafting, high-percentage transduction of the isolated cells, and aseptic surgical procedures throughout to prevent infection. Technical failure at any of these steps will result in low yield of viable transduced hepatocytes for autologous transplant or infection of the donor/recipient animal. The pig model of human type 1 hereditary tyrosinemia (HT-1) chosen for this approach is uniquely amenable to such a method, as even a small percentage of engraftment of corrected cells will lead to repopulation of the liver with healthy cells based on a powerful selective advantage over native-diseased hepatocytes. Although this growth selection will not be true for all indications, this approach is a foundation for expansion into other indications and allows for manipulation of this environment to address additional diseases, both within the liver and beyond, while controlling for exposure to viral vector and opportunity for off-target toxicity and tumorigenicity.

Lentiviral Vector-mediated Gene Therapy of Hepatocytes Ex Vivo for Autologous Transplantation in Swine

This protocol is intended to describe porcine hepatocyte isolation and ex vivo gene delivery to cure models of metabolic diseases via autologous cell transplantation. Although this particular model enjoys unique advantages that favor successful therapy, the application is a relevant foundation to address additional diseases and indications.

Lentiviral בתיווך וקטור ריפוי גנטי של Hepatocytes לשעבר Vivo עבור השתלת עצמיים של החזירים

Gene therapy is an ideal choice to cure many inborn errors of metabolism of the liver. Ex-vivo, lentiviral vectors have been used successfully in the ...

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a clinical condition caused by various etiologies resulting in the loss of metabolic, biochemical, synthesizing, and detoxifying functions of the liver. In most irreversible liver damage cases, orthotropic liver transplant (OLT) remains the only available treatment. To study the therapeutic potential of a treatment for ALF, its prior testing in an animal model of ALF is essential. In the current study, an ALF model in rats was developed by combining 70% partial hepatectomy (PHx) and injections of acetaminophen (APAP) that provides a therapeutic window of 48 h. The median and left lateral lobes of the liver were removed to excise 70% of the liver mass and APAP was given 24 h postsurgically for 2 days. Survival in ALF-induced animals was found to be severely decreased. The development of ALF was confirmed by altered serum levels of the enzymes alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP); changes in prothrombin time (PT); and assessment of the international normalized ratio (INR). Study of the gene expression profile by qPCR revealed an increase in expression levels of genes involved in apoptosis, inflammation, and in the progression of liver injury. Diffused degeneration of hepatocytes and infiltration of immune cells was observed by histological evaluation. The reversibility of ALF was confirmed by the restoration of survival and serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP after intrasplenic transplantation of syngeneic healthy rat hepatocytes. This model presents a reliable alternative to the available ALF animal models to study the pathophysiology of ALF as well as to evaluate the potential of a novel therapy for ALF. The use of two different approaches also makes it possible to study the combined effect of physical and drug-induced liver injury. The reproducibility and feasibility of current procedure is an added benefit of the model.

The acute liver failure animal model developed in the current study presents a feasible alternative for the study of potential therapies. The current model employs the combined effect of physical and drug-induced hepatic injury and provides a suitable time window to study the potential of novel therapies.

הדור של מודל עכברוש של אי ספיקת כבד חריפה על ידי שילוב 70% כריתת הריאה חלקית ופרצטמול

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a clinical condition caused by various etiologies resulting in the loss of metabolic, biochemical, synthesizing, and ...

Reduced Complications after Arterial Reconnection in a Rat Model of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

The rat orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) model is a powerful tool to study acute and chronic rejection. However, it is not a complete representation of human liver transplantation due to the absence of arterial reconnection. Described here is a modified transplantation procedure that includes the incorporation of hepatic artery (HA) reconnection, leading to a marked improvement in transplant outcomes. With a mean anhepatic time of 12 min and 14 s, HA reconnection results in improved perfusion of the transplanted liver and an increase in long-term recipient survival from 37.5% to 88.2%. This protocol includes the use of 3D-printed cuffs and holders to connect the portal vein and infrahepatic inferior vena cava. It can be implemented for studying multiple aspects of liver transplantation, from immune response and infection to technical aspects of the procedure. By incorporating a simple and practical method for arterial reconnection using a microvascular technique, this modified rat OLT protocol closely mimics aspects of human liver transplantation and will serve as a valuable and clinically relevant research model.

The goal of this study is to modify the rat orthotopic liver transplant model to better represent human liver transplantation and improve recipient survival. The presented method reestablishes hepatic arterial inflow by connecting the donor liver&#39;s common hepatic artery to the recipient liver&#39;s proper hepatic artery.

סיבוכים מופחתים לאחר חיבור מחדש עורקי במודל חולדה של השתלת כבד אורתוטופית

The rat orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) model is a powerful tool to study acute and chronic rejection. However, it is not a complete representation ...