אנו מודים המעבדה Moser במכון נאוולי עבור מערכות Neuroscience ומרכז לחישוביות עצבית, אוניברסיטת הנורבגית של מדע וטכנולוגיה, עבור הכרוני עצבית הקלטה הליכים בחולדות. עבודה זו נתמכה על ידי מענק-NIH R21 NS098146, האדם הגבול המדע תוכנית ארוך טווח מלגת LT000211/2016-L לל' Lu.

<ol>
	<li>O'Keefe, J., Recce, M. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phase+relationship+between+hippocampal+place+units+and+the+EEG+theta+rhythm.">Phase relationship between hippocampal place units and the EEG theta rhythm.</a> Hippocampus. 3 (3), 317-330 (1993).</li><li>Wilson, M. A., McNaughton, B. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamics+of+the+hippocampal+ensemble+code+for+space.">Dynamics of the hippocampal ensemble code for space.</a> Science. 261 (5124), 1055-1058 (1993).</li><li>Gothard, K. M., Skaggs, W. E., Moore, K. M., McNaughton, B. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Binding+of+hippocampal+CA1+neural+activity+to+multiple+reference+frames+in+a+landmark-based+navigation+task.">Binding of hippocampal CA1 neural activity to multiple reference frames in a landmark-based navigation task.</a> J Neurosci. 16 (2), 823-835 (1996).</li><li>Gray, C. M., Maldonado, P. E., Wilson, M., McNaughton, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tetrodes+markedly+improve+the+reliability+and+yield+of+multiple+single-unit+isolation+from+multi-unit+recordings+in+cat+striate+cortex.">Tetrodes markedly improve the reliability and yield of multiple single-unit isolation from multi-unit recordings in cat striate cortex.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 63 (1-2), 43-54 (1995).</li><li>Buzsaki, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large-scale+recording+of+neuronal+ensembles.">Large-scale recording of neuronal ensembles.</a> Nat Neurosci. 7 (5), 446-451 (2004).</li><li>Fyhn, M., Hafting, T., Witter, M. P., Moser, E. I., Moser, M. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Grid+cells+in+mice.">Grid cells in mice.</a> Hippocampus. 18 (12), 1230-1238 (2008).</li><li>Skaggs, W. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=EEG+sharp+waves+and+sparse+ensemble+unit+activity+in+the+macaque+hippocampus.">EEG sharp waves and sparse ensemble unit activity in the macaque hippocampus.</a> J Neurophysiol. 98 (2), 898-910 (2007).</li><li>Guo, P., Pollack, A. J., Varga, A. G., Martin, J. P., Ritzmann, R. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracellular+wire+tetrode+recording+in+brain+of+freely+walking+insects.">Extracellular wire tetrode recording in brain of freely walking insects.</a> J Vis Exp. (86), (2014).</li><li>Knierim, J. J., McNaughton, B. L., Poe, G. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-dimensional+spatial+selectivity+of+hippocampal+neurons+during+space+flight.">Three-dimensional spatial selectivity of hippocampal neurons during space flight.</a> Nat Neurosci. 3 (3), 209-210 (2000).</li><li>Leutgeb, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Independent+codes+for+spatial+and+episodic+memory+in+hippocampal+neuronal+ensembles.">Independent codes for spatial and episodic memory in hippocampal neuronal ensembles.</a> Science. 309 (5734), 619-623 (2005).</li><li>Lansink, C. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+split+microdrive+for+simultaneous+multi-electrode+recordings+from+two+brain+areas+in+awake+small+animals.">A split microdrive for simultaneous multi-electrode recordings from two brain areas in awake small animals.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 162 (1-2), 129-138 (2007).</li><li>Kloosterman, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Micro-drive+array+for+chronic+in+vivo+recording:+drive+fabrication.">Micro-drive array for chronic in vivo recording: drive fabrication.</a> J Vis Exp. (26), (2009).</li><li>. Google Patents Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5928143">https://www.google.com/patents/US5928143</a> (1999)</li><li>Redish, A. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Independence+of+firing+correlates+of+anatomically+proximate+hippocampal+pyramidal+cells.">Independence of firing correlates of anatomically proximate hippocampal pyramidal cells.</a> J Neurosci. 21 (5), RC134 (2001).</li><li>Schmitzer-Torbert, N., Redish, A. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuronal+activity+in+the+rodent+dorsal+striatum+in+sequential+navigation:+separation+of+spatial+and+reward+responses+on+the+multiple+T+task.">Neuronal activity in the rodent dorsal striatum in sequential navigation: separation of spatial and reward responses on the multiple T task.</a> J Neurophysiol. 91 (5), 2259-2272 (2004).</li><li>Nguyen, D. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Micro-drive+array+for+chronic+in+vivo+recording:+tetrode+assembly.">Micro-drive array for chronic in vivo recording: tetrode assembly.</a> J Vis Exp. (26), (2009).</li><li>Chang, E. H., Frattini, S. A., Robbiati, S., Huerta, P. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Construction+of+microdrive+arrays+for+chronic+neural+recordings+in+awake+behaving+mice.">Construction of microdrive arrays for chronic neural recordings in awake behaving mice.</a> J Vis Exp. (77), e50470 (2013).</li><li>Vandecasteele, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large-scale+recording+of+neurons+by+movable+silicon+probes+in+behaving+rodents.">Large-scale recording of neurons by movable silicon probes in behaving rodents.</a> J Vis Exp. (61), e3568 (2012).</li><li>Siegle, J. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronically+implanted+hyperdrive+for+cortical+recording+and+optogenetic+control+in+behaving+mice.">Chronically implanted hyperdrive for cortical recording and optogenetic control in behaving mice.</a> Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011, 7529-7532 (2011).</li><li>Brunetti, P. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Design+and+fabrication+of+ultralight+weight,+adjustable+multi-electrode+probes+for+electrophysiological+recordings+in+mice.">Design and fabrication of ultralight weight, adjustable multi-electrode probes for electrophysiological recordings in mice.</a> J Vis Exp. (91), e51675 (2014).</li><li>. Google Patents Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/patents/US4575330">https://www.google.com/patents/US4575330</a> (1986)</li><li>Ludvig, N., Potter, P. E., Fox, S. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simultaneous+single-cell+recording+and+microdialysis+within+the+same+brain+site+in+freely+behaving+rats:+a+novel+neurobiological+method.">Simultaneous single-cell recording and microdialysis within the same brain site in freely behaving rats: a novel neurobiological method.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 55 (1), 31-40 (1994).</li></ol>

המחברים אין לחשוף.

כאן, אנו מתארים את התהליך של בניית דחף פיתח מורכבת 18 tetrodes מטלטלין באופן עצמאי. ניתן לבנות את הכונן מחלקים במחיר סביר לרכוש בחנויות רבות זמין חומרה, בשילוב עם רכיבים שנוצרו על-ידי הדפסת stereolithographic. הנעת יכול להיות קטנטנים באופן כרוני על הגולגולת של עכברוש באמצעות הליכים כירורגיים סטנדרטיים, ...

בתחום מדעי המוח מערכות, מדענים חוקרים את ה"מפה עצבית שבבסיס תהליכים קוגניטיביים כגון ניווט מרחבי, זיכרון, קבלת החלטות. עבור אלה סוגים של מחקרים, חיוני כדי לפקח על הפעילות של נוירונים בודדים רבים במהלך התנהגות בעלי חיים. במהלך העשורים האחרונים, נעשו שתי מקדמות חשובים כדי לענות על הצרכים ניסיוני עבור הקלטת עצבית חוץ-תאית חיות קטנות1,2,3. בהתחלה היה הפיתוח של tetrode, חבילה של ארבעה microwires שישמשו להקלטת פעילות עצבית של נוירונים בו זמנית2,1,4. Amplitudes אות הפרש של פעילות על פני ארבעת הערוצים של tetrode מאפשר הבידוד של נוירון הפרט פעילות תאים בו זמנית מוקלטות רבים5. בנוסף, אופי גמיש microwires מאפשר יציבות גדול של tetrode מזעור העקירה היחסי בין tetrode של האוכלוסייה תא היעד. Tetrodes נמצאים כעת בשימוש נרחב במקום אלקטרודה אחת לחקר המוח רבים במינים שונים, לרבות מכרסמים1,2,6, פרימטים7חרקים8. שנית התפתחות דחף נשא מרובים tetrodes מטלטלין באופן עצמאי, אשר מאפשר ניטור בו זמנית של פעילות עצבית של אוכלוסיות גדולות של נוירונים מרובים הקלטה מיקומים3, 9,10,11,12.
הזמינות של מכשיר הקלטה אמינה ובמחיר של tetrode מרובה, לבעלי-חיים קטנים הוא מוגבל. חלל קלאסי, שפותחה לראשונה על ידי ברוס מקנוטון13, שימש בהצלחה להקלטות עצבית ב להתנהג בחופשיות חולדות במעבדות רבות בעבר שני עשורים9,10,14, 15. עם זאת, מסיבות טכניות, הרכיבים המקוריים הדרושים כדי לבנות את הכונן מקנוטון נמצאים כעת מאוד קשה להשיג, אינם תואמים עם נתונים משופרת לאחרונה רכישה ממשקים. העיצוב טוב מקובלים אחרים של הנעת מחייב את microdrives כדי להיות בעבודת יד, אשר יכול להניב תוצאות לא עקביות, צורכים זמן ניכר12. כדי להקליט את פעילות עצבית מאזורים שונים של המוח בחולדות להתנהג, פיתחנו דחף חדש בטכנולוגיית stereolithographic. חיפשנו לספק את הדרישות הבאות: (1) העל החדש חייב לאפשר תזוזה מדויקת של tetrodes במוח ומספקים הקלטה יציבה של אזורים מרובים היעד; (2) העל החדש חייב להיות תואם עם מערכת quickclip מגנטית שפותחה לאחרונה כדי לאפשר חיבור קל; (3) העל החדש שניתן להפיק באופן מדויק עם חומרים זמינים בקלות. כאן, אנו מספקים שיטה לבניית העל ניתנים להדפסה תלת-ממד המכיל 18 tetrodes מטלטלין באופן עצמאי, בהתבסס על העיצוב מקנוטון. בפרוטוקול, נתאר את הפרטים של תהליך ייצור של חלל חדש, שבו השתמשנו בהצלחה שיא פוטנציאל פעולה בודדת-נוירון, פוטנציאל שדה מקומי של cortices postrhinal ואת המדיאלי entorhinal בשבועות ב בחופשיות מתנהג חולדה במהלך משימות הרעיה טבעי.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Welding rod</td><td>Blue Demon</td><td>ER308L-035-01T</td><td>Stainless steel, 0.035&quot; in diameter</td></tr><tr><td>Screw</td><td>McMaster</td><td>91771A060</td><td>Stainless steel, flat head, 0-80&amp;nbsp;thread,&amp;nbsp;5/8&quot;&amp;nbsp;in length</td></tr><tr><td>Screw</td><td>McMaster</td><td>91772A051</td><td>Stainless steel, pan head, 0-80&amp;nbsp;thread,&amp;nbsp;5/32&quot;&amp;nbsp;in length</td></tr><tr><td>Screw</td><td>McMaster</td><td>92196A056</td><td>Stainless steel, socket head, 0-80&amp;nbsp;thread,&amp;nbsp;5/16&quot;&amp;nbsp;in length</td></tr><tr><td>Screw</td><td>McMaster</td><td>92196A055</td><td>Stainless steel, socket head, 0-80&amp;nbsp;thread,&amp;nbsp;1/4&quot;&amp;nbsp;in length</td></tr><tr><td>Screw</td><td>McMaster</td><td>95868A131</td><td>Nylon,&amp;nbsp; socket head, 2-56&amp;nbsp;thread,&amp;nbsp;3/16&quot;&amp;nbsp;in length, black</td></tr><tr><td>Screw nut</td><td>McMaster</td><td>90730A001</td><td>Stainless steel, narrow hex,&amp;nbsp; 0-80&amp;nbsp;thread</td></tr><tr><td>Shoulder screw</td><td>McMaster</td><td>90298A213</td><td>Stainless steel, 8-32 thread, 3/16&quot; in diameter, 1/4&quot; in length</td></tr><tr><td>Cup screw</td><td>McMaster</td><td>92313A105</td><td>Stainless steel, 4-40 thread, 3/16&quot; in length</td></tr><tr><td>Thumb screw</td><td>McMaster</td><td>94323A592</td><td>Nylon, 8-32&amp;nbsp;thread,&amp;nbsp;3/8&quot;&amp;nbsp;in length, black</td></tr><tr><td>Magnet</td><td>Apex</td><td>M3X1MMDI</td><td>Neodymium, 3 mm X 1 mm disc</td></tr><tr><td>Metal tubing</td><td>Small Parts</td><td>B00137QHNS</td><td>Stainless steel, 23 gauge, 0.0253&quot; OD, 0.013&quot; ID, 0.006&quot; wall</td></tr><tr><td>Metal tubing</td><td>New England Small Tube</td><td>Custom-made</td><td>Stainless steel, 30 gauge, 0.012/0.0125&quot; OD, 0.007/0.008&quot; ID, full hard</td></tr><tr><td>Heat-shrink tubing</td><td>McMaster</td><td>7856K72</td><td>0.09&quot; ID before shrinking, blue</td></tr><tr><td>Silicone tubing</td><td>A-M Systems</td><td>807300</td><td>0.040&quot; ID, 0.085&quot; OD</td></tr><tr><td>Polyimide tubing</td><td>A-M Systems</td><td>823400</td><td>0.0045&quot; ID, 0.0005&quot; wall</td></tr><tr><td>Ground wire</td><td>A-M Systems</td><td>791500</td><td>0.005&quot; bare, 0.008&quot; coated, half hard</td></tr><tr><td>Tetrode wire</td><td>California Fine Wire</td><td>Custom-made</td><td>0.0007&quot; in diameter, platinum-iridium (90%-10%), HML and VG coating</td></tr><tr><td>EIB</td><td>Neuralynx</td><td></td><td>EIB-72-QC-Large</td></tr><tr><td>Gold pins</td><td>Neuralynx</td><td></td><td>large EIB pins</td></tr><tr><td>Tap</td><td>Balax</td><td>01302-000</td><td>M1.2 thread size</td></tr><tr><td>Tap</td><td>McMaster</td><td>2522A811</td><td>0-80 thread size, bottoming</td></tr><tr><td>Tap</td><td>McMaster</td><td>2522A771</td><td>0-80 thread size, plug</td></tr><tr><td>Tap</td><td>McMaster</td><td>26955A94</td><td>3/8&quot;-24&amp;nbsp;thread size, bottoming</td></tr><tr><td>Tap</td><td>McMaster</td><td>2522A713</td><td>2-56&amp;nbsp;thread size</td></tr><tr><td>Tap</td><td>McMaster</td><td>2522A715</td><td>4-40&amp;nbsp;thread size</td></tr><tr><td>Tap</td><td>McMaster</td><td>2522A718</td><td>8-32&amp;nbsp;thread size</td></tr><tr><td>Die</td><td>McMaster</td><td>2576A457</td><td>3/8&quot;-24&amp;nbsp;thread size, 1&quot; OD</td></tr><tr><td>Drill bit</td><td>McMaster</td><td>30585A82</td><td>Wire gauge&amp;nbsp;65,&amp;nbsp;0.035&quot; in diameter</td></tr><tr><td>Drill bit</td><td>McMaster</td><td>30585A83</td><td>Wire gauge&amp;nbsp;66,&amp;nbsp;0.033&quot; in diameter</td></tr><tr><td>Drill bit</td><td>McMaster</td><td>30585A87</td><td>Wire gauge&amp;nbsp;70,&amp;nbsp;0.028&quot; in diameter</td></tr><tr><td>Drill bit</td><td>McMaster</td><td>30585A88</td><td>Wire gauge&amp;nbsp;71,&amp;nbsp;0.026&quot; in diameter</td></tr><tr><td>Drill bit</td><td>McMaster</td><td>30585A91</td><td>Wire gauge&amp;nbsp;73,&amp;nbsp;0.024&quot; in diameter</td></tr><tr><td>Drill bit</td><td>McMaster</td><td>8870A23</td><td>3/16&quot;&amp;nbsp;in diameter</td></tr><tr><td>Dremel disc</td><td>Wagner</td><td>31M</td><td>Diamond coated, 22 mm in diameter, 0.17 mm in thickness</td></tr><tr><td>Steel wire</td><td>Precision Brand</td><td>21212</td><td>0.012&quot; in diameter, full hard</td></tr><tr><td>Steel wire</td><td>Precision Brand</td><td>21007</td><td>0.007&quot; in diameter, full hard</td></tr><tr><td>Steel wire</td><td>A-M Systems</td><td>792700</td><td>0.003&quot; in diameter, half hard</td></tr><tr><td>Super glue</td><td>Loctite</td><td>LT-40640</td><td># 406</td></tr><tr><td>Super glue</td><td>Loctite</td><td>LT-41550</td><td># 415</td></tr><tr><td>Dental acrylic powder&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Teets</td><td>223-3773</td><td>Coral</td></tr><tr><td>Dental acrylic liquid</td><td>Teets</td><td>223-4003</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

construction of an improved multi-tetrode hyperdrive for large-scale neural recording in behaving rats

לנטר את דפוסי הפעילות של אוכלוסייה גדולה של נוירונים ימים רבים בבעלי חיים ערה היא טכניקה ערך בתחום מדעי המוח מערכות. מרכיב מפתח אחד של טכניקה זו מורכבת את המיקום המדויק של אלקטרודות מרובות אזורים במוח הרצוי שמירה על היציבות שלהם. כאן, אנו מתארים את פרוטוקול לבנייה של דחף ניתנים להדפסה תלת-ממד, אשר כוללת 18 tetrodes מתכווננות באופן עצמאי, היא תוכננה במיוחד עבור ויוו חוץ-תאית עצבית הקלטה ב להתנהג בחופשיות חולדות. Tetrodes מצורף של microdrives ניתן גם בנפרד מתקדמים לתוך אזורים במוח מרובים לאורך המסלול, או יכול לשמש כדי למקם את מערך אלקטרודות לתוך אזור קטן יותר. Tetrodes מרובים מאפשרים בחינה סימולטני של action potentials מעשרות נוירונים בודדים, כמו גם פוטנציאל שדה מקומי של אוכלוסיות של נוירונים במוח במהלך התנהגות פעיל. בנוסף, העיצוב מספק עבור תלת-ממד פשוט ניסוח תוכנה שניתן לשנותו בקלות לצרכים ניסיוני שונות.

השתמשנו דחף החדש שנבנה כדי להשיג תוצאות הניסוי. הכונן היה מצויד tetrodes בנוי ø 17 מיקרומטר (0.0007"), חוט מצופה פוליאימיד פלטינה-אירידיום (90% - 10%). קצות tetrodes מצופים בפתרון פלטינה שחור כדי להפחית impedances אלקטרודה אל בין kΩ 100 ו 200-1 kHz. הנעת הושתל 4.6 מ מ שמאל של האמצע ו- 0.5 מ מ והשתרשה עמוק בל...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Construction of an Improved Multi-Tetrode Hyperdrive for Large-Scale Neural Recording in Behaving Rats at JoVE.com

Construction of an Improved Multi-Tetrode Hyperdrive for Large-Scale Neural Recording in Behaving Rats

אנו מציגים הבנייה של דחף ניתנים להדפסה תלת-ממד עם שמונה עשר tetrodes מתכווננות באופן עצמאי. הנעת מיועד להקליט את פעילות המוח באופן חופשי להתנהג חולדות על פני תקופה של מספר שבועות.

בניית הנעת Tetrode רב משופרת עבור הקלטת עצבית בקנה מידה גדול ב מתנהג חולדות

Monitoring the activity patterns of a large population of neurons over many days in awake animals is a valuable technique in the field of systems ...

construction-an-improved-multi-tetrode-hyperdrive-for-large-scale

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

11.2K Views.  Baylor College of Medicine. אנו מציגים הבנייה של דחף ניתנים להדפסה תלת-ממד עם שמונה עשר tetrodes מתכווננות באופן עצמאי. הנעת מיועד להקליט את פעילות המוח באופן חופשי להתנהג חולדות על פני תקופה של מספר שבועות.

Video: Construction of an Improved Multi-Tetrode Hyperdrive for Large-Scale Neural Recording in Behaving Rats

Construction of Microdrive Arrays for Chronic Neural Recordings in Awake Behaving Mice

State-of-the-art electrophysiological recordings from the brains of freely behaving animals allow researchers to simultaneously examine local field potentials (LFPs) from populations of neurons and action potentials from individual cells, as the animal engages in experimentally relevant tasks. Chronically implanted microdrives allow for brain recordings to last over periods of several weeks. Miniaturized drives and lightweight components allow for these long-term recordings to occur in small mammals, such as mice. By using tetrodes, which consist of tightly braided bundles of four electrodes in which each wire has a diameter of 12.5 &mu;m, it is possible to isolate physiologically active neurons in superficial brain regions such as the cerebral cortex, dorsal hippocampus, and subiculum, as well as deeper regions such as the striatum and the amygdala. Moreover, this technique insures stable, high-fidelity neural recordings as the animal is challenged with a variety of behavioral tasks. This manuscript describes several techniques that have been optimized to record from the mouse brain. First, we show how to fabricate tetrodes, load them into driveable tubes, and gold-plate their tips in order to reduce their impedance from M&Omega; to K&Omega; range. Second, we show how to construct a custom microdrive assembly for carrying and moving the tetrodes vertically, with the use of inexpensive materials. Third, we show the steps for assembling a commercially available microdrive (Neuralynx VersaDrive) that is designed to carry independently movable tetrodes. Finally, we present representative results of local field potentials and single-unit signals obtained in the dorsal subiculum of mice. These techniques can be easily modified to accommodate different types of electrode arrays and recording schemes in the mouse brain.

The design and assembly of microdrives for in vivo electrophysiological recordings of brain signals from the mouse is described. By attaching microelectrode bundles to sturdy driveable carriers, these techniques allow for long-term and stable neural recordings. The lightweight design allows for unrestricted behavioral performance by the animal following drive implantation.

בנייה של מערכי Microdrive להקלטות עצביות כרוניות בעכברים מתנהגים ערים

State-of-the-art electrophysiological recordings from the brains of freely behaving animals allow researchers to simultaneously examine local field ...

Behavior

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making

Behavioral endocrinological research in humans as well as in animals suggests that testosterone plays a key role in social interactions. Studies in rodents have shown a direct link between testosterone and aggressive behavior1 and folk wisdom adapts these findings to humans, suggesting that testosterone induces antisocial, egoistic or even aggressive behavior2. However, many researchers doubt a direct testosterone-aggression link in humans, arguing instead that testosterone is primarily involved in status-related behavior3,4. As a high status can also be achieved by aggressive and antisocial means it can be difficult to distinguish between anti-social and status seeking behavior.
We therefore set up an experimental environment, in which status can only be achieved by prosocial means. In a double-blind and placebo-controlled experiment, we administered a single sublingual dose of 0.5 mg of testosterone (with a hydroxypropyl-&beta;-cyclodextrin carrier) to 121 women and investigated their social interaction behavior in an economic bargaining paradigm. Real monetary incentives are at stake in this paradigm; every player A receives a certain amount of money and has to make an offer to another player B on how to share the money. If B accepts, she gets what was offered and player A keeps the rest. If B refuses the offer, nobody gets anything. A status seeking player A is expected to avoid being rejected by behaving in a prosocial way, i.e. by making higher offers.
The results show that if expectations about the hormone are controlled for, testosterone administration leads to a significant increase in fair bargaining offers compared to placebo. The role of expectations is reflected in the fact that subjects who report that they believe to have received testosterone make lower offers than those who say they believe that they were treated with a placebo. These findings suggest that the experimental economics approach is sensitive for detecting neurobiological effects as subtle as those achieved by administration of hormones. Moreover, the findings point towards the importance of both psychosocial as well as neuroendocrine factors in determining the influence of testosterone on human social behavior.

The procedure described in this protocol shows that testosterone administration and folk beliefs about testosterone may be associated with directly opposed social behaviors.

שילוב של התנהגות אנדוקרינולוגיה וכלכלה ניסויית: החלטת טסטוסטרון חברתית ביצוע

Behavioral endocrinological research in humans as well as in animals suggests that testosterone plays a key role in social interactions. Studies in ...

Recording Large-scale Neuronal Ensembles with Silicon Probes in the Anesthetized Rat

Large scale electrophysiological recordings from neuronal ensembles offer the opportunity to investigate how the brain orchestrates the wide variety of behaviors from the spiking activity of its neurons. One of the most effective methods to monitor spiking activity from a large number of neurons in multiple local neuronal circuits simultaneously is by using silicon electrode arrays1-3.
Action potentials produce large transmembrane voltage changes in the vicinity of cell somata. These output signals can be measured by placing a conductor in close proximity of a neuron. If there are many active (spiking) neurons in the vicinity of the tip, the electrode records combined signal from all of them, where contribution of a single neuron is weighted by its 'electrical distance'. Silicon probes are ideal recording electrodes to monitor multiple neurons because of a large number of recording sites (+64) and a small volume. Furthermore, multiple sites can be arranged over a distance of millimeters, thus allowing for the simultaneous recordings of neuronal activity in the various cortical layers or in multiple cortical columns (Fig. 1). Importantly, the geometrically precise distribution of the recording sites also allows for the determination of the spatial relationship of the isolated single neurons4. Here, we describe an acute, large-scale neuronal recording from the left and right forelimb somatosensory cortex simultaneously in an anesthetized rat with silicon probes (Fig. 2).

Extracellular recordings of neuronal activity using silicon probes in the anesthetized rat will be described. This technique allows information to be obtained across multiple brain areas from more than 100 neurons simultaneously. It provides information with single cell resolution about neuronal ensembles dynamics in multiple local circuits.

הקלטה בקנה מידה גדול הרכבים העצבית עם בדיקות הסיליקון ב עכברוש הרדים

Large scale electrophysiological recordings from neuronal ensembles offer the opportunity to investigate how the brain orchestrates the wide variety of ...

A Wireless, Bidirectional Interface for In Vivo Recording and Stimulation of Neural Activity in Freely Behaving Rats

In vivo electrophysiology is a powerful technique to investigate the relationship between brain activity and behavior at a millisecond and micrometer scale. However, current methods mostly rely on tethered cable recordings or only use unidirectional systems, allowing either recording or stimulation of neural activity, but not at the same time or same target. Here, a new wireless, bidirectional device for simultaneous multichannel recording and stimulation of neural activity in freely behaving rats is described. The system operates through a single portable head stage that both transmits recorded activity and can be targeted in real-time for brain stimulation using a telemetry-based multichannel software. The head stage is equipped with a preamplifier and a rechargeable battery, allowing stable long-term recordings or stimulation for up to 1 h. Importantly, the head stage is compact, weighs 12 g (including battery) and thus has minimal impact on the animal&#180;s behavioral repertoire, making the method applicable to a broad set of behavioral tasks. Moreover, the method has the major advantage that the effect of brain stimulation on neural activity and behavior can be measured simultaneously, providing a tool to assess the causal relationships between specific brain activation patterns and behavior. This feature makes the method particularly valuable for the field of deep brain stimulation, allowing precise assessment, monitoring, and adjustment of stimulation parameters during long-term behavioral experiments. The applicability of the system has been validated using the inferior colliculus as a model structure.

A Wireless, Bidirectional Interface for In Vivo Recording and Stimulation of Neural Activity in Freely Behaving Rats

A wireless, bidirectional system for multi-channel neural recordings and stimulation in freely behaving rats is introduced. The system is light and compact, thus having minimal impact on the animal&#180;s behavioral repertoire. Moreover, this bidirectional system provides a sophisticated tool to assess causal relationships between brain activation patterns and behavior.

חיבור אלחוטי, ממשק דו-כיווני ההקלטה In Vivo גירוי של פעילות עצבית להתנהג בחופשיות חולדות

In vivo electrophysiology is a powerful technique to investigate the relationship between brain activity and behavior at a millisecond and micrometer ...

Large-scale Recording of Neurons by Movable Silicon Probes in Behaving Rodents

A major challenge in neuroscience is linking behavior to the collective activity of neural assemblies. Understanding of input-output relationships of neurons and circuits requires methods with the spatial selectivity and temporal resolution appropriate for mechanistic analysis of neural ensembles in the behaving animal, i.e. recording of representatively large samples of isolated single neurons. Ensemble monitoring of neuronal activity has progressed remarkably in the past decade in both small and large-brained animals, including human subjects1-11. Multiple-site recording with silicon-based devices are particularly effective because of their scalability, small volume and geometric design.
Here, we describe methods for recording multiple single neurons and local field potential in behaving rodents, using commercially available micro-machined silicon probes with custom-made accessory components. There are two basic options for interfacing silicon probes to preamplifiers: printed circuit boards and flexible cables. Probe supplying companies (<a href="http://www.neuronexustech.com/" >http://www.neuronexustech.com/</a>; <a href="http://www.sbmicrosystems.com/">http://www.sbmicrosystems.com/</a>; <a href="http://www.acreo.se/">http://www.acreo.se/</a>) usually provide the bonding service and deliver probes bonded to printed circuit boards or flexible cables. Here, we describe the implantation of a 4-shank, 32-site probe attached to flexible polyimide cable, and mounted on a movable microdrive. Each step of the probe preparation, microdrive construction and surgery is illustrated so that the end user can easily replicate the process.

We describe methods for large-scale recording of multiple single units and local field potential in behaving rodents with silicon probes. Drive fabrication, probe attachment to the drive and probe implantation processes are illustrated in sufficient details for easy replication.

בקנה מידה גדול הקלטה של ​​הנוירונים על ידי בדיקות מטלטלין סיליקון מתנהג מכרסמים

A major challenge in neuroscience is linking behavior to the collective activity of neural assemblies. Understanding of input-output relationships of ...

Micro-drive Array for Chronic in vivo Recording: Drive Fabrication

Chronic recording of large populations of neurons is a valuable technique for studying the function of neuronal circuits in awake behaving rats. Lightweight recording devices carrying a high density array of tetrodes allow for the simultaneous monitoring of the activity of tens to hundreds of individual neurons. Here we describe a protocol for the fabrication of a micro-drive array with twenty one independently movable micro-drives. This device has been used successfully to record from hippocampal and cortical neurons in our lab. We show how to prepare a custom designed, 3-D printed plastic base that will hold the micro-drives. We demonstrate how to construct the individual micro-drives and how to assemble the complete micro-drive array. Further preparation of the drive array for surgical implantation, such as the fabrication of tetrodes, loading of tetrodes into the drive array and gold-plating, is covered in a subsequent video article.

Micro-drive Array for Chronic in vivo Recording: Drive Fabrication

In this protocol we demonstrate how to fabricate a micro-drive array for chronic electrophysiological recordings in rats.

Micro-Drive Array עבור כרונית In vivo</emהקלטה>: כונן ייצור

Chronic recording of large populations of neurons is a valuable technique for studying the function of neuronal circuits in awake behaving rats. ...

Biology

Micro-drive Array for Chronic in vivo Recording: Tetrode Assembly

The tetrode, a bundle of four electrodes, has proven to be a valuable tool for the simultaneous recording of multiple neurons in-vivo.  The differential amplitude of action potential signatures over the channels of a tetrode allows for the isolation of single-unit activity from multi-unit signals.  The ability to precisely control the stereotaxic location and depth of the tetrode is critical for studying coordinated neural activity across brain regions.  In combination with a micro-drive array, it is possible to achieve precise placement and stable control of many tetrodes over the course of days to weeks.  In this protocol, we demonstrate how to fabricate and condition tetrodes using basic tools and materials, install the tetrodes into a multi-drive tetrode array for chronic in-vivo recording in the rat, make ground wire connections to the micro-drive array, and attach a protective cone onto the micro-drive array in order to protect the tetrodes from physical contact with the environment.



Micro-drive Array for Chronic in vivo Recording: Tetrode Assembly

In this protocol we demonstrate how to fabricate and condition tetrodes for use with a micro-drive array, which was designed for chronic electrophysiological recordings in rats. In addition, we illustrate the final stages of micro-drive array construction, which includes installing ground wires and a protective cone.

Micro-Drive Array עבור כרונית In vivo</emהקלטה>: Tetrode האסיפה

The tetrode, a bundle of four electrodes, has proven to be a valuable tool for the simultaneous recording of multiple neurons in-vivo.  The differential ...

Hybrid Microdrive System with Recoverable Opto-Silicon Probe and Tetrode for Dual-Site High Density Recording in Freely Moving Mice

Multi-regional neural recordings can provide crucial information to understanding fine-timescale interactions between multiple brain regions. However, conventional microdrive designs often only allow use of one type of electrode to record from single or multiple regions, limiting the yield of single-unit or depth profile recordings. It also often limits the ability to combine electrode recordings with optogenetic tools to target pathway and/or cell type specific activity. Presented here is a hybrid microdrive array for freely moving mice to optimize yield and a description of its fabrication and reuse of the microdrive array. The current design employs nine tetrodes and one opto-silicon probe implanted in two different brain areas simultaneously in freely moving mice. The tetrodes and the opto-silicon probe are independently adjustable along the dorsoventral axis in the brain to maximize the yield of unit and oscillatory activities. This microdrive array also incorporates a set-up for light, mediating optogenetic manipulation to investigate the regional- or cell type-specific responses and functions of long-range neural circuits. In addition, the opto-silicon probe can be safely recovered and reused after each experiment. Because the microdrive array consists of 3D-printed parts, the design of microdrives can be easily modified to accommodate various settings. First described is the design of the microdrive array and how to attach the optical fiber to a silicon probe for optogenetics experiments, followed by fabrication of the tetrode bundle and implantation of the array into a mouse brain. The recording of local field potentials and unit spiking combined with optogenetic stimulation also demonstrate feasibility of the microdrive array system in freely moving mice.

This protocol describes the construction of a hybrid microdrive array that allows implantation of nine independently adjustable tetrodes and one adjustable opto-silicon probe in two brain regions in freely moving mice. Also demonstrated is a method for safely recovering and reusing the opto-silicon probe for multiple purposes.

מערכת Microdrive היברידית עם בדיקה ההשבה Opto-סיליקון ו Tetrode עבור הקלטה כפול בצפיפות גבוהה בחופשיות העברת עכברים

Multi-regional neural recordings can provide crucial information to understanding fine-timescale interactions between multiple brain regions. However, ...

שתל מיקרו-דרייב לרישום פעילות עצבית יומיומית בעכברים צעירים

A Lightweight Drive Implant for Chronic Tetrode Recordings in Juvenile Mice

In vivo electrophysiology provides unparalleled insight into the sub-second-level circuit dynamics of the intact brain and represents a method of particular importance for studying mouse models of human neuropsychiatric disorders. However, such methods often require large cranial implants, which cannot be used in mice at early developmental time points. As such, virtually no studies of in vivo physiology have been performed in freely behaving infant or juvenile mice, despite the fact that a better understanding of neurological development in this critical window would likely provide unique insights into age-dependent developmental disorders such as autism or schizophrenia. Here, a micro-drive design, surgical implantation procedure, and post-surgery recovery strategy are described that allow for chronic field and single-unit recordings from multiple brain regions simultaneously in mice as they age from postnatal day 20 (p20) to postnatal day 60 (p60) and beyond, a time window roughly corresponding to the human ages of 2 years old through to adulthood. The number of recording electrodes and final recording sites can be easily modified and expanded, thus allowing flexible experimental control of the in vivo monitoring of behavior- or disease-relevant brain regions across development.

מחבר זרקור: שתל כונן קל משקל להקלטות טטרוד כרוניות בעכברים צעירים  

Here, we describe a micro-drive design, surgical implantation procedure, and post-surgery recovery strategy that allow for chronic field and single-unit recordings from multiple brain regions simultaneously in juvenile and adolescent mice across a critical developmental window from postnatal day 20 (p20) to postnatal day 60 (p60) and beyond.

בניית הנעת Tetrode רב משופרת עבור הקלטת עצבית בקנה מידה גדול ב מתנהג חולדות

Summary

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בנייה של מערכי Microdrive להקלטות עצביות כרוניות בעכברים מתנהגים ערים

שילוב של התנהגות אנדוקרינולוגיה וכלכלה ניסויית: החלטת טסטוסטרון חברתית ביצוע

הקלטה בקנה מידה גדול הרכבים העצבית עם בדיקות הסיליקון ב עכברוש הרדים

חיבור אלחוטי, ממשק דו-כיווני ההקלטה In Vivo גירוי של פעילות עצבית להתנהג בחופשיות חולדות

בקנה מידה גדול הקלטה של הנוירונים על ידי בדיקות מטלטלין סיליקון מתנהג מכרסמים

Micro-Drive Array עבור כרונית In vivo: כונן ייצור

Micro-Drive Array עבור כרונית In vivo: Tetrode האסיפה

מערכת Microdrive היברידית עם בדיקה ההשבה Opto-סיליקון ו Tetrode עבור הקלטה כפול בצפיפות גבוהה בחופשיות העברת עכברים

שתל כונן קל משקל לרישומי טטרוד כרוניים בעכברים צעירים

שתל כונן קל משקל לרישומי טטרוד כרוניים בעכברים צעירים

בניית הנעת Tetrode רב משופרת עבור הקלטת עצבית בקנה מידה גדול ב מתנהג חולדות

Summary

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Chapters in this video

בנייה של מערכי Microdrive להקלטות עצביות כרוניות בעכברים מתנהגים ערים

שילוב של התנהגות אנדוקרינולוגיה וכלכלה ניסויית: החלטת טסטוסטרון חברתית ביצוע

הקלטה בקנה מידה גדול הרכבים העצבית עם בדיקות הסיליקון ב עכברוש הרדים

חיבור אלחוטי, ממשק דו-כיווני ההקלטה In Vivo גירוי של פעילות עצבית להתנהג בחופשיות חולדות

בקנה מידה גדול הקלטה של ​​הנוירונים על ידי בדיקות מטלטלין סיליקון מתנהג מכרסמים

Micro-Drive Array עבור כרונית In vivo: כונן ייצור

Micro-Drive Array עבור כרונית In vivo: Tetrode האסיפה

מערכת Microdrive היברידית עם בדיקה ההשבה Opto-סיליקון ו Tetrode עבור הקלטה כפול בצפיפות גבוהה בחופשיות העברת עכברים

שתל כונן קל משקל לרישומי טטרוד כרוניים בעכברים צעירים

שתל כונן קל משקל לרישומי טטרוד כרוניים בעכברים צעירים

בקנה מידה גדול הקלטה של הנוירונים על ידי בדיקות מטלטלין סיליקון מתנהג מכרסמים