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Tokyo Institute of Technology

16 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

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Chemistry

Conducting Miller-Urey Experiments
Eric T. Parker 1, James H. Cleaves 2,3, Aaron S. Burton 4, Daniel P. Glavin 5, Jason P. Dworkin 5, Manshui Zhou 1, Jeffrey L. Bada 6, Facundo M. Fernández 1
1School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 3Institute for Advanced Study, 4Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, 5Goddard Center for Astrobiology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 6Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego

The Miller-Urey experiment was a pioneering study regarding the abiotic synthesis of organic compounds with possible relevance to the origins of life. Simple gases were introduced into a glass apparatus and subjected to an electric discharge, simulating the effects of lightning in the primordial Earth’s atmosphere-ocean system. The experiment was conducted for one week, after which, the samples collected from it were analyzed for the chemical building blocks of life.

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Engineering

Capillary-based Centrifugal Microfluidic Device for Size-controllable Formation of Monodisperse Microdroplets
Masamune Morita 1, Hitoyoshi Yamashita 1,2, Masayuki Hayakawa 1, Hiroaki Onoe 3, Masahiro Takinoue 1,4
1Department of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 4PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency

Here, we demonstrate a simple production method for size-controllable, monodisperse, water-in-oil (W/O) microdroplets using a capillary-based centrifugal microfluidic device. This method requires only a small sample volume and enables high-yield production. We expect this method will be useful for rapid biochemical and cellular analyses.

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JoVE Core

Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine
Daisuke Tajima 1, Tota Mizuno 2, Yuichiro Kume 3, Takako Yoshida 1
1Applied Brain Science Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2Department of Informatics, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 3Department of Media and Image Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo Polytechnic University

This article describes a novel method to estimate proprioceptive drift on a 2D plane using the mirror illusion and combining a psychophysical procedure with an analysis using machine learning.

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Chemistry

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
Satoshi Habuchi 1, Takuya Yamamoto 2,3, Yasuyuki Tezuka 3
1Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 2Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, 3Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology

A protocol for the synthesis and characterization of diffusive motion of cyclic polymers at the single molecule level is presented.

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JoVE Journal

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
Kenta Mizuse 1, Romu Fujimoto 1, Nobuo Mizutani 2, Yasuhiro Ohshima 1,3
1Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2Equipment Development Center, Institute for Molecular Science, 3Department of Photo-molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science

We present a protocol for creating a real-time movie of a molecular rotational wave packet using a high-resolution Coulomb explosion imaging setup.

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Bioengineering

Fabrication of a Multiplexed Artificial Cellular MicroEnvironment Array
Yasumasa Mashimo 1,2, Momoko Yoshioka 1, Yumie Tokunaga 1, Christopher Fockenberg 1, Shiho Terada 1, Yoshie Koyama 1, Teiko Shibata-Seki 2, Koki Yoshimoto 1, Risako Sakai 1, Hayase Hakariya 1, Li Liu 1, Toshihiro Akaike 3, Eiry Kobatake 2, Siew-Eng How 4, Motonari Uesugi 1,5, Yong Chen 1,6, Ken-ichiro Kamei 1
1Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, 2Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 3Biomaterials Center for Regenerative Medical Engineering, Foundation for Advancement of International Science, 4Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 5Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, 6Ecole Normale Supérieure

This article describes the detailed methodology to prepare a Multiplexed Artificial Cellular MicroEnvironment (MACME) array for high-throughput manipulation of physical and chemical cues mimicking in vivo cellular microenvironments and to identify the optimal cellular environment for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) with single-cell profiling.

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Chemistry

Preparation of Polyoxometalate-based Photo-responsive Membranes for the Photo-activation of Manganese Oxide Catalysts
Akira Yamaguchi 1,5, Toshihiro Takashima 2, Kazuhito Hashimoto 1,6, Ryuhei Nakamura 3,4
1Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 2Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 3Biofunctional Catalyst Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 4Earth-Life Science Institute (ELSI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 5Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 6National Institute for Materials Science

Here, we present a protocol to prepare charge transfer chromophores based on a polyoxometalate/polymer composite membrane.

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Immunology and Infection

Enhancement Method of Surface Acoustic Wave-Atomizer Efficiency for Olfactory Display
Takamichi Nakamoto 1, Sami Ollila 1, Shingo Kato 1, Haining Li 1,2, Guiping Qi 1
1Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

We establish here a method for coating the surface of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device with amorphous Teflon film to improve the atomization efficiency required for application to an olfactory display.

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JoVE Journal

Real-time Observation of the DNA Strand Exchange Reaction Mediated by Rad51
Kentaro Ito 1, Bilge Argunhan 1, Hideo Tsubouchi 1, Hiroshi Iwasaki 1
1Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based real-time observation systems of the DNA strand exchange reaction mediated by Rad51 were developed. Using the protocols presented here, we are able to detect the formation of reaction intermediates and their conversion into products, while also analyzing the enzymatic kinetics of the reaction.

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Biology

Bead Loading Proteins and Nucleic Acids into Adherent Human Cells
Charlotte Ayn Cialek 1, Gabriel Galindo 1, Amanda Lynn Koch 1, Matthew Neeley Saxton 1, Timothy John Stasevich 1,2
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, 2World Research Hub Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Bead loading introduces proteins, plasmids, and particles into adherent mammalian cells. This cell loading technique is inexpensive, rapid, and does not substantially affect cell health. It is best suited for live-cell imaging.

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Bioengineering

Automated Microbial Cultivation and Adaptive Evolution using Microbial Microdroplet Culture System (MMC)
Xingjin Jian *1,2, Xiaojie Guo *1,2,3, Jia Wang 4, Zheng Lin Tan 1,2,6, Xin-hui Xing 1,2,5, Liyan Wang 3, Chong Zhang 1,2,5
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 2Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 3Luoyang TMAXTREE Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 4Biochemical Engineering Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 5Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, 6School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology

This protocol describes how to use the Microbial Microdroplet Culture system (MMC) to conduct automated microbial cultivation and adaptive evolution. MMC can cultivate and sub-cultivate microorganisms automatically and continuously and monitor online their growth with relatively high throughput and good parallelization, reducing labor and reagent consumption.

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Developmental Biology

A Label-free Xenograft Model for Investigating the Behavior of Human Stem Cell Spheroids in Chick Embryos
Ingrid Rosenburg Cordeiro 1,2, José Marques de Brito Neto 1
1Morphological Sciences Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 2Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Here, we describe a method to transplant and identify human cell spheroids into chick embryos. This xenograft model uses the embryonic microenvironment as a source of instructive signals to assay cell migration, differentiation, and tropism and is especially suited for the study of primary and/or heterogeneous cell populations.

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Biology

Reactivation of Demembranated Cell Models in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Noriko Ueki 1, Atsuko Isu 2, Ken‒ichi Wakabayashi 2,3
1Science Research Center, Hosei University, 2Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 3School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology

The in vitro reactivation of motile cells is a crucial experiment in understanding the mechanisms of cell motility. The protocol describes reactivating the demembranated cell models of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a model organism to study cilia/flagella.

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Biology

Observation of Photobehavior in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Noriko Ueki *1, Atsuko Isu *2, Ayaka Kyuji *2,3, Yuma Asahina *2,3, Satoaki So *2,3, Rina Takahashi *2,3, Toru Hisabori 2,3, Ken‒ichi Wakabayashi 2,3
1Science Research Center, Hosei University, 2Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 3School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Most swimming photoautotrophic organisms show photo-induced behavioral changes (photobehavior). The present protocol observes the said photobehavior in the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

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Bioengineering

Preparation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and the Evaluation of their Antibacterial Effects
Jongjun Park *1, Gahyun Lee *1, Yonghyun Choi 1,2,3, Jiwon Kim 1, Seongeun Park 1, Hee-Young Lee 4, Jonghoon Choi 1,2
1School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 2Feynman Institute of Technology, Nanomedicine Corporation, 3Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4Department of Chemical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology

In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using a precipitation method. The antibacterial effect of the synthesized particles was tested against multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial strains.

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Fabrication of Antibacterial Graphene Oxide/Copper Nanocomposites

Fabrication of Antibacterial Graphene Oxide/Copper Nanocomposites
Jiwon Kim 1, Jongjun Park 1, Seongeun Park 1, Yonghyun Choi 1,2,3, Hee-Young Lee 4, Jonghoon Choi 1,2
1School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 2Feynman Institute of Technology, Nanomedicine Corporation, 3Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4Department of Chemical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology

Herein, we introduce graphene oxide/copper (GO/Cu) nanocomposites as an antibacterial nanomaterial. The antibacterial effectiveness of the GO/Cu nanocomposites was evaluated against both antibiotic-resistant gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

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