Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System

3 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

Medicine

Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of the Urinary Tract: The Technique

Timothy C. Chang^1,2, Jen-Jane Liu^1,2, Joseph C. Liao^1,2

¹Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine , ²Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System

Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy enables real-time microscopy of the human urinary tract during cystoscopy, providing dynamic, intravital imaging of pathological states such as bladder cancer with cellular resolution. Endomicroscopy may augment the diagnostic accuracy of standard white light endoscopy and provide intraoperative image guidance to improve surgical resection.

Medicine

Evaluation of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Subsets in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model

Russell K. Pachynski¹, Alexander Scholz³, Justin Monnier^2,3, Eugene C. Butcher³, Brian A. Zabel²

¹Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, ²Palo Alto Institute for Research and Education, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, ³Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine

This protocol describes a method for the detailed evaluation of leukocyte subsets within the tumor microenvironment in a mouse tumor model. Chemerin-expressing B16 melanoma cells were implanted subcutaneously into syngeneic mice. Cells from the tumor microenvironment were then stained and analyzed by flow cytometry, allowing for detailed leukocyte subset analyses.

Medicine

Biobanking of Human Aqueous and Vitreous Liquid Biopsies for Molecular Analyses

Julian Wolf^1,2, Teja Chemudupati^1,2, Aarushi Kumar^1,2, Ditte K. Rasmussen^1,2, Karen M. Wai², Robert T. Chang², Artis A. Montague², Peter H. Tang^3,4, Alexander G. Bassuk^5,6,7, Antoine Dufour^8,9, Prithvi Mruthrunjaya², Vinit B. Mahajan^1,2,10

¹Molecular Surgery Laboratory, Stanford University, ²Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, ³Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, ⁴Retina Consultants of Minnesota, ⁵Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, ⁶Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, ⁷The Iowa Neuroscience Institute (INI), University of Iowa, ⁸Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, ⁹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, ¹⁰Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System

This protocol presents an integrated biorepository platform for the standardized collection, annotation, and biobanking of high-quality human aqueous humor and vitreous liquid biopsies for molecular downstream analyses, including proteomics, metabolomics, and glycomics.