University at Buffalo, State University of New York

2 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

Immunology and Infection

Monitoring Changes in Membrane Polarity, Membrane Integrity, and Intracellular Ion Concentrations in Streptococcus pneumoniae Using Fluorescent Dyes

Emily A. Clementi^*1, Laura R. Marks^*1, Hazeline Roche-Håkansson¹, Anders P. Håkansson^1,2,3

¹Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, ²Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, ³New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York

Unlike that seen for eukaryotes, there is a paucity of studies that detail membrane depolarization and ion concentration changes in bacteria, primarily as their small size makes conventional methods of measurement difficult. Here, we detail protocols for monitoring such events in the significant Gram-positive pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae utilizing fluorescence techniques.

Medicine

Open Tracheostomy Gastric Acid Aspiration Murine Model of Acute Lung Injury Results in Maximal Acute Nonlethal Lung Injury

Ravi Alluri^1,2, Hilliard L. Kutscher³, Barbara A. Mullan^1,2, Bruce A. Davidson^1,2, Paul R. Knight^1,2

¹Department of Anesthesiology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, ²Department of Anesthsiology, Veterans Admistration Western New York Healthcare System, ³Institute of Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York

This protocol induces acute lung injury in a mouse that has close fidelity to the pathogenesis of acid pneumonitis observed in humans. We generate a maximal acute nonlethal low pH lung injury and account for differences in rodent-human anatomic respiratory structure using an open tracheostomy coupled with circumferential pressure release.