characterization-functional-prediction-bacteria-ovarian

Characterization and Functional Prediction of Bacteria in Ovarian Tissues

The theory of a "sterile" female upper reproductive tract has been encountering increasing opposition due to advancements in bacterial detection. However, ...

First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University

Primary vulvar cancer is a rare disease with an incidence of 2-3 per 100,000 women. The vast majority of vulvar carcinomas are of the squamous cell type (90%). Primary vulvar adenocarcinomas rank among the rare gynecological malignancies. We herein present a case of a vulvar mass near the vaginal orifice, the biopsy of which revealed a mucinous adenocarcinoma. Local excision was performed, followed by postoperative chemotherapy. The patient was asymptomatic and developed no recurrence during the 2 years of follow-up after surgery and chemotherapy. We consider local excision, with or without chemotherapy, to be an effective therapeutic approach to this type of tumor. However, further studies are required to support our conclusions for early-stage vulvar mucinous adenocarcinoma.

Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the vulva: A case report and review of the literature.

Endometrial cancer is the most common malignancy of the female reproductive system. The three common spread patterns of endometrial cancer are local invasion, lymphatic spread and hematogenous spread. Vaginal metastasis occurs by submucosal lymphatic or vascular metastases in ~10% of patients with clinical stage I disease. Vaginal implantation metastasis of endometrial cancer is extremely rare. Here we present a case of endometrial carcinoma (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IA) spread to the vagina by implantation metastasis as opposed to any of the methods mentioned above. This conclusion was confirmed mainly from pathological examination. This case highlights the occurrence of vaginal implantation metastasis of endometrial carcinoma. Certain changes may be applied during surgery to prevent implantation metastasis in patients with endometrial cancer.

Vaginal implantation metastasis of endometrial carcinoma: A case report.

The objective of this article is to discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and therapy of vulvar leiomyoma. We performed a review of all English-language reports of vulvar leiomyoma published in PubMed from 1978 to 2015 using the following search terms: "vulval leiomyoma," "vulvar leiomyoma," "vulval smooth muscle tumor," and "external genitalia smooth muscle tumor." Vulvar leiomyomas, which are rare benign monoclonal tumors, most commonly occur in the fourth and fifth decades of life. The genetics of vulvar leiomyoma remain undefined. Three principal histological patterns have been identified: spindled, epithelioid, and myxoid. Imaging tests such as ultrasound, endoscopic ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging are used in diagnosis. Surgical excision is the only curative treatment for vulvar leiomyomas. Establishment of a full differential diagnosis list and correct final diagnosis before surgery are essential for optimal clinical management. Although recurrence of vulvar leiomyoma is extremely rare, long-term follow-up of all cases is advisable.

Review of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy of vulvar leiomyoma, a rare gynecological tumor.

Early detection and diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma and precancerous change would undoubtedly become the most alluring part for researchers. With the emergence of endometrial brush samplers, a new upsurge in endometrial cytology is in the making. But endometrial specimens obtained by the endometrial brush samplers require special preservation solution. The objective of this study is to develop a new kind of endometrial-cell preservation solution and to test the availability compared with a patented liquid-based cell preservation solution.

A novel solution configuration on liquid-based endometrial cytology.

The effectiveness of indocyanine green (ICG) dye for detecting sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in cervical cancer compared with other tracers is unknown. This study aimed to assess the validity of ICG dye in detecting SLNs in cervical cancer preoperatively.

Indocyanine green can stand alone in detecting sentinel lymph nodes in cervical cancer.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are an important part in the field of "liquid biopsy." However, major questions remain to be answered whether the mutations in the CTCs represent the mutations in primary tumor tissue and metastatic tumors. We compared the genetic mutations between CTCs and their matched tumors, and extracted data on the heterogeneity of the mutational status in CTCs and the change in mutations of CTCs before and during treatment. For mutations detected in single genes, we calculated the concordance of the mutations between the CTCs and primary tumor tissue. For mutations detected in multiple genes, we calculated the concordance of the mutations between the CTCs and primary/metastatic tumor tissue. The heterogeneity of the mutational status is clearly present in CTCs. For mutations detected in a single gene, the overall concordance of mutations is 53.05%. For mutations detected in multiple genes, the concordance of mutations is extremely different. The heterogeneity of the mutational status existed in single CTCs, and the mutational status of CTCs was discordant with that of tumor tissue.

Chao Sun

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology

First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University

Characterization and Functional Prediction of Bacteria in Ovarian Tissues