Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection, and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.

Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.

Transdermal patches transport drugs through the skin into the bloodstream for systemic effect. Controlled-release patches include nicotine patches for smoking cessation, fentanyl for pain relief, and nitroglycerin for angina pectoris.

Eye drops deliver drugs through the conjunctival epithelium, with compounds like dorzolamide reducing intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients. Intravitreal injections introduce drugs like ranibizumab into the vitreous humor of the eye to address age-related macular degeneration.

Rectal administration of drugs is another significant route, with approximately 50% of the absorbed drug bypassing the liver, reducing hepatic first-pass metabolism. However, this administration method presents challenges, including irregular and incomplete absorption and potential irritation of the rectal mucosa. Despite these drawbacks, it can be desirable in certain instances, such as opioid use in hospice care.

These methods demonstrate the diverse routes of administration for therapeutic drugs, each offering its own benefits and challenges.

Dal capitolo 3:

article

Now Playing

3.6 : Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Pharmacokinetics: Drug Absorption

110 Visualizzazioni

article

3.1 : Fasi di somministrazione e terapia dei farmaci: panoramica

Pharmacokinetics: Drug Absorption

190 Visualizzazioni

article

3.2 : Assorbimento dei farmaci: panoramica

Pharmacokinetics: Drug Absorption

278 Visualizzazioni

article

3.3 : Somministrazione di farmaci: panoramica

Pharmacokinetics: Drug Absorption

155 Visualizzazioni

article

3.4 : Somministrazione di farmaci: via enterale

Pharmacokinetics: Drug Absorption

146 Visualizzazioni

article

3.5 : Somministrazione di farmaci: via parenterale

Pharmacokinetics: Drug Absorption

114 Visualizzazioni

article

3.7 : Membrane cellulari e trasporto di farmaci

Pharmacokinetics: Drug Absorption

114 Visualizzazioni

article

3.8 : Meccanismi di assorbimento dei farmaci: trasporto paracellulare, transcellulare e vescicolare

Pharmacokinetics: Drug Absorption

188 Visualizzazioni

article

3.9 : Diffusione passiva: panoramica e cinetica

Pharmacokinetics: Drug Absorption

144 Visualizzazioni

article

3.10 : Trasporto dei pori e trasporto della coppia ionica

Pharmacokinetics: Drug Absorption

207 Visualizzazioni

article

3.11 : Trasporto mediato dal vettore

Pharmacokinetics: Drug Absorption

127 Visualizzazioni

article

3.12 : Diffusione Facilitata

Pharmacokinetics: Drug Absorption

150 Visualizzazioni

article

3.13 : Trasporto attivo

Pharmacokinetics: Drug Absorption

210 Visualizzazioni

article

3.14 : Trasporto vescicolare: endocitosi, trascitosi ed esocitosi

Pharmacokinetics: Drug Absorption

332 Visualizzazioni

article

3.15 : Fattori che influenzano l'assorbimento dei farmaci: parametri anatomici

Pharmacokinetics: Drug Absorption

104 Visualizzazioni

See More

JoVE Logo

Riservatezza

Condizioni di utilizzo

Politiche

Ricerca

Didattica

CHI SIAMO

Copyright © 2025 MyJoVE Corporation. Tutti i diritti riservati