Name: Video: Esecuzione di lesioni cerebrali indotte da laser in un modello di ratto - Concept
Uploaded: 2025-01-30T14:43:03.000+00:00
Duration: 1 min 11 s
Description: 57 Views. Fonte: Kuts, R., et al. Lesione cerebrale indotta dal laser nella corteccia motoria dei ratti. J. Vis. Exp. (2020) Questo video mostra una procedura per generare una lesione cerebrale precisa e controllata nella corteccia motoria del ratto utilizzando un laser.

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All procedures involving animal models have been reviewed by the local institutional animal care committee and the JoVE veterinary review board.
1. Laser-induced brain injury experimental procedure
<ol>
	<li>Anesthetize the rat with a mixture of 2% isoflurane in oxygen, allowing for spontaneous ventilation. Check for sufficient anesthetic depth by pinching the tail with forceps to see if the withdrawal reflex is absent.</li>
	<li>Using a rectal temperature-regulated heating pad, maintain the rat&#39;s core body temperature at 37 &#176;C throughout the experimental procedure.</li>
	<li>Remove local hair with a shaver and disinfect it with 70% alcohol and 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate. Repeat the disinfection step two more times. 
	NOTE: The surgical incision should be approximately 3 cm wide. Remove hair at least 2 cm around the incision area.</li>
	<li>Place the rat on a stereotaxic head holder in a prone position. Make a 3 cm incision to reflect the scalp laterally and expose the area between Bregma and Lambda.</li>
	<li>Maintain anesthesia through the nose cone.</li>
	<li>Use Neodymium-YAG (Nd-YAG) laser (peak wavelength 1064 nm) to administer 50J X 10 points, with 1 s pulse duration, to the exposed area of the skull above the right hemisphere.</li>
	<li>Ensure that the laser-generating part of the apparatus is 2 mm away from the exposed area to produce a laser beam. 50J X 10 points were selected after careful evaluation of different energy/surface combinations. This combination is efficient and does not cause bone destruction of the skull after administration for less than a second. 
	NOTE: 2 mm is the distance between the terminal of the laser beam (from the optical cable it is passed through) and the skull bone. In case a focusing lens is used, the distance should be calculated, taking into account the angle of inclination of the lens to focus the beam in the desired area of damage. Ensure proper safety when using a laser device, including appropriate training and eye protection.</li>
	<li>Remove the rat from the device and close the scalp with 3-0 silk surgical sutures.</li>
	<li>Discontinue anesthesia and return the rat to its cage for recovery. Administer 0.1 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine locally to reduce the postoperative pain immediately after surgery. 
	NOTE: The entire procedure should last less than 5 min if performed correctly.</li>
</ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Brain &#38; Tissue Matrices</td>
			<td>SIGMA - ALDRICH</td>
			<td>15013</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Digital Weighing Scale</td>
			<td>SIGMA - ALDRICH</td>
			<td>RS 4000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol 96 %</td>
			<td>ROMICAL</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Flammable Liquid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heater with thermometer</td>
			<td>Heatingpad-1</td>
			<td>Model: HEATINGPAD-1/2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Infusion Cuff</td>
			<td>ABN</td>
			<td>IC-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isofluran, USP 100%</td>
			<td>Piramamal Critical Care, Inc</td>
			<td>NDC 66794-017</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel blades 11</td>
			<td>SIGMA - ALDRICH</td>
			<td>S2771</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sharplan 3000 Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet) laser machine</td>
			<td>Laser Industries Ltd</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereotaxic head holder</td>
			<td>KOPF</td>
			<td>900LS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

performing laser-induced brain injury in a rat model

Source: Kuts, R., et al. <a href="https://app.jove.com/v/60928">Laser-Induced Brain Injury in the Motor Cortex of Rats.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2020)
This video demonstrates a procedure to generate precise, controlled brain injury in the rat motor cortex using a laser.

Performing Laser-Induced Brain Injury in a Rat Model

All procedures involving animal models have been reviewed by the local institutional animal care committee and the JoVE veterinary review board.
1. ...

Take an anesthetized rat placed on a rectal temperature-regulated heating pad to maintain its body temperature.
Remove the fur and disinfect the surgical site.
Next, secure the rat in a prone position on a stereotaxic unit.
Make a midline surgical incision. Then, expose the area between the skull reference points.
Position the laser appropriately above the right hemisphere to target the motor cortex.
Administer longer wavelength, high-energy light pulses to the exposed area of the skull, penetrating deeply into the motor cortex.
The tissue absorbs these pulses, causing localized heating and cellular damage, inducing brain injury.
After laser exposure, remove the rat from the stereotaxic unit.
Suture the surgical incision and return the rat to its cage.
Allow it to recover. The laser-induced brain injury rat model can be used for neurological analysis.

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Research

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Neuroscience

Neuropathology

Trauma

57 Views. Fonte: Kuts, R., et al. Lesione cerebrale indotta dal laser nella corteccia motoria dei ratti. J. Vis. Exp. (2020) Questo video mostra una procedura per generare una lesione cerebrale precisa e controllata nella corteccia motoria del ratto utilizzando un laser. 

Video: Esecuzione di lesioni cerebrali indotte da laser in un modello di ratto - Concept

Controlled Cortical Impact Model of Mouse Brain Injury with Therapeutic Transplantation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Cells

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Disease pathology due to TBI progresses from the primary mechanical insult to secondary injury processes, including apoptosis and inflammation. Animal modeling has been valuable in the search to unravel injury mechanisms and evaluate potential neuroprotective therapies. This protocol describes the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of focal, open-head TBI. Specifically, parameters for producing a mild unilateral cortical injury are described. Behavioral consequences of CCI are analyzed using the adhesive tape removal test of bilateral sensorimotor integration. Regarding experimental therapy for TBI pathology, this protocol also illustrates a process for transplanting cultured cells into the brain. Neural cell cultures derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were chosen for their potential to show superior functional restoration in human TBI patients. Chronic survival of hiPSCs in the host mouse brain tissue is detected using a modified DAB immunohistochemical process.

This protocol demonstrates methodologies for a mouse model of open-skull traumatic brain injury and transplantation of cultured human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cells into the injury site. Behavioral and histologic tests of outcomes from these procedures are also described in brief.

Modello di impatto corticale controllato di lesioni cerebrali del topo con trapianto terapeutico di cellule neurali derivate da cellule staminali indotte dall'uomo

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Disease pathology due to TBI progresses from the primary mechanical ...

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JoVE Journal

Biologia dello sviluppo

Stereotactic Atlas-Guided Laser Capture Microdissection of Brain Regions Affected by Traumatic Injury

The ability to isolate specific brain regions of interest can be impeded in tissue disassociation techniques that do not preserve their spatial distribution. Such techniques also potentially skew gene expression analysis because the process itself can alter expression patterns in individual cells. Here we describe a laser capture microdissection (LCM) method to selectively collect specific brain regions affected by traumatic brain injury (TBI) by using a modified Nissl (cresyl violet) staining protocol and the guidance of a rat brain atlas. LCM provides access to brain regions in their native positions and the ability to use anatomical landmarks for identification of each specific region. To this end, LCM has been used previously to examine brain region specific gene expression in TBI. This protocol allows examination of TBI-induced alterations in gene and microRNA expression in distinct brain areas within the same animal. The principles of this protocol can be amended and applied to a wide range of studies examining genomic expression in other disease and/or animal models.

We describe the use of laser capture microdissection to obtain samples of distinct cell populations from different brain regions for gene and microRNA analysis. This technique allows the study of differential effects of traumatic brain injury in specific regions of the rat brain.

Atlas-guida stereotassica del Laser Capture Microdissection di regioni del cervello colpite da lesione traumatica

The ability to isolate specific brain regions of interest can be impeded in tissue disassociation techniques that do not preserve their spatial ...

Neuroscienze

Real-time Pressure-volume Analysis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Acute myocardial infarction can lead to acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock. The evaluation of hemodynamics is critical for the evaluation of any potential therapeutic approach directed against acute left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Current imaging modalities (e.g., echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging) have several limitations since data on LV pressure cannot directly be measured. LV catheterization in mice undergoing coronary artery occlusion could serve as a novel method for a real-time evaluation of LV function.
At the beginning of the procedure, mice were anesthetized followed by endotracheal intubation. For LV catheterization, the right carotid artery was exposed via middle-neck incision. The catheter was introduced and placed into the LV cavity. Left thoracotomy was conducted and the left main coronary artery (LCA) was ligated. To induce reperfusion, the suture was released after 45 min. Pressure-volume data was recorded at all times.
Ligation of the LCA caused a decrease in LV systolic function as evidenced by a 30% reduction in stroke volume, LV ejection fraction (EF), and cardiac output. Maximum dP/dt as a parameter for LV contractility was also significantly reduced and diastolic function was severely impaired (minimum dP/dt -40%). Reperfusion over a period of 20 min did not lead to a complete recovery of LV function.
Real-time pressure-volume analysis served as a valid procedure for monitoring cardiac function during acute myocardial infarction in mice. Maintaining stable anesthesia and a standardized surgical approach was crucial to ensure valid results. As the early phase of acute myocardial infarction is critical for morbidity and mortality, the delineated method could be beneficial for preclinical evaluation of new strategies for cardioprotection.

Acute myocardial infarction in mice induces acute but incompletely characterized changes in left ventricular (LV) function. LV catheterization in mice undergoing coronary artery occlusion serves as a novel method for a real-time evaluation of LV function.

Analisi in tempo reale pressione-volume di infarto miocardico acuto nei topi

Acute myocardial infarction can lead to acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock. The evaluation of hemodynamics is critical for the evaluation of any ...

Performing Laser-Induced Brain Injury in a Rat Model

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Performing Laser-Induced Brain Injury in a Rat Model