Name: Video: Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Perivascular Spaces in the Human Brain During a Small Vessel Stroke - Experiment
Uploaded: 2025-05-30T09:07:58.000+00:00
Duration: 1 min 23 s
Description: 14 Views. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Perivascular Spaces in the Human Brain During a Small Vessel Stroke

magnetic resonance imaging of perivascular spaces in the human brain during a small vessel stroke

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Perivascular Spaces in the Human Brain During a Small Vessel Stroke

Perivascular spaces (PVS) are fluid-filled spaces around the brain blood vessels involved in fluid drainage.To examine alterations in PVS during a small vessel stroke, perform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the basal ganglia region in the patient&#8217;s brain.The imaging protocol includes the T2-weighted fast spin echo and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences.T2-weighted imaging enhances the contrast between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled PVS and surrounding tissue.FLAIR suppresses the CSF signal, enabling the differentiation of PVS from old lacunar infarcts.Ensure appropriate imaging parameters for high-resolution imaging.Identify PVS as round, oval, or linear structures with signal intensity similar to CSF on T2-weighted images.On FLAIR, PVS appears hypointense, lacking the hyperintense rim seen in old lacunar infarcts.Visually grade the PVS on the MRI slice that shows the highest concentration of PVS in one hemisphere to assess their severity.

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Research

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Neuroscience

Neuroimaging

Neurovascular & Blood Flow Imaging

14 Views. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Perivascular Spaces in the Human Brain During a Small Vessel Stroke

Video: Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Perivascular Spaces in the Human Brain During a Small Vessel Stroke - Experiment

Brain Infarct Segmentation and Registration on MRI or CT for Lesion-symptom Mapping

In lesion-symptom mapping (LSM), brain function is inferred by relating the location of acquired brain lesions to behavioral or cognitive symptoms in a group of patients. With recent advances in brain imaging and image processing, LSM has become a popular tool in cognitive neuroscience. LSM can provide fundamental insights into the functional architecture of the human brain for a variety of cognitive and non-cognitive functions. A crucial step in performing LSM studies is the segmentation of lesions on brains scans of a large group of patients and registration of each scan to a common stereotaxic space (also called standard space or a standardized brain template). Described here is an open-access, standardized method for infarct segmentation and registration for the purpose of LSM, as well as a detailed and hands-on walkthrough based on exemplary cases. A comprehensive tutorial for the manual segmentation of brain infarcts on CT scans and DWI or FLAIR MRI sequences is provided, including criteria for infarct identification and pitfalls for different scan types. The registration software provides multiple registration schemes that can be used for processing of CT and MRI data with heterogeneous acquisition parameters. A tutorial on using this registration software and performing visual quality checks and manual corrections (which are needed in some cases) is provided. This approach provides researchers with a framework for the entire process of brain image processing required to perform an LSM study, from gathering of the data to final quality checks of the results.

Provided here is a practical tutorial for an open-access, standardized image processing pipeline for the purpose of lesion-symptom mapping. A step-by-step walkthrough is provided for each processing step, from manual infarct segmentation on CT/MRI to subsequent registration to standard space, along with practical recommendations and illustrations with exemplary cases.

Segmentazione e registrazione dell'infarto cerebrale su risonanza magnetica o TC per la mappatura lesioni-sintomo

In lesion-symptom mapping (LSM), brain function is inferred by relating the location of acquired brain lesions to behavioral or cognitive symptoms in a ...

Ricerca

JoVE Journal

Comportamento

3D Modeling of the Lateral Ventricles and Histological Characterization of Periventricular Tissue in Humans and Mouse

The ventricular system carries and circulates cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and facilitates clearance of solutes and toxins from the brain. The functional units of the ventricles are ciliated epithelial cells termed ependymal cells, which line the ventricles and through ciliary action are capable of generating laminar flow of CSF at the ventricle surface. This monolayer of ependymal cells also provides barrier and filtration functions that promote exchange between brain interstitial fluids (ISF) and circulating CSF. Biochemical changes in the brain are thereby reflected in the composition of the CSF and destruction of the ependyma can disrupt the delicate balance of CSF and ISF exchange. In humans there is a strong correlation between lateral ventricle expansion and aging. Age-associated ventriculomegaly can occur even in the absence of dementia or obstruction of CSF flow. The exact cause and progression of ventriculomegaly is often unknown; however, enlarged ventricles can show regional and, often, extensive loss of ependymal cell coverage with ventricle surface astrogliosis and associated periventricular edema replacing the functional ependymal cell monolayer. Using MRI scans together with postmortem human brain tissue, we describe how to prepare, image and compile 3D renderings of lateral ventricle volumes, calculate lateral ventricle volumes, and characterize periventricular tissue through immunohistochemical analysis of en face lateral ventricle wall tissue preparations. Corresponding analyses of mouse brain tissue are also presented supporting the use of mouse models as a means to evaluate changes to the lateral ventricles and periventricular tissue found in human aging and disease. Together, these protocols allow investigations into the cause and effect of ventriculomegaly and highlight techniques to study ventricular system health and its important barrier and filtration functions within the brain.

Using MRI scans (human), 3D imaging software, and immunohistological analysis, we document changes to the brain&#8217;s lateral ventricles. Longitudinal 3D mapping of lateral ventricle volume changes and characterization of periventricular cellular changes that occur in the human brain due to aging or disease are then modeled in mice.

Modellazione 3D del laterale ventricoli e istologica Caratterizzazione del Tissue periventricolare di esseri umani e il mouse

The ventricular system carries and circulates cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and facilitates clearance of solutes and toxins from the brain. The functional ...

Neuroscienze

Assessing Cortical Cerebral Microinfarcts on High Resolution MR Images

Cerebral microinfarcts are frequent findings in the post-mortem human brain, and are related to cognitive decline and dementia. Due to their small sizes it is challenging to study them on clinical MRI scans. It was recently demonstrated that cortical microinfarcts can be depicted with MRI scanners using high magnetic field strengths (7T). Based on this experience, a proportion of these lesions is also visible on lower resolution 3T MRI. These findings were corroborated with ex vivo imaging of post-mortem human brain tissue, accompanied by histopathological verification of possible cortical microinfarcts.
Here an ex vivo imaging protocol is presented, for the purpose of validating MR observed cerebral microvascular pathology with histological evaluation. Furthermore, guidelines are provided for the assessment of cortical microinfarcts on both in vivo 7T and 3T MR images. These guidelines provide researchers with a tool to rate cortical microinfarcts on in vivo images of larger patient samples, to further unravel their clinical relevance in cognitive decline and dementia, and establish these lesions as a novel biomarker of cerebral small vessel disease.

A high resolution ex vivo 7T MR imaging protocol is presented, to perform MR-guided histopathological validation of microvascular pathology in post-mortem human brain tissue. Furthermore, guidelines are provided for the assessment of cortical microinfarcts on in vivo 7T as well as 3T MR images.

Valutare corticali cerebrali microinfarti in alta risoluzione MR Immagini

Cerebral microinfarcts are frequent findings in the post-mortem human brain, and are related to cognitive decline and dementia. Due to their small sizes ...

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Perivascular Spaces in the Human Brain During a Small Vessel Stroke

Trascrizione

Segmentazione e registrazione dell'infarto cerebrale su risonanza magnetica o TC per la mappatura lesioni-sintomo

Modellazione 3D del laterale ventricoli e istologica Caratterizzazione del Tissue periventricolare di esseri umani e il mouse

Valutare corticali cerebrali microinfarti in alta risoluzione MR Immagini