Il sostegno della Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering è riconosciuto. TCK è stato il destinatario di premi AINSE. Lab Medicina epigenomic è supportata dal National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (566.559). HR è supportato da un australiano post-laurea e premi BakerIDI scintilla luminosa. Questo lavoro è finanziato dal CRC for Biomedical Imaging Development Ltd (CRC-BID), istituito e sostenuto nell&#39;ambito del programma di ricerca cooperativa del governo australiano Centri. CO è il destinatario un australiano post-laurea e un premio CRC-BID borsa di studio integrativa.

1. Cellule Cultura e set-up sperimentale <ol><li> Cheratinociti umani sono mantenuti come monostrati in 75 fiaschi tessuto cm 2 di coltura contenente 15 mL di cheratinociti-SFM (K-SFM) media (GIBCO, mezzo privo di siero) arricchito con L-glutamina (2 mm), fattore di crescita epidermico (5 ng / mL), estratto di ipofisi bovina (40 mg / ml) e 20 mg / mL di gentamicina. Le cellule sono coltivate in umidificata al 5% CO 2 ambiente a 37 ° C. </li><li> Le cellule vengono seminate in 12 x 25 cm 2 di tessuto fiasche di coltura contenente 5 ml di K-SFM media. </li></ol> Sospensioni singola cella sono preparati da tripsinizzazione. Le cellule sono lavate con tampone fosfato e incubate con un 0,05% tripsina / EDTA soluzione per 5-10 minuti. Quando le cellule iniziano a diventare arrotondate e ~ 30% individuale, da 3 volumi di medie Dulbecco modificato aquila contenente il 10% di siero fetale bovino viene aggiunto per neutralizzare la tripsina. Le cellule sono staccati pipettando su e giù (20 volte). Le cellule vengono conteggiati utilizzando un emocitometro. Numero di cellule appropriate sono teste di serie in base al tempo di raddoppio della linea cellulare (circa 20 ore per l&#39;uomo FEP-1811 cheratinociti). Lo scopo è quello di raggiungere confluenza ~ 90% (~ 10 6 cellule per cilindro), il giorno dell&#39;esperimento. Un esperimento composto da 12 fiaschi è ottimale per un singolo test clonogenica (sei controllo irraggiati e sei fiaschi irradiati) che può essere completato in circa quattro ore. 2. Trattamento e irradiazione <ol><li> Curare le cellule per un tempo adeguato con un contenuto significativo radiazioni modificando composto ed esporre le cellule a radiazioni ionizzanti o γ-radiazioni o raggi-X. </li></ol> Tipicamente sei fiaschi servire come efficienza placcatura (non trattato) e controlli unico farmaco. Gli altri sei palloni sono irradiati. In questo esempio cheratinociti umani sono trattati con varie concentrazioni di Cinnulin PF (CPF; Nutraceuticals integrità internazionale, Spring Hill, TN, Stati Uniti; dati rappresentativi per 20 mg / ml è indicato sotto), una formulazione idrosolubile antiossidante naturale, per 1 ora a 37 ° C. Le cellule sono irradiate con 4 Gy utilizzando una sorgente di 137 Cs (Gammacell 1000 Elite irradiatore; Nordion internazionale, ON, Canada; 1,6 Gy / min). 3. Placcatura <ol><li> Dopo il trattamento, sospensioni singola cella sono ottenuti come descritto in precedenza. </li><li> Il numero di cellule in ogni campione sono contati con cura utilizzando un emocitometro e diluito in modo tale che il numero di cellule appropriate sono seminati in piastre di Petri (cinque repliche di ciascuno in 15 piatti mm). La placcatura efficienza e / o sopravvivere frazione dovrebbe essere anticipato al momento di decidere il numero di cellule alle sementi per piastra. Lo scopo è quello di raggiungere una gamma di fra 20 - 150 colonie. </li> Piastre di Petri sono disposti in una scatola umidificata clonazione di plastica e incubate in un 5% di CO 2 ambiente a 37 ° C per la formazione di colonie. </ol> Il tempo di incubazione per la formazione di colonie varia da 1-3 settimane per le diverse linee cellulari, è accettato che il tempo deve essere pari ad almeno sei divisioni cellulari. In questo esempio, i piatti di controllo per cheratinociti umani richiedono otto giorni per formare cloni sufficientemente ampio costituito da 50 o più celle. 4. Fissaggio e colorazione Colonie Completare i seguenti passaggi in una cappa aspirante. <ol><li> Delicatamente rimuovere il supporto da ciascuna delle piastre per aspirazione. </li><li> Lavare ogni piatto con 5 ml di soluzione salina allo 0,9%. </li><li> Fissare le colonie con 5 ml di soluzione neutra al 10% formalina tamponata per 15-30 minuti. </li><li> Macchia viola con 5 ml 0,01% (w / v) di cristallo nella dH 2 O per 30-60 minuti. </li><li> Lavare viola eccesso di cristallo con dH 2 O e lasciare i piatti ad asciugare. </li></ol> 5. Conteggio delle colonie Stereomicroscopio <ol><li> Colonie contenenti più di 50 celle singole si contano utilizzando uno stereomicroscopio. </li></ol> Digital imaging e il conteggio utilizzando software di imaging <ol><li> Le immagini digitali delle colonie sono ottenuti utilizzando una fotocamera o dispositivo di scansione </li><li> Le colonie sono contate utilizzando l&#39;imaging pacchetti software di analisi come descritto di seguito. </li></ol> Conta delle cellule usando ImageJ (Fiji versione 1.44a) <ol><li> Aprire il file immagine in Fiji, andare su File -&gt; Apri. </li><li> Se necessario convertire l&#39;immagine in formato 8-bit, vai su Immagine -&gt; Regola Soglia ...-&gt;. </li><li> Regolare la soglia di ridurre i livelli di non-specifico background in modo che solo le colonie vengono rilevati. </li><li> Contare le colonie con la seguente: andare al processo - Binary&gt; -&gt; Trova maxima. </li></ol> Per questo formato di immagine, la tolleranza rumore può essere impostato a 0. Assicurarsi che l&#39;opzione di fondo della luce sia selezionata e visualizzare in anteprima i massimi rilevati per verificare che tutte le colonie di cellule sono stati correttamente registrati.

<ol>
	<li>Puck, T. T., Marcus, P. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Action+of+x-rays+on+mammalian+cells.">Action of x-rays on mammalian cells.</a> J Exp Med. 103, 653-666 (1956).</li><li>Hurlin, P. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progression+of+human+papillomavirus+type+18-immortalized+human+keratinocytes+to+a+malignant+phenotype.">Progression of human papillomavirus type 18-immortalized human keratinocytes to a malignant phenotype.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 88, 570-574 (1991).</li></ol>

Nessun conflitto di interessi dichiarati.

In questo esempio umano FEP-1811 cheratinociti sono stati trattati con diverse concentrazioni fino a 100 mg / ml CPF; dato viene mostrato per 20 mg / mL CPF per 1 ora a 37 ° C. Dopo il trattamento le cellule sono state irradiate con 4 Gy utilizzando una sorgente di 137 Cs (Gammacell 1000 Elite irradiatore; Nordion internazionale, ON, Canada; 1,6 Gy / min). Per i trattamenti di controllo non trattato solo di droga e 100 cellule sono state placcate in ogni capsula di Petri e 1000 cellule per piatto sono stati ...

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">	
		
		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Keratinocyte-serum free medium</td>
<td>Growth medium</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>17005042</td>
<td>Supplemented with 2mM L-glutamine, 20&#x03BC;g/ml gentamicin, epidermal growth factor, bovine pituitary extract.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Trypsin-EDTA</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>15400-054</td>
<td>0.05% trypsin / EDTA to detach adherent cells; 10 x stock diluted in PBS w/o Ca2+/Mg2+.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dulbecco&#x2019;s modified essential medium</td>
<td>Growth medium</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>11885-084</td>
<td>Supplemented with 10% FBS and 20&mu;g/ml gentamicin; used to neutralise trypsin/EDTA.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>0.09% Saline</td>
<td>Solution</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td> Used to wash colonies.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10% Neutral buffered formalin solution</td>
<td>Solution</td>
<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
<td>HT501128</td>
<td>~4% formaldehyde; used to fix colonies.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Crystal violet</td>
<td>Powder</td>
<td>SPI-Chem</td>
<td>02577-MB</td>
<td>0.01% crystal violet solution, prepared in dH2O, used to stain colonies.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gammacell 1000 elite irradiator</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Nordion International Inc.</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Petri dishes</td>
<td>60 x 15 mm</td>
<td>Falcon</td>
<td>353002</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Haemocytometer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Hawksley; Medical and Laboratory Equipment</td>
<td>AC1000</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Cloning box</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Plastic box with holes punched at opposite sides of lid; for storing petri dishes during prolonged incubation for colony formation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Stereomicroscope</td>
<td>Type 102</td>
<td>Nikon</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Used to count colonies consisting of &gt;50 cells.</td>
</tr>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

clonogenic assay: adherent cells

Il (o ​​formanti colonie) clonogenica saggio è stato stabilito per più di 50 anni, la carta originale che descrive la tecnica è stata pubblicata nel 1956 1. Oltre a documentare il metodo, lo studio punto di riferimento iniziale generato la prima dose di radiazioni curva di risposta per i raggi X irradiato mammiferi (HeLa), le cellule in coltura 1. Fondamentalmente, il saggio clonogenica consente una valutazione delle differenze di vitalità riproduttiva (capacità delle cellule di produrre progenie, cioè una singola cellula a formare una colonia di 50 o più cellule) tra le cellule di controllo non trattato e le cellule che hanno subito diversi trattamenti come l&#39;esposizione a radiazioni ionizzanti, composti chimici vari (es. agenti citotossici) o in altri casi la manipolazione genetica. Il test è diventata la tecnica più ampiamente accettata in biologia radiazioni ed è stato ampiamente utilizzato per valutare la sensibilità alle radiazioni di diverse linee cellulari. Inoltre, il saggio clonogenica è comunemente usato per monitorare l&#39;efficacia di composti radiazioni modifica e per determinare gli effetti di agenti citotossici e di altre terapie anti-cancro sulla capacità formanti colonie, in diverse linee cellulari. Un tipico esperimento di sopravvivenza clonogenica utilizzando linee di cellule aderenti coinvolge tre componenti distinte, 1) il trattamento del monostrato cellulare in flaconi colture di tessuti, 2) preparazione di sospensioni singola cellula e placcatura un adeguato numero di cellule in piastre di Petri e 3) di fissaggio e colorazione colonie dopo un periodo di incubazione rilevante, che potrebbe variare da 1-3 settimane, a seconda della linea cellulare. Qui mostriamo la procedura generale per l&#39;esecuzione del test clonogenica con linee cellulari aderenti con l&#39;utilizzo di una linea cellulare umana immortalata cheratinociti (FEP-1811) 2. Inoltre, i nostri obiettivi sono quelli di descrivere caratteristiche comuni di test clonogenica compreso il calcolo del rendimento della placcatura e le frazioni di sopravvivenza dopo l&#39;esposizione delle cellule alle radiazioni, e per esemplificare la modifica della radiazione-risposta con l&#39;utilizzo di una formulazione antiossidante naturale.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Clonogenic Assay: Adherent Cells at JoVE.com

Clonogenic Assay: Adherent Cells

L&#39;applicabilità del test clonogenica per valutare la vitalità riproduttiva è stata stabilita da oltre 50 anni. Qui mostriamo la procedura generale per l&#39;esecuzione del test clonogenica con cellule aderenti.

Clonogenica saggio: cellule aderenti

The clonogenic (or colony forming) assay has been established for more than 50 years; the original paper describing the technique was published in 19561. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

47.8K Views.  The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct. L'applicabilità del test clonogenica per valutare la vitalità riproduttiva è stata stabilita da oltre 50 anni. Qui mostriamo la procedura generale per l'esecuzione del test clonogenica con cellule aderenti.

Video: Clonogenic Assay: Adherent Cells

Fabrication and Operation of an Oxygen Insert for Adherent Cellular Cultures 

Oxygen is a key modulator of many cellular pathways, but current devices permitting in vitro oxygen modulation fail to meet the needs of biomedical research. The hypoxic chamber offers a simple system to control oxygenation in standard culture vessels, but lacks precise temporal and spatial control over the oxygen concentration at the cell surface, preventing its application in studying a variety of physiological phenomena. Other systems have improved upon the hypoxic chamber, but require specialized knowledge and equipment for their operation, making them intimidating for the average researcher. A microfabricated insert for multiwell plates has been developed to more effectively control the temporal and spatial oxygen concentration to better model physiological phenomena found in vivo. The platform consists of a polydimethylsiloxane insert that nests into a standard multiwell plate and serves as a passive microfluidic gas network with a gas-permeable membrane aimed to modulate oxygen delivery to adherent cells. The device is simple to use and is connected to gas cylinders that provide the pressure to introduce the desired oxygen concentration into the platform. Fabrication involves a combination of standard SU-8 photolithography, replica molding, and defined PDMS spinning on a silicon wafer. The components of the device are bonded after surface treatment using a hand-held plasma system. Validation is accomplished with a planar fluorescent oxygen sensor. Equilibration time is on the order of minutes and a wide variety of oxygen profiles can be attained based on the device design, such as the cyclic profile achieved in this study, and even oxygen gradients to mimic those found in vivo. The device can be sterilized for cell culture using common methods without loss of function. The device's applicability to studying the in vitro wound healing response will be demonstrated.

Fabrication and Operation of an Oxygen Insert for Adherent Cellular Cultures

Fabrication and validation of an add-on platform that offers enhanced control over the spatial and temporal oxygenation in a 6-well plate. The device is adaptable to a number of culture systems and can be used to investigate the effects of oxygen on wound healing.

Realizzazione e di funzionamento di un Inserto di ossigeno per colture cellulari aderenti

Oxygen is a key modulator of many cellular pathways, but current devices permitting in vitro oxygen modulation fail to meet the needs of biomedical ...

Ricerca

Biologia

In situ Subcellular Fractionation of Adherent and Non-adherent Mammalian Cells

Protein function is intimately coupled to protein localization. Although some proteins are restricted to a specific location or subcellular compartment, many proteins are present as a freely diffusing population in free exchange with a sub-population that is tightly associated with a particular subcellular domain or structure. In situ subcellular fractionation allows the visualization of protein compartmentalization and can also reveal protein sub-populations that localize to specific structures. For example, removal of soluble cytoplasmic proteins and loosely held nuclear proteins can reveal the stable association of some transcription factors with chromatin. Subsequent digestion of DNA can in some cases reveal association with the network of proteins and RNAs that is collectively termed the nuclear scaffold or nuclear matrix. 
Here we describe the steps required during the in situ fractionation of adherent and non-adherent mammalian cells on microscope coverslips. Protein visualization can be achieved using specific antibodies or fluorescent fusion proteins and fluorescence microscopy. Antibodies and/or fluorescent dyes that act as markers for specific compartments or structures allow protein localization to be mapped in detail. In situ fractionation can also be combined with western blotting to compare the amounts of protein present in each fraction. This simple biochemical approach can reveal associations that would otherwise remain undetected.

In situ Subcellular Fractionation of Adherent and Non-adherent Mammalian Cells

In situ subcellular fractionation of mammalian cells on microscope coverslips allows the visualisation of protein localisation.

In situ Frazionamento subcellulare di cellule di mammifero aderenti e non aderenti

Protein function is intimately coupled to protein localization. Although some proteins are restricted to a specific location or subcellular compartment, ...

A Matrigel-Based Tube Formation Assay to Assess the Vasculogenic Activity of Tumor Cells

Over the past several decades, a tube formation assay using growth factor-reduced Matrigel has been typically employed to demonstrate the angiogenic activity of vascular endothelial cells in vitro1-5. However, recently growing evidence has shown that this assay is not limited to test vascular behavior for endothelial cells. Instead, it also has been used to test the ability of a number of tumor cells to develop a vascular phenotype6-8. This capability was consistent with their vasculogenic behavior identified in xenotransplanted animals, a process known as vasculogenic mimicry (VM)9. There is a multitude of evidence demonstrating that tumor cell-mediated VM plays a vital role in the tumor development, independent of endothelial cell angiogenesis6, 10-13. For example, tumor cells were found to participate in the blood perfused, vascular channel formation in tissue samples from melanoma and glioblastoma patients8, 10, 11. Here, we described this tubular network assay as a useful tool in evaluation of vasculogenic activity of tumor cells. We found that some tumor cell lines such as melanoma B16F1 cells, glioblastoma U87 cells, and breast cancer MDA-MB-435 cells are able to form vascular tubules; but some do not such as colon cancer HCT116 cells. Furthermore, this vascular phenotype is dependent on cell numbers plated on the Matrigel. Therefore, this assay may serve as powerful utility to screen the vascular potential of a variety of cell types including vascular cells, tumor cells as well as other cells.

A tube formation assay is used to evaluate vascular activity of tumor cells.

Un Matrigel-Based Formazione Assay tubo per valutare l&#39;attività vascolare delle cellule tumorali

Over the past several decades, a tube formation assay using growth factor-reduced Matrigel has been typically employed to demonstrate the angiogenic ...

Isolation of Primary Mouse Trophoblast Cells and Trophoblast Invasion Assay

The placenta is responsible for the transport of nutrients, gasses and growth factors to the fetus, as well as the elimination of wastes. 
Thus, defects in placental development have important consequences for the fetus and mother, and are a major cause of embryonic lethality. The major cell type of the 
fetal portion of the placenta is the trophoblast. Primary mouse placental trophoblast cells are a useful tool for studying normal and abnormal placental development, 
and unlike cell lines, may be isolated and used to study trophoblast at specific stages of pregnancy. In addition, primary cultures of trophoblast from transgenic
mice may be used to study the role of particular genes in placental cells. The protocol presented here is based on the description by Thordarson et al.1, in which a 
percoll gradient is used to obtain a relatively pure trophoblast cell population from isolated mouse placentas. It is similar to the more widely used methods for 
human trophoblast cell isolation2-3. Purity may be assessed by immunocytochemical staining of the isolated cells for cytokeratin 74. Here, the isolated cells are 
then analyzed using a matrigel invasion assay to assess trophoblast invasiveness in vitro5-6. The invaded cells are analyzed by immunocytochemistry and stained 
for counting.

In this protocol, we describe the dissection of placentae from the mouse on pregnancy d10.5, followed by isolation of trophoblast cells using a Percoll gradient. We then demonstrate use of the isolated cells in a matrigel invasion assay.

Isolamento di cellule primarie trofoblasto mouse e Invasion Assay trofoblasto

The placenta is responsible for the transport of nutrients, gasses and growth factors to the fetus, as well as the elimination of wastes.  
Thus, defects ...

Identifying Targets of Human microRNAs with the LightSwitch Luciferase Assay System using 3'UTR-reporter Constructs and a microRNA Mimic in Adherent Cells

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression and play a role in many biological processes. More than 700 human miRNAs have been identified so far with each having up to hundreds of unique target mRNAs. Computational tools, expression and proteomics assays, and chromatin-immunoprecipitation-based techniques provide important clues for identifying mRNAs that are direct targets of a particular miRNA. In addition, 3'UTR-reporter assays have become an important component of thorough miRNA target studies because they provide functional evidence for and quantitate the effects of specific miRNA-3'UTR interactions in a cell-based system. To enable more researchers to leverage 3'UTR-reporter assays and to support the scale-up of such assays to high-throughput levels, we have created a genome-wide collection of human 3'UTR luciferase reporters in the highly-optimized LightSwitch Luciferase Assay System. The system also includes synthetic miRNA target reporter constructs for use as positive controls, various endogenous 3'UTR reporter constructs, and a series of standardized experimental protocols.
Here we describe a method for co-transfection of individual 3'UTR-reporter constructs along with a miRNA mimic that is efficient, reproducible, and amenable to high-throughput analysis.

Identifying Targets of Human microRNAs with the LightSwitch Luciferase Assay System using 3&#039;UTR-reporter Constructs and a microRNA Mimic in Adherent Cells

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression and have been shown to play a role in numerous biological processes. To better understand miRNA-UTR interactions, we have created a genome-wide collection of 3 UTR luciferase reporters paired with a novel luciferase gene and assay reagent, the LightSwitch system.

Obiettivi Identificazione di microRNA umani con il sistema di analisi Luciferasi LightSwitch utilizzando 3&#39;UTR-reporter Costruisce e un Mimic microRNA in cellule aderenti

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression and play a role in many biological processes.  More than 700 human miRNAs have been ...

Induction and Analysis of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential for proper morphogenesis during development. Misregulation of this process has been implicated as a key event in fibrosis and the progression of carcinomas to a metastatic state. Understanding the processes that underlie EMT is imperative for the early diagnosis and clinical control of these disease states. Reliable induction of EMT in vitro is a useful tool for drug discovery as well as to identify common gene expression signatures for diagnostic purposes. Here we demonstrate a straightforward method for the induction of EMT in a variety of cell types. Methods for the analysis of cells pre- and post-EMT induction by immunocytochemistry are also included. Additionally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this method through antibody-based array analysis and migration/invasion assays.

A straightforward method is described for the induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a variety of cell types. Methods for the analysis of cells in EMT states by immunocytochemistry are included.

Induzione e Analisi dei epiteliale a Mesenchymal Transizione

Epithelial  to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential for proper morphogenesis during  development. Misregulation of this  process has been implicated ...

A Functional Assay for Gap Junctional Examination; Electroporation of Adherent Cells on Indium-Tin Oxide

In this technique, cells are cultured on a glass slide that is partly coated with indium-tin oxide (ITO), a transparent, electrically conductive material. A variety of molecules, such as peptides or oligonucleotides can be introduced into essentially 100% of the cells in a non-traumatic manner.&#160; Here, we describe how it can be used to study intercellular, gap junctional communication. Lucifer yellow penetrates into the cells when an electric pulse, applied to the conductive surface on which they are growing, causes pores to form through the cell membrane. This is electroporation. Cells growing on the nonconductive&#160;glass surface immediately adjacent to the electroporated region do not take up Lucifer yellow by electroporation but do acquire the fluorescent dye as it is passed to them via gap junctions that link them to the electroporated cells. The results of the transfer of dye from cell to cell can be observed microscopically under fluorescence illumination. This technique allows for precise quantitation of gap junctional communication. In addition, it can be used for the introduction of peptides or other non-permeant molecules, and the transfer of small electroporated peptides via gap junctions to inhibit the signal in the adjacent, non-electroporated cells is a powerful demonstration of signal inhibition.

This presentation demonstrates a method whereby electroporation of adherent, cultured cells is used for the study of intercellular, junctional communication, while the cells grow on a slide coated with conductive and transparent indium-tin oxide.

Un test funzionale per Gap giunzionale esame; Elettroporazione di cellule aderenti su indio-Tin Oxide

In this technique, cells are cultured on a glass slide that is partly coated with indium-tin oxide (ITO), a transparent, electrically conductive material. ...

Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury

The kidneys are susceptible to harm from exposure to chemicals they filter from the bloodstream. This can lead to organ injury associated with a rapid decline in renal function and development of the clinical syndrome known as acute kidney injury (AKI). Pharmacological agents used to treat medical circumstances ranging from bacterial infection to cancer, when administered individually or in combination with other drugs, can initiate AKI. Zebrafish are a useful animal model to study the chemical effects on renal function in vivo, as they form an embryonic kidney comprised of nephron functional units that are conserved with higher vertebrates, including humans. Further, zebrafish can be utilized to perform genetic and chemical screens, which provide opportunities to elucidate the cellular and molecular facets of AKI and develop therapeutic strategies such as the identification of nephroprotective molecules. Here, we demonstrate how microinjection into the zebrafish embryo can be utilized as a paradigm for nephrotoxin studies.

Renal injuries incurred from nephrotoxins, which include drugs ranging from antibiotics to chemotherapeutics, can result in complex disorders whose pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. This protocol demonstrates how zebrafish can be used for disease modeling of these conditions, which can be applied to the identification of renoprotective measures.

Nefrotossina microiniezione in Zebrafish per creare un modello danno renale acuto

The kidneys are susceptible to harm from exposure to chemicals they filter from the bloodstream. This can lead to organ injury associated with a rapid ...

A Graphical User Interface for Software-assisted Tracking of Protein Concentration in Dynamic Cellular Protrusions

Filopodia are dynamic, finger-like cellular protrusions associated with migration and cell-cell communication. In order to better understand the complex signaling mechanisms underlying filopodial initiation, elongation and subsequent stabilization or retraction, it is crucial to determine the spatio-temporal protein activity in these dynamic structures. To analyze protein function in filopodia, we recently developed a semi-automated tracking algorithm that adapts to filopodial shape-changes, thus allowing parallel analysis of protrusion dynamics and relative protein concentration along the whole filopodial length. Here, we present a detailed step-by-step protocol for optimized cell handling, image acquisition and software analysis. We further provide instructions for the use of optional features during image analysis and data representation, as well as troubleshooting guidelines for all critical steps along the way. Finally, we also include a comparison of the described image analysis software with other programs available for filopodia quantification. Together, the presented protocol provides a framework for accurate analysis of protein dynamics in filopodial protrusions using image analysis software.

We present a software solution for semi-automated tracking of relative protein concentration along the length of dynamic cellular protrusions.

Un&#39;interfaccia utente grafica per il monitoraggio assistito della concentrazione di proteine ​​in protrusioni cellulari dinamiche

Filopodia are dynamic, finger-like cellular protrusions associated with migration and cell-cell communication. In order to better understand the complex ...

Lens-free Video Microscopy for the Dynamic and Quantitative Analysis of Adherent Cell Culture

Here, we demonstrate that lens-free video microscopy enables us to simultaneously capture the kinetics of thousands of cells directly inside the incubator and that it is possible to monitor and quantify single cells along several cell cycles. We describe the full protocol used to monitor and quantify a HeLa cell culture for 2.7 days. First, cell culture acquisition is performed with a lens-free video microscope, and then the data is analyzed following a four-step process: multi-wavelength holographic reconstruction, cell-tracking, cell segmentation and cell division detection algorithms. As a result, we show that it is possible to gather a dataset featuring more than 10,000 cell cycle tracks and more than 2 x 106 cell morphological measurements.

Lens-free video microscopy enables us to monitor cell cultures directly inside the incubator. Here we describe the full protocol used to acquire and analyze a 2.7 day long acquisition of cultured HeLa cells, leading to a dataset of 2.2 x 106 measurements of individual cell morphology and 10584 cell cycle tracks.

Lente-free Video microscopia per la dinamica e analisi quantitativa della coltura delle cellule aderenti

Here, we demonstrate that lens-free video microscopy enables us to simultaneously capture the kinetics of thousands of cells directly inside the incubator ...