Il finanziamento per questo lavoro è stato fornito in parte dal Commonwealth della Pennsylvania # # 240468 4100037709 subappalto e Drexel University subappaltare # 280773.

<ol>
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J., Diamond, S. G., Franceschini, M. A., Boas, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HomER:+a+review+of+time-series+analysis+methods+for+near-infrared+spectroscopy+of+the+brain.">HomER: a review of time-series analysis methods for near-infrared spectroscopy of the brain.</a> Appl Opt. 48, 280-298 (2009).</li><li>Zhang, Q., Strangman, G., Ganis, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adaptive+filtering+to+reduce+global+interference+in+non-invasive+NIRS+measures+of+brain+activation:+How+well+and+when+does+it+work?.">Adaptive filtering to reduce global interference in non-invasive NIRS measures of brain activation: How well and when does it work?.</a> Neuroimage. 45, 788-794 (2009).</li><li>Izzetoglu, M., Devaraj, A., Bunce, S., Onaral, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Motion+artifact+cancellation+in+NIR+spectroscopy+using+Wiener+filtering.">Motion artifact cancellation in NIR spectroscopy using Wiener filtering.</a> IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 52, 934-938 (2005).</li><li>Cope, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The development of a near infrared spectroscopy system and its application for non invasive monitoring of cerebral blood and tissue oxygenation in the newborn infant. , (1991).</li><li>Elwell, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantification+of+adult+cerebral+hemodynamics+by+near-infrared+spectroscopy.">Quantification of adult cerebral hemodynamics by near-infrared spectroscopy.</a> Journal of Applied Physiology. 77, 2753-2753 (1994).</li><li>Wyatt, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitation+of+cerebral+blood+volume+in+human+infants+by+near-infrared+spectroscopy.">Quantitation of cerebral blood volume in human infants by near-infrared spectroscopy.</a> Journal of Applied Physiology. 68, 1086-1086 (1990).</li><li>Ayaz, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy based Brain Computer Interface PhD thesis [dissertation]. , (2010).</li><li>Wood, J. N., Grafman, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+prefrontal+cortex:+processing+and+representational+perspectives.">Human prefrontal cortex: processing and representational perspectives.</a> Nat Rev Neurosci. 4, 139-147 (2003).</li><li>Shadmehr, R., Holcomb, H. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+correlates+of+motor+memory+consolidation.">Neural correlates of motor memory consolidation.</a> Science. 277, 821-825 (1997).</li></ol>

Dispositivi fNIR, LLC produce l&#39;ottica dello strumento di imaging del cervello e IP licenza e know-how di Drexel University. H. Ayaz, M. Izzetoglu, K. Izzetoglu e B. Onaral sono stati coinvolti nello sviluppo della tecnologia e quindi offerto una quota minore nella nuova azienda Dispositivi di avvio fNIR, LLC.

La corteccia prefrontale (PFC) nel cervello umano facilita il controllo cognitivo il coordinamento dei pensieri e delle azioni in relazione agli obiettivi interni. In particolare, l&#39;anteriore / PFC dorsolaterale è noto a mediare funzioni cognitive superiori quali la gestione delle attività, la pianificazione e la navigazione spaziale 25. fNIR è un portatile, sicuro e non invasivo strumento di controllo del cervello che è stata utilizzata in clinica, di laboratorio e naturale impostazioni per studiare l&#39;attivazione del cervello. Questo studio esplorativo ha dimostrato l&#39;uso della Suite Maze e fNIR per studiare gli aspetti neurocomportamentali della navigazione spaziale. In questo studio esplorativo, la piattaforma MazeSuite viene utilizzato in combinazione con fNIR di studiare gli aspetti neurocomportamentali della navigazione spaziale nel PFC dorsolaterale e per dimostrare la combinazione di questi due strumenti. MazeSuite è una piattaforma sperimentale di progettazione, presentazione e analisi. Consente la creazione e applicazione di semplici ambienti 3D con una interfaccia grafica user friendly e registra automaticamente le misure comportamentali per soggetto o nel confronto tra soggetti. Durante la presentazione di ambienti MazeSuite, simultanea tempo sincronizzato fNIR misurazioni sono state scattate con un normale portatile, continuo sistema fNIR onda (Imager 1000, Dispositivi fNIR, LLC) e COBI software Studio 15. fNIR precedentemente è stato stabilito come uno strumento sicuro ed efficace di monitoraggio non invasivo del cervello in clinica, di laboratorio e naturale le impostazioni per lo studio di attivazione cerebrale 7,11 ed è usato in questo studio per analizzare le risposte cognitive associate a disturbi durante la contestuale dei compiti di navigazione spaziale. Per esaminare gli effetti delle interferenze pratica contestuale ordine, i soggetti sono stati presentati sia con bassa interferenza (BLK) o interferenze alta (RND) per la pratica. Questi gli orari pratica distinte sono stati utilizzati per testare l&#39;effetto di apprendimento virtuali multipli spaziale compiti labirinto di navigazione attraverso test acquisizione, il mantenimento e il trasferimento. I risultati indicano che il comportamento sia per ordini pratica, c&#39;è una tendenza monotona diminuzione del tempo totale necessario per completare labirinto, suggerendo che come pratica i soggetti, hanno completato ogni labirinto in brevi periodi di tempo. Inoltre, la velocità media con cui i soggetti navigato il labirinto (velocità labirinto) è aumentato con la pratica. Questi miglioramenti in misure comportamentali attraverso il tempo si prevede deduzioni di apprendimento. Significa ossi-emoglobina variazioni di concentrazione durante le prove pratiche indicano che la pratica BLK richiesta di attivazione cerebrali superiori rispetto alle RND per la pratica. RND pratica portato a tempi di realizzazione più veloce e la lunghezza dei percorsi più brevi rispetto all&#39;ordine pratica BLK sia per la conservazione ed il trasferimento, rispettivamente. Una tendenza al ribasso osservata nel frattempo ossi-Hb per BLK e RND pratica negli studi di ritenzione indicando una ridotta attività nella PFC. Questo risultato è atteso come la ricerca precedente ha suggerito che vi è una riduzione dell&#39;attività del PFC durante le fasi successive di apprendimento 12,26. Inoltre, la navigazione in labirinti nuovo durante la fase di trasferimento richieste di attivazione cerebrali superiori per pratica soggetta BLK rispetto alla pratica RND soggetto. Dato che l&#39;ordine pratica era diversa per i compiti già imparato (cioè, maze1, maze2 e maze3), questo ordine casuale stratificato pratica per il soggetto che ha imparato le attività di un sequenziale (BLK pratica) al fine potrebbe essere stato sufficientemente originali da richiedere ulteriore sforzo e le risorse cognitive per svolgere i compiti 12,26. Tuttavia, per il RND pratica, la fase di trasferimento di attivazione neurale non è stata superiore alla fase di ritenzione. Questi risultati confermano i risultati del PET con la navigazione spaziale di labirinti virtuali riportato da Van Horn e colleghi 12. In sintesi, abbiamo descritto l&#39;uso di MazeSuite in combinazione con COBI Studio per uno studio sugli effetti di interferenza contestuale relativi alla pratica ordine quando l&#39;apprendimento spaziale compiti di navigazione. I metodi fNIR discusse qui non si limitano a compiti di navigazione spaziale e può essere utilizzato per una varietà di attività in studi di neuroimaging altri. Fasi di progettazione, realizzazione, acquisizione e analisi dei dati dello studio sono stati spiegati con l&#39;intento di fornire una linea guida per gli studi futuri.

<ul><li> Maze Suite www.mazesuite.com </li><li> fNIR Imager 1000 www.fnirdevices.com </li></ul>

using mazesuite and functional near infrared spectroscopy to study learning in spatial navigation

MazeSuite è un set di strumenti completo per preparare, presentare e analizzare esperimenti di navigazione e spaziale 1. MazeSuite può essere utilizzato per progettare e modificare adattato ambienti virtuali 3D, tenere traccia delle prestazioni comportamentali uno dei partecipanti &#39;all&#39;interno dell&#39;ambiente virtuale e la sincronizzazione con dispositivi esterni per le misure fisiologiche e di neuroimaging, tra cui elettroencefalogramma e eye tracking. Funzionale spettroscopia nel vicino infrarosso (fNIR) è una tecnica di imaging ottico del cervello che permette il monitoraggio continuo, non invasivo, e portatile di variazioni dell&#39;ossigenazione del sangue cerebrale relativi alle funzioni del cervello umano 2-7. Negli ultimi dieci anni fNIR viene utilizzato per monitorare in modo efficace le attività cognitive come l&#39;attenzione, la memoria di lavoro e di problem solving 7-11. fNIR può essere implementato sotto forma di un dispositivo indossabile e minimamente invasiva, ha la capacità di monitorare l&#39;attività cerebrale in ambienti ecologicamente validi. Funzioni cognitive valutata attraverso le prestazioni missione comporta pattern di attivazione cerebrale della corteccia prefrontale (PFC) che variano dal rendimento iniziale compito romanzo, dopo le prove e durante la ritenzione 12. Utilizzando la tomografia ad emissione di positroni (PET), Van Horn e colleghi hanno scoperto che flusso ematico cerebrale regionale è stato attivato nel lobo frontale destro durante la codifica (per esempio, le prestazioni iniziali ingenuo) di navigazione spaziale dei labirinti virtuali, mentre c&#39;era poco da mancata attivazione del regioni frontali dopo le prove e durante i test di ritenzione. Inoltre, gli effetti di interferenza contestuale, un fenomeno di apprendimento relativi alla organizzazione della pratica, sono evidenti quando gli individui acquisiscono più attività in orari diversi la pratica 13,14. Di disturbo ad alta contestuale (orario pratica casuale) si crea quando i compiti da imparare sono presentati in modo non sequenziale, ordine imprevedibile. Bassa interferenza contestuale (orario pratica bloccato) si crea quando i compiti da imparare sono presentati in un ordine prevedibile. Il nostro obiettivo è duplice: in primo luogo per illustrare il processo di progettazione sperimentale, il protocollo e l&#39;utilizzo di MazeSuite, e la seconda, per dimostrare la configurazione e installazione del sistema di monitoraggio fNIR attività cerebrale cognitiva utilizzando ottiche Brain Imaging (COBI) Studio software 15. Per illustrare i nostri obiettivi, un sottocampione di uno studio è riportato che l&#39;uso di entrambe MazeSuite e COBI Studio in un singolo esperimento. Lo studio prevede la valutazione delle attività cognitiva del PFC durante l&#39;acquisizione e apprendimento di compiti labirinto computer per ordini bloccati e casuali. Due destri adulti (un maschio e una femmina) di acquisizione effettuate 315, 30 ritenzione e 20 prove di trasferimento in quattro giorni. Fasi di progettazione, realizzazione, acquisizione e analisi dei dati dello studio sono stati spiegati con l&#39;intento di fornire una linea guida per gli studi futuri.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Using MazeSuite and Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Study Learning in Spatial Navigation at JoVE.com

Using MazeSuite and Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Study Learning in Spatial Navigation

MazeSuite è un set di strumenti completo per preparare, presentare e analizzare esperimenti di navigazione e spaziale. Funzionale spettroscopia nel vicino infrarosso (fNIR) è una tecnica di imaging ottico del cervello che permette il monitoraggio non invasivo e portatile di cambiamenti cerebrali ossigenazione del sangue. Questo documento riassume uso collettivo di MazeSuite e fNIR all&#39;interno di un paradigma di apprendimento cognitivo di elaborazione.

Utilizzando MazeSuite e funzionale Near Infrared Spectroscopy per studiare l&#39;apprendimento in navigazione spaziale

MazeSuite is a complete toolset to prepare, present and analyze navigational and spatial experiments1. MazeSuite can be used to design and edit adapted ...

using-mazesuite-functional-near-infrared-spectroscopy-to-study

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

30.4K Views.  Drexel University. MazeSuite è un set di strumenti completo per preparare, presentare e analizzare esperimenti di navigazione e spaziale. Funzionale spettroscopia nel vicino infrarosso (fNIR) è una tecnica di imaging ottico del cervello che permette il monitoraggio non invasivo e portatile di cambiamenti cerebrali ossigenazione del sangue. Questo documento riassume uso collettivo di MazeSuite e fNIR all'interno di un paradigma di apprendimento cognitivo di elaborazione.

Video: Using MazeSuite and Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Study Learning in Spatial Navigation

Functional Neuroimaging Using Ultrasonic Blood-brain Barrier Disruption and Manganese-enhanced MRI

Although mice are the dominant model system for studying the genetic and molecular underpinnings of neuroscience, functional neuroimaging in mice remains technically challenging. One approach, Activation-Induced Manganese-enhanced MRI (AIM MRI), has been used successfully to map neuronal activity in rodents 1-5. In AIM MRI, Mn2+ acts a calcium analog and accumulates in depolarized neurons 6,7. Because Mn2+ shortens the T1 tissue property, regions of elevated neuronal activity will enhance in MRI. Furthermore, Mn2+ clears slowly from the activated regions; therefore, stimulation can be performed outside the magnet prior to imaging, enabling greater experimental flexibility. However, because Mn2+ does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the need to open the BBB has limited the use of AIM MRI, especially in mice.
One tool for opening the BBB is ultrasound. Though potentially damaging, if ultrasound is administered in combination with gas-filled microbubbles (i.e., ultrasound contrast agents), the acoustic pressure required for BBB opening is considerably lower. This combination of ultrasound and microbubbles can be used to reliably open the BBB without causing tissue damage 8-11.
Here, a method is presented for performing AIM MRI by using microbubbles and ultrasound to open the BBB. After an intravenous injection of perflutren microbubbles, an unfocused pulsed ultrasound beam is applied to the shaved mouse head for 3 minutes. For simplicity, we refer to this technique of BBB Opening with Microbubbles and UltraSound as BOMUS 12. Using BOMUS to open the BBB throughout both cerebral hemispheres, manganese is administered to the whole mouse brain. After experimental stimulation of the lightly sedated mice, AIM MRI is used to map the neuronal response.
To demonstrate this approach, herein BOMUS and AIM MRI are used to map unilateral mechanical stimulation of the vibrissae in lightly sedated mice 13. Because BOMUS can open the BBB throughout both hemispheres, the unstimulated side of the brain is used to control for nonspecific background stimulation. The resultant 3D activation map agrees well with published representations of the vibrissae regions of the barrel field cortex 14. The ultrasonic opening of the BBB is fast, noninvasive, and reversible; and thus this approach is suitable for high-throughput and/or longitudinal studies in awake mice.

A technique is described for broadly opening the blood-brain barrier in the mouse using microbubbles and ultrasound. Using this technique, manganese can be administered to the mouse brain. Because manganese is an MRI contrast agent that accumulates in depolarized neurons, this approach enables imaging of neuronal activity.

Neuroimaging funzionale con l&#39;impiego dell&#39;ecografia emato-encefalica e la barriera di Turbativa del Manganese-enhanced MRI

Although mice are the dominant model system for studying the genetic and molecular underpinnings of neuroscience, functional neuroimaging in mice remains ...

Ricerca

Neuroscienze

Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Induction of phosphorylated extracellular-regulated kinase (pERK) is a reliable molecular readout of learning-dependent neuronal activation. Here, we describe a pERK immunohistochemistry protocol to study the profile of hippocampal neuron activation following exposure to a spatial learning task in a mouse model characterized by cognitive deficits of neurodevelopmental origin. Specifically, we used pERK immunostaining to study neuronal activation following Morris water maze (MWM, a classical hippocampal-dependent learning task) in Engrailed-2 knockout (En2-/-) mice, a model of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). As compared to wild-type (WT) controls, En2-/- mice showed significant spatial learning deficits in the MWM. After MWM, significant differences in the number of pERK-positive neurons were detected in specific hippocampal subfields of En2-/- mice, as compared to WT animals. Thus, our protocol can robustly detect differences in pERK-positive neurons associated to hippocampal-dependent learning impairment in a mouse model of ASD. More generally, our protocol can be applied to investigate the profile of hippocampal neuron activation in both genetic or pharmacological mouse models characterized by cognitive deficits.

We describe an immunohistochemistry protocol to study the profile of hippocampal neuron activation following exposure to a spatial learning task in a mouse model characterized by cognitive deficits of neurodevelopmental origin. This protocol can be applied to both genetic or pharmacological mouse models characterized by cognitive deficits.

Visualizzazione immunoistochimica di ippocampale Neuron attività dopo Spatial apprendimento in un modello murino di disturbi dello sviluppo neurologico

Induction of phosphorylated extracellular-regulated kinase (pERK) is a reliable molecular readout of learning-dependent neuronal activation. Here, we ...

Assessing Spatial Learning and Memory in Small Squamate Reptiles

Clinical research has leveraged a variety of paradigms to assess cognitive decline, commonly targeting spatial learning and memory abilities. However, interest in the cognitive processes of nonmodel species, typically within an ecological context, has also become an emerging field of study. In particular, interest in the cognitive processes in reptiles is growing although experimental studies on reptilian cognition are sparse. The few reptilian studies that have experimentally tested for spatial learning and memory have used rodent paradigms modified for use in reptiles. However, ecologically important aspects of the physiology and behavior of this taxonomic group must be taken into account when testing for spatially based cognition. Here, we describe modifications of the dry land Barnes maze and associated testing protocol that can improve performance when probing for spatial learning and memory ability in small squamate reptiles. The described paradigm and procedures were successfully used with male side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana), demonstrating that spatial learning and memory can be assessed in this taxonomic group with an ecologically relevant apparatus and protocol.

This paper describes a modification of the Barnes maze, a standard rodent paradigm used to assess spatial memory and learning, for use in small squamate reptiles.

Valutare l&#39;apprendimento spaziale e la memoria in piccoli rettili squamate

Clinical research has leveraged a variety of paradigms to assess cognitive decline, commonly targeting spatial learning and memory abilities. However, ...

Neuroimaging Field Methods Using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Neuroimaging to Study Global Child Development: Rural Sub-Saharan Africa

Portable neuroimaging approaches provide new advances to the study of brain function and brain development with previously inaccessible populations and in remote locations. This paper shows the development of field functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) imaging to the study of child language, reading, and cognitive development in a rural village setting of C&#244;te d&#39;Ivoire. Innovation in methods and the development of culturally appropriate neuroimaging protocols allow&#160;a first-time look into the brain&#39;s development and children&#39;s learning outcomes in understudied environments. This paper demonstrates protocols for transporting and setting up a mobile laboratory, discusses considerations for field versus laboratory neuroimaging, and presents a guide for developing neuroimaging consent procedures and building meaningful long-term collaborations with local government and science partners. Portable neuroimaging methods can be used to study complex child development contexts, including the impact of significant poverty and adversity on brain development. The protocol presented here has been developed for use in C&#244;te d&#39;Ivoire, the world&#39;s primary source of cocoa, and where reports of child labor in the cocoa sector are common. Yet, little is known about the impact of child labor on brain development and learning. Field neuroimaging methods have the potential to yield new insights into such urgent issues, and the development of children globally.

Neuroimaging Field Methods Using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy NIRS Neuroimaging to Study Global Child Development: Rural Sub-Saharan Africa

Portable neuroimaging approaches (functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy) provide advances to the study of the brain in previously inaccessible regions; here, rural C&#244;te d&#39;Ivoire. Innovation in methods and development of culturally-appropriate neuroimaging protocols permits novel study of the brain&#39;s development and children&#39;s learning outcomes in environments with significant poverty and adversity.

Metodi di neuroimaging campo usando vicino spettroscopia infrarossa (NIRS) Neuroimaging funzionale per studiare lo sviluppo globale del bambino: zone rurali dell'Africa sub-sahariano

Portable neuroimaging approaches provide new advances to the study of brain function and brain development with previously inaccessible populations and in ...

Conducting Hyperscanning Experiments with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Concurrent brain recordings of two or more interacting persons, an approach termed hyperscanning, are gaining increasing importance for our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of social interactions, and possibly interpersonal relationships. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is well suited for conducting hyperscanning experiments because it measures local hemodynamic effects with a high sampling rate and, importantly, it can be applied in natural settings, not requiring strict motion restrictions. In this article, we present a protocol for conducting fNIRS hyperscanning experiments with parent-child dyads and for analyzing brain-to-brain synchrony. Furthermore, we discuss critical issues and future directions, regarding the experimental design, spatial registration of the fNIRS channels, physiological influences and data analysis methods. The described protocol is not specific to parent-child dyads, but can be applied to a variety of different dyadic constellations, such as adult strangers, romantic partners or siblings. To conclude, fNIRS hyperscanning has the potential to yield new insights into the dynamics of the ongoing social interaction, which possibly go beyond what can be studied by examining the activities of individual brains.

The present protocol describes how to conduct fNIRS hyperscanning experiments and analyze brain-to-brain synchrony. Further, we discuss challenges and possible solutions.

Esperimenti di Hyperscanning con spettroscopia funzionale nel vicino infrarosso

Concurrent brain recordings of two or more interacting persons, an approach termed hyperscanning, are gaining increasing importance for our understanding ...

Using Near-infrared Fluorescence and High-resolution Scanning to Measure Protein Expression in the Rodent Brain

Neuroscience is the study of how cells in the brain mediate various functions. Measuring protein expression in neurons and glia is critical for the study of neuroscience as cellular function is determined by the composition and activity of cellular proteins. In this article, we describe how immunocytochemistry can be combined with near-infrared high-resolution scanning to provide a semi-quantitative measure of protein expression in distinct brain regions. This technique can be used for single or double protein expression in the same brain region. Measuring proteins in this fashion can be used to obtain a relative change in protein expression with an experimental manipulation, molecular signature of learning and memory, activity in molecular pathways, and neural activity in multiple brain regions. Using the correct proteins and statistical analysis, functional connectivity among brain regions can be determined as well. Given the ease of implementing immunocytochemistry in a laboratory, using immunocytochemistry with near-infrared high-resolution scanning can expand the ability of the neuroscientist to examine neurobiological processes at a systems level.

Here, we present a protocol that uses near-infrared dyes in conjunction with immunohistochemistry and high-resolution scanning to assay proteins in brain regions.

Utilizzo della fluorescenza Near-Infrared e scansione ad alta risoluzione per misurare l'espressione proteica nel cervello del roditore

Neuroscience is the study of how cells in the brain mediate various functions. Measuring protein expression in neurons and glia is critical for the study ...

Conducting Concurrent Electroencephalography and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Recordings with a Flanker Task

Concurrent EEG and fNIRS recordings offer an excellent opportunity to gain a full understanding of the neural mechanism of cognitive processing by inspecting the relationship between the neural and hemodynamic signals. EEG is an electrophysiological technology that can measure the rapid neuronal activity of the cortex, whereas fNIRS relies on the hemodynamic responses to infer brain activation. The combination of EEG and fNIRS neuroimaging techniques can identify more features and reveal more information associated with the functioning of the brain. In this protocol, fused EEG-fNIRS measurements were performed for concurrent recordings of evoked-electrical potentials and hemodynamic responses during a Flanker task. In addition, the critical steps for setting up the hardware and software system as well as the procedures for data acquisition and analysis were provided and discussed in detail. It is expected that the present protocol can pave a new avenue for improving the understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying various cognitive processes by using the EEG and fNIRS signals.

The present protocol describes how to perform concurrent EEG and fNIRS recordings and how to inspect the relationship between the EEG and fNIRS data.&#160;

Condurre l'elettroencefalografia simultanea e le registrazioni della spettroscopia funzionale vicino all'infrarosso con un compito Flanker

Concurrent EEG and fNIRS recordings offer an excellent opportunity to gain a full understanding of the neural mechanism of cognitive processing by ...

Qualitative and Comparative Cortical Activity Data Analyses from a Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Experiment Applying Block Design

Neuroimaging studies play a pivotal role in the evaluation of pre- vs. post-interventional neurological conditions such as in rehabilitation and surgical treatment. Among the many neuroimaging technologies used to measure brain activity, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) enables the evaluation of dynamic cortical activities by measuring the local hemoglobin levels similar to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Also, due to lesser physical restriction in fNIRS, multiple variants of sensorimotor tasks can be evaluated. Many laboratories have developed several methods for fNIRS data analysis; however, despite the fact that the general principles are the same, there is no universally standardized method. Here, we present the qualitative and comparative analytic methods of data obtained from a multi-channel fNIRS experiment using a block design. For qualitative analysis, we used a software for NIRS as a mass-univariate approach based on the generalized linear model. The NIRS-SPM analysis shows qualitative results for each session by visualizing the activated area during the task. In addition, the non-invasive three-dimensional digitizer can be used to estimate the fNIRS channel locations relative to the brain. To corroborate the NIRS-SPM findings, the amplitude of the changes in hemoglobin levels induced by the sensorimotor task can be statistically analyzed by comparing the data obtained from two different sessions (before and after intervention) of the same study subject using a multi-channel hierarchical mixed model. Our methods can be used to measure the pre- vs. post-intervention analysis in a variety of neurological disorders such as movement disorders, cerebrovascular diseases, and neuropsychiatric disorders.

We describe the analysis of continuous-wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy experiment using a block design with a sensorimotor task. To increase the reliability of the data analysis, we used the qualitative general linear model-based statistical parametric mapping and the comparative hierarchical mixed models for multi-channels.

Analisi qualitative e comparative dei dati di attività corticale da un esperimento funzionale di spettroscopia del vicino infrarosso che applica la progettazione di blocchi

Neuroimaging studies play a pivotal role in the evaluation of pre- vs. post-interventional neurological conditions such as in rehabilitation and surgical ...

Group Synchronization During Collaborative Drawing Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive method particularly suitable for measuring cerebral cortex activation in multiple subjects, which is relevant for studying group interpersonal interactions in ecological settings. Although many fNIRS systems technically offer the possibility to monitor more than two individuals simultaneously, establishing easy-to-implement setup procedures and reliable paradigms to track hemodynamic and behavioral responses in group interaction is still required. The present protocol combines fNIRS and video-based observation to measure interpersonal synchronization in quartets during a cooperative task.This protocol provides practical recommendations for data acquisition and paradigm design, as well as guiding principles for an illustrative data analysis example. The procedure is designed to assess differences in brain and behavior interpersonal responses between social and non-social conditions inspired by a well-known ice-breaker activity, the Collaborative Face Drawing Task. The described procedures can guide future studies to adapt group naturalistic social interaction activities to the fNIRS environment.

The present protocol combines functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and video-based observationto measure interpersonal synchronization in quartets during a collaborative drawing task.

Sincronizzazione di gruppo durante il disegno collaborativo mediante spettroscopia funzionale nel vicino infrarosso

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive method particularly suitable for measuring cerebral cortex activation in multiple subjects, ...

Rivoluzionare gli studi fNIRS: un nuovo approccio all'accoppiamento neurale

New Framework for Understanding Cross-Brain Coherence in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Hyperscanning Studies

Despite the growing body of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning studies, the assessment of coupling between two neural signals using wavelet transform coherence (WTC) seems to ignore the directionality of the interaction. The field is currently lacking a framework that allows researchers to determine whether a high coherence value obtained using a WTC function reflects in-phase synchronization (i.e., neural activation is seen in both members of the dyad at the same time), lagged synchronization (i.e., neural activation is seen in one member of the dyad prior to the other member), or anti-phase synchronization (i.e., neural activation is increased in one member of the dyad and decreased in the other). To address this need, a complementary and more sensitive approach for analyzing the phase coherence of two neural signals is proposed in this work. The toolbox allows investigators to estimate the coupling directionality by classifying the phase angle values obtained using traditional WTC into in-phase synchronization, lagged synchronization, and anti-phase synchronization. The toolbox also allows researchers to assess how the dynamics of interactions develop and change throughout the task. Using this novel WTC approach and the toolbox will advance our understanding of complex social interactions through their uses in fNIRS hyperscanning studies.

Autore in primo piano: Sbloccare nuove intuizioni negli studi fNIRS - Un nuovo quadro per l'analisi della sincronia intercerebrale 

Wavelet transform coherence (WTC) is a common methodology for assessing the coupling between signals that is used in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning studies. A toolbox for assessing the directionality of the signal interaction is presented in this work.

Nuovo quadro per la comprensione della coerenza cross-brain negli studi di iperscansione della spettroscopia funzionale nel vicino infrarosso (fNIRS)

Despite the growing body of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning studies, the assessment of coupling between two neural signals ...

Methods Article

Utilizzando MazeSuite e funzionale Near Infrared Spectroscopy per studiare l'apprendimento in navigazione spaziale