Questo lavoro è stato sostenuto dalla Fondazione di Ricerca Nazionale di Corea (2013R1A1A1061387) e fondo di ricerca KU-KIST.

1. Preparazione del precursore <ol><li> Preparazione di ossido di grafene (GO): <ol><li> Preparazione GO utilizzando modificato il metodo di Hummer 14 <ol><li> Aggiungere 3,0 g di scaglie di grafite ad una miscela di H 2 SO 4 concentrato / H 3 PO 4 (360: 40 ml) a temperatura ambiente. (Nota: Particolare cura deve essere presa durante l&#39;utilizzo di acidi forti H 2 SO 4 e H 3 PO 4). </li><li> Aggiungere KMnO 4 (18,0 g) lentamente sotto agitazione e raffreddamento in un bagno di ghiaccio per mantenere la temperatura della miscela di reazione a &lt;35 ° C. (La soluzione diventerà appiccicoso con aumento del tempo di reazione, è necessario utilizzare il metodo corretto per mantenere agitazione efficiente.) (Nota: Particolare cura deve essere presa, mentre l&#39;aggiunta KMnO 4 a causa della reazione esotermica.) </li><li> Agitare per 12 ore a 50 ° C e poi raffreddare a RT e versando miscela di reazione su ghiaccio (400 ml) contenente 30% H 2 O 2 (3 ml). </li><li> Filtrare la rmiscela eaction utilizzando un metallo standard USA testare setaccio (300 micron) per rimuovere la grafite non reagito e centrifugare la (velocità 4.722 xg per 2 ore) filtrato per rimuovere il surnatante. </li><li> Ripetere la fase di centrifugazione con 200 ml di acqua, 200 ml di HCl al 30%, 200 ml di etanolo e acqua distillata fino a pH di nuovo soluzione portata a 5,0-6,0. </li><li> Lyophilize le soluzioni finali per produrre una polvere GO soffice. </li><li> Al fine di rendere la soluzione GO nanometriche, sciogliere 20 mg di polvere GO in 40 ml di acqua tripla distillata (&gt; 18 MW), e poi esfoliare per sonicazione prolungato (35% di ampiezza, 500 W, 2 ore) finché l&#39;intero distribuzione dimensionale diventa di sotto di 150 nm, quindi centrifugare è due volte (velocità 10.625 xg, 15 min) per rimuovere precipitati (grandi fogli di carta non-espansa). </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> Preparazione di nanoparticelle plasmoniche <ol><li> Preparazione di AuNPs <ol><li> Citrato stabilizzato forma sferica oro nanoparticelle (aunPs, OD = 1.0) del 30 dimensione particelle nm è stato utilizzato per la riduzione r-GO. </li></ol></li><li> Preparazione di AuNRs 15 <ol><li> Preparare la soluzione di semi con l&#39;aggiunta di un 0,6 ml di soluzione ghiacciata appena preparato di NaBH 4 soluzione (0,01 M) in una soluzione acquosa miscela di composizione di 0,25 ml di HAuCl4 (0,01 M) e 9,75 ml di cetiltrimetilammonio bromuro (CTAB, 0,1 M ). </li><li> Mescolare la miscela risultante vigorosamente per 0,5 minuti e poi la tiene a 28 ° C per 3 ore. </li><li> Preparare la soluzione di crescita mescolando 475 ml di CTAB (0,1 M), 3 ml di AgNO 3 (0,01 M) e 20 ml di HAuCl4 (0,01 M). </li><li> Quindi aggiungere appena preparato 3,2 ml di acido ascorbico (0,01 M) alla miscela seguita dalla aggiunta di 0,8 ml di una soluzione acquosa di HCl (1,0 M). </li><li> Nella fase finale aggiungere 3,2 ml di soluzione seme alla soluzione di crescita a 28 ° C e sottoporre la miscela di reazione rapida inversione per pochi secondi. Infine, keep la miscela risultante indisturbati per almeno 6 ore. </li><li> Analizzare i AuNRs preparati con spettroscopia UV-Visibile per massimi di assorbimento (λ max) e l&#39;analisi TEM (in genere il rapporto λ max e l&#39;aspetto è risultato essere 730 nm e 3,5, rispettivamente). </li></ol></li><li> Preparazione di AuNSs 16 <ol><li> Preparare la soluzione acquosa magazzino di 4- (2-idrossietil) -1-acido piperazineethanesulfonic (HEPES) con una concentrazione di 100 mm, e regolare il pH a 7,4 a 25 ° C con l&#39;aggiunta di 1,0 M di NaOH soluzione. </li><li> Mescolare 20 ml di tampone fosfato (100 mM) con 30 ml di 2- [4- (2-idrossietil) -1-piperazinil] acido etansolfonico (100 mM). </li><li> Poi aggiungere 500 ml di triidrato oro (III) cloruro (20 mM) alla miscela di cui sopra e mantenerlo a 28,5 ° C per 30 minuti in bagno d&#39;acqua. Cambiamenti di colore soluzione dal giallo chiaro al blu verdastro dopo 30 minuti potrebbero essere osservate. </li><li> Centrifugare la soluzione a velocità 8.928 xg per 30 min e disperdereprecipitati in acqua distillata. </li><li> Infine, analizzare il AuNSs preparato con spettroscopia UV-Visibile per massimi di assorbimento (λ max) e analisi TEM per le dimensioni delle particelle di conferma che si trova ad essere 740 nm e 30 nm, rispettivamente. </li></ol></li></ol></li></ol> 2. Preparazione di r-GO Utilizzo di Luce e AuNPs visibile <ol><li> Aggiungere 1 ml di nanoparticelle plasmoniche (Abs 1.0 a 520 nm per AuNPs, Abs 1.0 a 750 nm per AuNRs, e Abs 1.0 a 730 nm per AuNSs, rispettivamente) e 100 ml di idrossido di ammonio (28%, w / v%) a 10 ml di soluzione GO (OD a 230 nm 1,0, 0,125 mg ml -1) posto in un reattore in vetro Pyrex munito di camicia a circolazione di acqua. </li><li> Irradiare la miscela con lampada Xe (densità di potenza di 1,56 W cm -2) per 30 min a circolazione d&#39;acqua tramite il rivestimento a ricircolo per mantenere la temperatura a 25 ° C e centrifugare la soluzione a velocità 10.625 xg per 15 min arimuovere le nanoparticelle d&#39;oro. </li><li> Prendere il surnatante contenente la r-GO per analizzare con spettrofotometro UV-Visibile (r-GO dovrebbe mostrare la banda di assorbimento caratteristico a 270 nm) nell&#39;intervallo di 200-900 nm preparati. </li></ol> 3. Obiettivo di rilevazione del DNA con R-GO Solution 17 <ol><li> Per quenching di fluorescenza, aggiungere 20 ml di 10 -6 ssDNA M Cy3-modificato (5&#39;-ATC CTT ATC AAT ATT TAA CAA TAA TCC CTC-Cy3-3 &#39;) nella soluzione GO o r-GO contenente 25 ml di GO (0,125 mg ml -1) o r-GO (0,125 mg ml -1) a 1.955 ml di 0,3 M soluzione di PBS (tampone fosfato 10 mM, 0,3 M NaCl) e incubare per 10 minuti a temperatura ambiente. </li><li> Misurare l&#39;intensità di fluorescenza di questi campioni con spettrofluorimetro (λ = 529 nm ex). </li><li> Per il rilevamento di destinazione, aggiungere 200 ml di soluzione di destinazione oligonucleotidi (5&#39;-GAG GGA TTA TTG TTA AAT ATT GAT AAG GAT- 3 &#39;) in tre diverse concentrazioni (10 -6 &lt;/ sup&gt; M, 10 -7 M, 10 -8 M) nella soluzione GO o r-GO contenente 20 ml di 10 -6 M ssDNA-Cy3, 25 ml di GO o r-GO (0,125 mg ml -1) , e 1.755 ml di 0,3 M PBS per esperimento recupero di fluorescenza. 17 Note: Sorgenti luminose e reattore La luce visibile (400-780 nm) fonte. La luce visibile irradia attraverso reattore di vetro Pyrex (diametro finestra = 1,1 cm) contenenti soluzione GO con lampada Xe (1.56 W / cm 2 di potenza). L&#39;energia fotonica applicata al reattore è calcolato essere 4,8 × 10 21 fotoni al minuto (Figura 2A-2C). Vicino infrarosso (NIR) laser. NIR laser (diametro = 13.2 cm finestra) con densità di potenza di 0,36 W / cm 2, e lunghezza d&#39;onda di funzionamento di 808 nm è stato utilizzato come sorgente di luce a infrarossi per reazioni di riduzione GO (figura 2e). L&#39;energia del fotone è calcolata per essere 2,43 × 10 21 fotoni al min. REACtor: reattore in vetro Pyrex (diametro finestra = 1,1 cm, volume di reazione = 10 ml) munito di camicia a ricircolo d&#39;acqua viene utilizzato sia per la luce visibile e NIR luce irradiata reazioni di riduzione GO (Figura 2F). </li></ol>

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Visibile irradiazione luce su GO soluzione per 30 minuti con nanoparticelle d&#39;oro (AuNPs, AuNSs e AuNRs) ha mostrato i cambiamenti di colore rapidi dalla luce giallo-marrone di colore nero (Figura 1). Per ottenere altamente puro prodotto r-GO con alta resa, ci sono due fattori importanti devono seguire. Uno è l&#39;uso di AuNPs come un efficiente catalizzatore plasmonica, poiché AuNPs possono assorbire fortemente la luce visibile tra le altre strutture (cioè AuNRs, AuNSs). Un altro è l&...

<html> Il metodo 1 e vapori chimici basato il primo scotch sviluppato deposizione 2 erano ottimi metodi per produrre lo stato incontaminata di un grafene, ma la grande sintesi del grafene scala o grafene formazione strato sulla superficie con ampia area potuto essere considerato come una limitazione chiave di metodi precedenti. 3 Una delle possibili soluzioni per larga scala di sintesi r-GO sarà metodo sintetico wet-chimica che richiede dapprima le reazioni con forti ossidanti, vasta trattamenti fisici come la sonicazione per produrre GO foglio, e infine la riduzione di funzionalità ossigeno tali come idrossi, epossido e gruppi carbonilici in GO è essenziale al fine di recuperare le sue originali caratteristiche fisiche. 4 Principalmente, la riduzione di GO è stata effettuata con qualsiasi metodo chimico utilizzando idrazina o suoi derivati ​​5 o metodo di trattamento termico (550-1,100 ° C) in atmosfera inerte o riducente. 6 jove_content &quot;&gt; Questi processi richiedono le sostanze chimiche tossiche, i tempi di reazione lunghi e ad alta temperatura che ha aumentato la domanda totale di energia per la sintesi r-GO. 7 Mentre i processi di riduzione foto-irradiando, come, di processo 8 foto-termico indotto dai raggi UV utilizzando una xeno pulsata flash, 9 pulsata laser assistita 10 e foto-termico di riscaldamento con la macchina fotografica in flash luci 11 sono stati segnalati anche per la preparazione di r-GO. In generale, la scarsa efficienza di conversione dei metodi foto-indotta propagata per l&#39;utilizzo di UV o pulsata irraggiamento laser in grado di fornire ad alta energia dei fotoni. L&#39;energia a basso fotone di luce visibile ne limita l&#39;uso e non ha attirato molto per la sintesi r-GO. Eccellenti proprietà di assorbimento della luce di nanoparticelle plasmoniche nelle regioni visibili e / o NIR può migliorare notevolmente gli inconvenienti attuali dell&#39;uso della luce visibile per sintesi r-GO. 12,13 blande condizioni di reazione, tempo di reazione breve e di uso limitato ch tossiciemicals potrebbero fare la luce visibile plasmon indotta assistito riduzione fotocatalitica di GO come un metodo alternativo utile. Nel presente metodo, si descrive il metodo sintetico r-GO efficiente e semplice utilizzando nanoparticelle plasmoniche e la luce visibile. L&#39;andamento della reazione è risultata essere fortemente dipendente dalle strutture di nanoparticelle plasmoniche come nanoparticelle sferiche di oro (AuNPs), nanorods oro (AuNRs) e nanostars oro (AuNSs). L&#39;uso di AuNPs mostrato riduzione più efficiente di GO e nanoparticelle sono facilmente smontabili e riciclabili per l&#39;uso ripetuto (Figura 1). La r-GO sintetizzato utilizzando la luce visibile e AuNPs ha mostrato quasi pari qualità rispetto alla r-GO preparati dal noto metodo chimico (idrazina) come dimostrato mediante l&#39;uso di varie misure analitiche e il metodo di rilevamento del DNA basato sulla fluorescenza estinzione / recupero.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Cy3 modifeid ssDNA</td><td>IDT(Iowa, USA)</td><td></td><td>HPLC purified by IDT</td></tr><tr><td>Gold nanoparticles (30&amp;#160;nm)</td><td>Ted Pella, Inc(Redding, CA, USA).</td><td>15706-20</td><td>colloidal solution</td></tr><tr><td>4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethane sulfonic acid (HEPES) (99.5%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>7365-45-9</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gold(III) Chloride Hydrate (99.999%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>&amp;nbsp;27988-77-8</td><td>strongly hygroscopic</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Borohydride (99.99%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>16940-66-2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (&amp;ge;99%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>57-09-0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>L-Ascorbic Acid(&amp;ge;99.0%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>50-81-7</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Chloride (99.5%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>7647-14-5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Silver Nitrate&amp;nbsp; (&amp;ge;99.0%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>7761-88-8</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Graphite</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>7782-42-5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sulfuric acid</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>7664-93-9</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phophoric acid</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>7664-38-2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium permanganate</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>7722-64-7</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hydrogen peroxide</td><td>JUNSEI</td><td>23150-0350</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ammonium hydroxide</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>1336-21-6</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Xe-lamp</td><td>&amp;nbsp;Cermax, Waltham, USA</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NIR Laser</td><td>Class-IV, Sanctity Laser, Shanghai, China&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td>6W (output power)</td></tr><tr><td>UV-Vis spectrophotometer&amp;nbsp;</td><td>S-3100, SINCO, South Korea</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Transmission Electron Microscopy</td><td>H-7650, Hitachi, Japan</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spectro Fluorometer</td><td>Jasco FP-6500, Tokyo, Japan</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer</td><td>AXIS&amp;ndash;NOVA, KRATOS Inc., UK</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

visible-light induced reduction of graphene oxide using plasmonic nanoparticle

Attuale lavoro dimostra la, chimico libero, veloce e semplice metodo ad alta efficienza energetica per la produzione di ossido di grafene ridotta (r-GO) soluzione a temperatura ambiente usando irradiazione di luce visibile con nanoparticelle plasmoniche. Il nanoparticelle plasmonica è utilizzato per migliorare l&#39;efficienza di riduzione di GO. Ci vogliono solo 30 minuti a temperatura ambiente illuminando le soluzioni con Xe-lampada, le soluzioni r-GO possono essere ottenuti rimuovendo completamente le nanoparticelle d&#39;oro con una semplice fase di centrifugazione. Le nanoparticelle d&#39;oro sferiche (AuNPs) rispetto alle altre nanostrutture plasmoniche è la nanostruttura più adatto per la preparazione r-GO. L&#39;ossido di grafene ridotto preparato utilizzando la luce visibile e AuNPs era altrettanto qualitativa ridotto chimicamente ossido di grafene, che è stato sostenuto da varie tecniche analitiche come la spettroscopia UV-Vis, spettroscopia Raman, XRD in polvere e XPS. L&#39;ossido di grafene ridotta preparato con la luce visibile mostra eccellenti proprietà di spegnimento sulla Fluormolecole escent modificati su ssDNA ed eccellente recupero di fluorescenza per il rilevamento del DNA bersaglio. Si trova il r-GO preparato da AuNPs riciclati per essere di stessa qualità con quella di una ridotta chimicamente r-GO. L&#39;uso della luce visibile con nanoparticelle plasmonica dimostra il buon metodo alternativo per la sintesi r-GO.

Figura 1 mostra lo schema generale per la luce visibile e la reazione plasmonica nanoparticelle basato r-GO riduzione. La Figura 2 mostra la configurazione strumentale per le reazioni. Dopo la reazione, è richiesta la fase di centrifugazione per rimuovere il fotocatalizzatore usato (AuNSs, AuNRs o AuNPs) come mostrato nella Figura 3A. L&#39;analisi HRTEM mostra la rimozione completa delle nanoparticelle nel supernatante (r-GO) (figura 3B),</str...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle at JoVE.com

Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Un protocollo semplice per la preparazione di ossido di grafene ridotta utilizzando luce visibile e nanoparticelle plasmonica è descritto.

Luce visibile riduzione indotta di grafene ossido Usando nanoparticelle plasmoniche

Present work demonstrates the simple, chemical free, fast, and energy efficient method to produce reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) solution at RT using ...

visible-light-induced-reduction-graphene-oxide-using-plasmonic

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

14.4K Views.  Korea University.  Un protocollo semplice per la preparazione di ossido di grafene ridotta utilizzando luce visibile e nanoparticelle plasmonica è descritto. 

Video: Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Template Directed Synthesis of Plasmonic Gold Nanotubes with Tunable IR Absorbance

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes have been under development since the 1990's and have become a common method to template the synthesis of high aspect ratio nanostructures, mostly by electrochemical growth or pore-wetting. Recently, these membranes have become commercially available in a wide range of pore sizes and densities, leading to an extensive library of functional nanostructures being synthesized from AAO membranes. These include composite nanorods, nanowires and nanotubes made of metals, inorganic materials or polymers 3-10. Nanoporous membranes have been used to synthesize nanoparticle and nanotube arrays that perform well as refractive index sensors, plasmonic biosensors, or surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates 11-16, as well as a wide range of other fields such as photo-thermal heating 17, permselective transport 18, 19, catalysis 20, microfluidics 21, and electrochemical sensing 22, 23. Here, we report a novel procedure to prepare gold nanotubes in AAO membranes. Hollow nanostructures have potential application in plasmonic and SERS sensing, and we anticipate these gold nanotubes will allow for high sensitivity and strong plasmon signals, arising from decreased material dampening 15.

Solution-suspendable gold nanotubes with controlled dimensions can be synthesized by electrochemical deposition in porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes using a hydrophobic polymer core. Gold nanotubes and nanotube arrays hold promise for applications in plasmonic biosensing, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, photo-thermal heating, ionic and molecular transport, microfluidics, catalysis and electrochemical sensing.

Modello Regia Sintesi di nanotubi d&#39;oro plasmoniche con Tunable Assorbanza IR

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) ...

Ricerca

Chimica

Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information support1,2,3. In this context, metal nanowires are especially desirable for realizing dense routing networks4. A prerequisite to operate such shared nanowire-based platform relies on our ability to electrically contact individual metal nanowires and efficiently excite surface plasmon polaritons5 in this information support. In this article, we describe a protocol to bring electrical terminals to chemically-synthesized silver nanowires6 randomly distributed on a glass substrate7. The positions of the nanowire ends with respect to predefined landmarks are precisely located using standard optical transmission microscopy before encapsulation in an electron-sensitive resist. Trenches representing the electrode layout are subsequently designed by electron-beam lithography. Metal electrodes are then fabricated by thermally evaporating a Cr/Au layer followed by a chemical lift-off. The contacted silver nanowires are finally transferred to a leakage radiation microscope for surface plasmon excitation and characterization8,9. Surface plasmons are launched in the nanowires by focusing a near infrared laser beam on a diffraction-limited spot overlapping one nanowire extremity5,9. For sufficiently large nanowires, the surface plasmon mode leaks into the glass substrate9,10. This leakage radiation is readily detected, imaged, and analyzed in the different conjugate planes in leakage radiation microscopy9,11. The electrical terminals do not affect the plasmon propagation. However, a current-induced morphological deterioration of the nanowire drastically degrades the flow of surface plasmons. The combination of surface plasmon leakage radiation microscopy with a simultaneous analysis of the nanowire electrical transport characteristics reveals the intrinsic limitations of such plasmonic circuitry.

Silver nanowires can simultaneously transport electrons and optical information in the form of surface plasmons. A procedure is described here to realize such a shared circuitry and the limitations at propagating both information carriers are evaluated.

Valutare plasmoniche Trasporti in Current-carrying Argento Nanowires

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information ...

Ingegneria

Utilization of Plasmonic and Photonic Crystal Nanostructures for Enhanced Micro- and Nanoparticle Manipulation

A method to manipulate the position and orientation of submicron particles nondestructively would be an incredibly useful tool for basic biological research. Perhaps the most widely used physical force to achieve noninvasive manipulation of small particles has been dielectrophoresis(DEP).1 However, DEP on its own lacks the versatility and precision that are desired when manipulating cells since it is traditionally done with stationary electrodes. Optical tweezers, which utilize a three dimensional electromagnetic field gradient to exert forces on small particles, achieve this desired versatility and precision.2 However, a major drawback of this approach is the high radiation intensity required to achieve the necessary force to trap a particle which can damage biological samples.3 A solution that allows trapping and sorting with lower optical intensities are optoelectronic tweezers (OET) but OET's have limitations with fine manipulation of small particles; being DEP-based technology also puts constraint on the property of the solution.4,5
This video article will describe two methods that decrease the intensity of the radiation needed for optical manipulation of living cells and also describe a method for orientation control. The first method is plasmonic tweezers which use a random gold nanoparticle (AuNP) array as a substrate for the sample as shown in Figure 1. The AuNP array converts the incident photons into localized surface plasmons (LSP) which consist of resonant dipole moments that radiate and generate a patterned radiation field with a large gradient in the cell solution. Initial work on surface plasmon enhanced trapping by Righini et al and our own modeling have shown the fields generated by the plasmonic substrate reduce the initial intensity required by enhancing the gradient field that traps the particle.6,7,8 The plasmonic approach allows for fine orientation control of ellipsoidal particles and cells with low optical intensities because of more efficient optical energy conversion into mechanical energy and a dipole-dependent radiation field. These fields are shown in figure 2 and the low trapping intensities are detailed in figures 4 and 5. The main problems with plasmonic tweezers are that the LSP's generate a considerable amount of heat and the trapping is only two dimensional. This heat generates convective flows and thermophoresis which can be powerful enough to expel submicron particles from the trap.9,10 The second approach that we will describe is utilizing periodic dielectric nanostructures to scatter incident light very efficiently into diffraction modes, as shown in figure 6.11 Ideally, one would make this structure out of a dielectric material to avoid the same heating problems experienced with the plasmonic tweezers but in our approach an aluminum-coated diffraction grating is used as a one-dimensional periodic dielectric nanostructure. Although it is not a semiconductor, it did not experience significant heating and effectively trapped small particles with low trapping intensities, as shown in figure 7. Alignment of particles with the grating substrate conceptually validates the proposition that a 2-D photonic crystal could allow precise rotation of non-spherical micron sized particles.10 The efficiencies of these optical traps are increased due to the enhanced fields produced by the nanostructures described in this paper.

Plasmonic tweezers and photonic crystal nanostructures are shown to produce useful enhancements in the efficiency and orientation control of optically trapping micro- and nano-particles.

L&#39;utilizzo di nanostrutture di cristallo plasmoniche e fotonici per Enhanced manipolazione micro e nanoparticelle

A method to manipulate the position and orientation of submicron particles nondestructively would be an incredibly useful tool for basic biological ...

Bioingegneria

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating

One of the most widely used methods for manufacturing colloidal gold nanospherical particles involves the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) to neutral gold Au(0) by reducing agents, such as sodium citrate or sodium borohydride. The extension of this method to decorate iron oxide or similar nanoparticles with gold nanoparticles to create multifunctional hybrid Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles is straightforward. This approach yields fairly good control over Au nanoparticle dimensions and loading onto Fe2O3. Additionally, the Au metal size, shape, and loading can easily be tuned by changing experimental parameters (e.g., reactant concentrations, reducing agents, surfactants, etc.). An advantage of this procedure is that the reaction can be done in air or water, and, in principle, is amenable to scaling up. The use of such optically tunable Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles for hyperthermia studies is an attractive option as it capitalizes on plasmonic heating of gold nanoparticles tuned to absorb light strongly in the VIS-NIR region. In addition to its plasmonic effects, nanoscale Au provides a unique surface for interesting chemistries and catalysis. The Fe2O3 material provides additional functionality due to its magnetic property. For example, an external magnetic field could be used to collect and recycle the hybrid Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles after a catalytic experiment, or alternatively, the magnetic Fe2O3 can be used for hyperthermia studies through magnetic heat induction. The photothermal experiment described in this report measures bulk temperature change and nanoparticle solution mass loss as functions of time using infrared thermocouples and a balance, respectively. The ease of sample preparation and the use of readily available equipment are distinct advantages of this technique. A caveat is that these photothermal measurements assess the bulk solution temperature and not the surface of the nanoparticle where the heat is transduced and the temperature is likely to be higher.

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating

We describe the synthesis and properties of multifunctional Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles produced by a wet chemical approach and investigate their photothermal properties using laser irradiation. The composite Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles retain the properties of both materials, creating a multifunctional structure with excellent magnetic and plasmonic properties.

Multifunzionale ibrida Fe<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; O<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt; -Au Nanoparticelle per un efficiente riscaldamento plasmoniche

One of the most widely used methods for manufacturing colloidal gold nanospherical particles involves the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) to ...

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

Combinations of metal oxide semiconductors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as new types of materials. The in situ synthesis of AuNPs within the interlayer space of semiconducting layered titania nanosheet (TNS) films was investigated here. Two types of intermediate films (i.e., TNS films containing methyl viologen (TNS/MV2+) and 2-ammoniumethanethiol (TNS/2-AET+)) were prepared. The two intermediate films were soaked in an aqueous tetrachloroauric(III) acid (HAuCl4) solution, whereby considerable amounts of Au(III) species were accommodated within the interlayer spaces of the TNS films. The two types of obtained films were then soaked in an aqueous sodium tetrahydroborate (NaBH4) solution, whereupon the color of the films immediately changed from colorless to purple, suggesting the formation of AuNPs within the TNS interlayer. When only TNS/MV2+ was used as the intermediate film, the color of the film gradually changed from metallic purple to dusty purple within 30 min, suggesting that aggregation of AuNPs had occurred. In contrast, this color change was suppressed by using the TNS/2-AET+ intermediate film, and the AuNPs were stabilized for over 4 months, as evidenced by the characteristic extinction (absorption and scattering) band from the AuNPs.

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

Here, we present a protocol for the in situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) within the interlayer space of layered titanate films without the aggregation of AuNPs. No spectral change was observed even after 4 months. The synthesized material has expected applications in catalysis, photo-catalysis, and the development of cost-effective plasmonic devices.

In Situ Sintesi di oro nanoparticelle senza aggregazione nel Interfalda spazio di Layered titanato pellicole trasparenti

Combinations of metal oxide semiconductors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as new types of materials. The in situ synthesis of AuNPs ...

Fabrication of Periodic Gold Nanocup Arrays Using Colloidal Lithography

Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing in combination with new nanofabrication techniques. A plasmon is a quantum of charge density oscillation that lends nanoscale metals such as gold and silver unique optical properties. In particular, gold and silver nanoparticles exhibit localized surface plasmon resonances-collective charge density oscillations on the surface of the nanoparticle-in the visible spectrum. Here, we focus on the fabrication of periodic arrays of anisotropic plasmonic nanostructures. These half-shell (or nanocup) structures can exhibit additional unique light-bending and polarization-dependent optical properties that simple isotropic nanostructures cannot. Researchers are interested in the fabrication of periodic arrays of nanocups for a wide variety of applications such as low-cost optical devices, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and tamper indication. We present a scalable technique based on colloidal lithography in which it is possible to easily fabricate large periodic arrays of nanocups using spin-coating and self-assembled commercially available polymeric nanospheres. Electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy from the visible to near-infrared (near-IR) was performed to confirm successful nanocup fabrication. We conclude with a demonstration of the transfer of nanocups to a flexible, conformal adhesive film.

We demonstrate the fabrication of periodic gold nanocup arrays using colloidal lithographic techniques and discuss the importance of nanoplasmonic films.

Fabbricazione di matrici Nanocup oro periodica mediante Litografia colloidale

Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing ...

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons

We have developed a unique method to measure the excitation and coupling rates between the light emitters and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) arising from metallic periodic arrays without involving time-resolved techniques. We have formulated the rates by quantities that can be measured by simple optical measurements. The instrumentation based on angle- and polarization-resolved reflectivity and photoluminescence spectroscopy will be described in detail here. Our approach is intriguing due to its simplicity, which requires routine optics and several mechanical stages, and thus is highly affordable to most of the research laboratories.

This protocol describes the instrumentation for determining the excitation and coupling rates between light emitters and Bloch-like surface plasmon polaritons arising from periodic arrays.

Determinazione di eccitazione e tariffe tra emettitori di luce e polaritoni plasmonica di superficie di accoppiamento

We have developed a unique method to measure the excitation and coupling rates between the light emitters and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) arising ...

Performing Spectroscopy on Plasmonic Nanoparticles with Transmission-Based Nomarski-Type Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy is a powerful imaging tool that is most commonly employed for imaging microscale objects using visible-range light. The purpose of this protocol is to detail a proven method for preparing plasmonic nanoparticle samples and performing single particle spectroscopy on them with DIC microscopy. Several important steps must be followed carefully in order to perform repeatable spectroscopy experiments. First, landmarks can be etched into the sample substrate, which aids in locating the sample surface and in tracking the region of interest during experiments. Next, the substrate must be properly cleaned of debris and contaminants that can otherwise hinder or obscure examination of the sample. Once a sample is properly prepared, the optical path of the microscope must be aligned, using Kohler Illumination. With a standard Nomarski style DIC microscope, rotation of the sample may be necessary, particularly when the plasmonic nanoparticles exhibit orientation-dependent optical properties. Because DIC microscopy has two inherent orthogonal polarization fields, the wavelength-dependent DIC contrast pattern reveals the orientation of rod-shaped plasmonic nanoparticles. Finally, data acquisition and data analyses must be carefully performed. It is common to represent DIC-based spectroscopy data as a contrast value, but it is also possible to present it as intensity data. In this demonstration of DIC for single particle spectroscopy, the focus is on spherical and rod-shaped gold nanoparticles.

The goal of this protocol is to detail a proven approach for the preparation of plasmonic nanoparticle samples and for performing single particle spectroscopy on them with differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy.

Eseguire la spettroscopia su nanoparticelle plasmoniche con microscopia a contrasto di tipo Nomarski basata su trasmissione

Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy is a powerful imaging tool that is most commonly employed for imaging microscale objects using ...

Photodeposition of Pd onto Colloidal Au Nanorods by Surface Plasmon Excitation

A protocol is described to photocatalytically guide Pd deposition onto Au nanorods (AuNR) using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Excited plasmonic hot electrons upon SPR irradiation drive reductive deposition of Pd on colloidal AuNR in the presence of [PdCl4]2-. Plasmon-driven reduction of secondary metals potentiates covalent, sub-wavelength deposition at targeted locations coinciding with electric field &#8220;hot-spots&#8221; of the plasmonic substrate using an external field (e.g., laser). The process described herein details a solution-phase deposition of a catalytically-active noble metal (Pd) from a transition metal halide salt (H2PdCl4) onto aqueously-suspended, anisotropic plasmonic structures (AuNR). The solution-phase process is amenable to making other bimetallic architectures. Transmission UV-vis monitoring of the photochemical reaction, coupled with ex situ XPS and statistical TEM analysis, provide immediate experimental feedback to evaluate properties of the bimetallic structures as they evolve during the photocatalytic reaction. Resonant plasmon irradiation of AuNR in the presence of [PdCl4]2- creates a thin, covalently-bound Pd0 shell without any significant dampening effect on its plasmonic behavior in this representative experiment/batch. Overall, plasmonic photodeposition offers an alternative route for high-volume, economical synthesis of optoelectronic materials with sub-5 nm features (e.g., heterometallic photocatalysts or optoelectronic interconnects).

A protocol for anisotropic photodeposition of Pd onto aqueously-suspended Au nanorods via localized surface plasmon excitation is presented.

Fotodeposizione di Pd su Colloidal Au Nanorods di Surface Plasmon Excitation

A protocol is described to photocatalytically guide Pd deposition onto Au nanorods (AuNR) using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Excited plasmonic hot ...

Graphene-Assisted Quasi-van der Waals Epitaxy of AlN Film on Nano-Patterned Sapphire Substrate for Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes

This protocol demonstrates a method for graphene-assisted quick growth and coalescence of AlN on nano-pattened sapphire substrate (NPSS). Graphene layers are directly grown on NPSS using catalyst-free atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD). By applying nitrogen reactive ion etching (RIE) plasma treatment, defects are introduced into the graphene film to enhance chemical reactivity. During metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth of AlN, this N-plasma treated graphene buffer enables AlN quick growth, and coalescence on NPSS is confirmed by cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The high quality of AlN on graphene-NPSS is then evaluated by X-ray rocking curves (XRCs) with narrow (0002) and (10-12) full width at half-maximum (FWHM) as 267.2 arcsec and 503.4 arcsec, respectively. Compared to bare NPSS, AlN growth on graphene-NPSS shows significant reduction of residual stress from 0.87 GPa to 0.25 Gpa, based on Raman measurements. Followed by AlGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWS) growth on graphene-NPSS, AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting-diodes (DUV LEDs) are fabricated. The fabricated DUV-LEDs also demonstrate obvious, enhanced luminescence performance. This work provides a new solution for the growth of high quality AlN and fabrication of high performance DUV-LEDs using a shorter process and less costs.

A protocol for graphene-assisted growth of high-quality AlN films on nano-patterned sapphire substrate is presented.

Epitassia quasi-van der Waals di AlN, assistita dal grafene sul substrato di zaffiro nano-modello per diodi ultravioletti che emettono luce

This protocol demonstrates a method for graphene-assisted quick growth and coalescence of AlN on nano-pattened sapphire substrate (NPSS). Graphene layers ...

Luce visibile riduzione indotta di grafene ossido Usando nanoparticelle plasmoniche

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Modello Regia Sintesi di nanotubi d'oro plasmoniche con Tunable Assorbanza IR