Questo lavoro è stato sostenuto dalla Fondazione di Ricerca Nazionale di Corea (2013R1A1A1061387) e fondo di ricerca KU-KIST.

1. Preparazione del precursore <ol><li> Preparazione di ossido di grafene (GO): <ol><li> Preparazione GO utilizzando modificato il metodo di Hummer 14 <ol><li> Aggiungere 3,0 g di scaglie di grafite ad una miscela di H 2 SO 4 concentrato / H 3 PO 4 (360: 40 ml) a temperatura ambiente. (Nota: Particolare cura deve essere presa durante l&#39;utilizzo di acidi forti H 2 SO 4 e H 3 PO 4). </li><li> Aggiungere KMnO 4 (18,0 g) lentamente sotto agitazione e raffreddamento in un bagno di ghiaccio per mantenere la temperatura della miscela di reazione a &lt;35 ° C. (La soluzione diventerà appiccicoso con aumento del tempo di reazione, è necessario utilizzare il metodo corretto per mantenere agitazione efficiente.) (Nota: Particolare cura deve essere presa, mentre l&#39;aggiunta KMnO 4 a causa della reazione esotermica.) </li><li> Agitare per 12 ore a 50 ° C e poi raffreddare a RT e versando miscela di reazione su ghiaccio (400 ml) contenente 30% H 2 O 2 (3 ml). </li><li> Filtrare la rmiscela eaction utilizzando un metallo standard USA testare setaccio (300 micron) per rimuovere la grafite non reagito e centrifugare la (velocità 4.722 xg per 2 ore) filtrato per rimuovere il surnatante. </li><li> Ripetere la fase di centrifugazione con 200 ml di acqua, 200 ml di HCl al 30%, 200 ml di etanolo e acqua distillata fino a pH di nuovo soluzione portata a 5,0-6,0. </li><li> Lyophilize le soluzioni finali per produrre una polvere GO soffice. </li><li> Al fine di rendere la soluzione GO nanometriche, sciogliere 20 mg di polvere GO in 40 ml di acqua tripla distillata (&gt; 18 MW), e poi esfoliare per sonicazione prolungato (35% di ampiezza, 500 W, 2 ore) finché l&#39;intero distribuzione dimensionale diventa di sotto di 150 nm, quindi centrifugare è due volte (velocità 10.625 xg, 15 min) per rimuovere precipitati (grandi fogli di carta non-espansa). </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> Preparazione di nanoparticelle plasmoniche <ol><li> Preparazione di AuNPs <ol><li> Citrato stabilizzato forma sferica oro nanoparticelle (aunPs, OD = 1.0) del 30 dimensione particelle nm è stato utilizzato per la riduzione r-GO. </li></ol></li><li> Preparazione di AuNRs 15 <ol><li> Preparare la soluzione di semi con l&#39;aggiunta di un 0,6 ml di soluzione ghiacciata appena preparato di NaBH 4 soluzione (0,01 M) in una soluzione acquosa miscela di composizione di 0,25 ml di HAuCl4 (0,01 M) e 9,75 ml di cetiltrimetilammonio bromuro (CTAB, 0,1 M ). </li><li> Mescolare la miscela risultante vigorosamente per 0,5 minuti e poi la tiene a 28 ° C per 3 ore. </li><li> Preparare la soluzione di crescita mescolando 475 ml di CTAB (0,1 M), 3 ml di AgNO 3 (0,01 M) e 20 ml di HAuCl4 (0,01 M). </li><li> Quindi aggiungere appena preparato 3,2 ml di acido ascorbico (0,01 M) alla miscela seguita dalla aggiunta di 0,8 ml di una soluzione acquosa di HCl (1,0 M). </li><li> Nella fase finale aggiungere 3,2 ml di soluzione seme alla soluzione di crescita a 28 ° C e sottoporre la miscela di reazione rapida inversione per pochi secondi. Infine, keep la miscela risultante indisturbati per almeno 6 ore. </li><li> Analizzare i AuNRs preparati con spettroscopia UV-Visibile per massimi di assorbimento (λ max) e l&#39;analisi TEM (in genere il rapporto λ max e l&#39;aspetto è risultato essere 730 nm e 3,5, rispettivamente). </li></ol></li><li> Preparazione di AuNSs 16 <ol><li> Preparare la soluzione acquosa magazzino di 4- (2-idrossietil) -1-acido piperazineethanesulfonic (HEPES) con una concentrazione di 100 mm, e regolare il pH a 7,4 a 25 ° C con l&#39;aggiunta di 1,0 M di NaOH soluzione. </li><li> Mescolare 20 ml di tampone fosfato (100 mM) con 30 ml di 2- [4- (2-idrossietil) -1-piperazinil] acido etansolfonico (100 mM). </li><li> Poi aggiungere 500 ml di triidrato oro (III) cloruro (20 mM) alla miscela di cui sopra e mantenerlo a 28,5 ° C per 30 minuti in bagno d&#39;acqua. Cambiamenti di colore soluzione dal giallo chiaro al blu verdastro dopo 30 minuti potrebbero essere osservate. </li><li> Centrifugare la soluzione a velocità 8.928 xg per 30 min e disperdereprecipitati in acqua distillata. </li><li> Infine, analizzare il AuNSs preparato con spettroscopia UV-Visibile per massimi di assorbimento (λ max) e analisi TEM per le dimensioni delle particelle di conferma che si trova ad essere 740 nm e 30 nm, rispettivamente. </li></ol></li></ol></li></ol> 2. Preparazione di r-GO Utilizzo di Luce e AuNPs visibile <ol><li> Aggiungere 1 ml di nanoparticelle plasmoniche (Abs 1.0 a 520 nm per AuNPs, Abs 1.0 a 750 nm per AuNRs, e Abs 1.0 a 730 nm per AuNSs, rispettivamente) e 100 ml di idrossido di ammonio (28%, w / v%) a 10 ml di soluzione GO (OD a 230 nm 1,0, 0,125 mg ml -1) posto in un reattore in vetro Pyrex munito di camicia a circolazione di acqua. </li><li> Irradiare la miscela con lampada Xe (densità di potenza di 1,56 W cm -2) per 30 min a circolazione d&#39;acqua tramite il rivestimento a ricircolo per mantenere la temperatura a 25 ° C e centrifugare la soluzione a velocità 10.625 xg per 15 min arimuovere le nanoparticelle d&#39;oro. </li><li> Prendere il surnatante contenente la r-GO per analizzare con spettrofotometro UV-Visibile (r-GO dovrebbe mostrare la banda di assorbimento caratteristico a 270 nm) nell&#39;intervallo di 200-900 nm preparati. </li></ol> 3. Obiettivo di rilevazione del DNA con R-GO Solution 17 <ol><li> Per quenching di fluorescenza, aggiungere 20 ml di 10 -6 ssDNA M Cy3-modificato (5&#39;-ATC CTT ATC AAT ATT TAA CAA TAA TCC CTC-Cy3-3 &#39;) nella soluzione GO o r-GO contenente 25 ml di GO (0,125 mg ml -1) o r-GO (0,125 mg ml -1) a 1.955 ml di 0,3 M soluzione di PBS (tampone fosfato 10 mM, 0,3 M NaCl) e incubare per 10 minuti a temperatura ambiente. </li><li> Misurare l&#39;intensità di fluorescenza di questi campioni con spettrofluorimetro (λ = 529 nm ex). </li><li> Per il rilevamento di destinazione, aggiungere 200 ml di soluzione di destinazione oligonucleotidi (5&#39;-GAG GGA TTA TTG TTA AAT ATT GAT AAG GAT- 3 &#39;) in tre diverse concentrazioni (10 -6 &lt;/ sup&gt; M, 10 -7 M, 10 -8 M) nella soluzione GO o r-GO contenente 20 ml di 10 -6 M ssDNA-Cy3, 25 ml di GO o r-GO (0,125 mg ml -1) , e 1.755 ml di 0,3 M PBS per esperimento recupero di fluorescenza. 17 Note: Sorgenti luminose e reattore La luce visibile (400-780 nm) fonte. La luce visibile irradia attraverso reattore di vetro Pyrex (diametro finestra = 1,1 cm) contenenti soluzione GO con lampada Xe (1.56 W / cm 2 di potenza). L&#39;energia fotonica applicata al reattore è calcolato essere 4,8 × 10 21 fotoni al minuto (Figura 2A-2C). Vicino infrarosso (NIR) laser. NIR laser (diametro = 13.2 cm finestra) con densità di potenza di 0,36 W / cm 2, e lunghezza d&#39;onda di funzionamento di 808 nm è stato utilizzato come sorgente di luce a infrarossi per reazioni di riduzione GO (figura 2e). L&#39;energia del fotone è calcolata per essere 2,43 × 10 21 fotoni al min. REACtor: reattore in vetro Pyrex (diametro finestra = 1,1 cm, volume di reazione = 10 ml) munito di camicia a ricircolo d&#39;acqua viene utilizzato sia per la luce visibile e NIR luce irradiata reazioni di riduzione GO (Figura 2F). </li></ol>

<ol>
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Visibile irradiazione luce su GO soluzione per 30 minuti con nanoparticelle d&#39;oro (AuNPs, AuNSs e AuNRs) ha mostrato i cambiamenti di colore rapidi dalla luce giallo-marrone di colore nero (Figura 1). Per ottenere altamente puro prodotto r-GO con alta resa, ci sono due fattori importanti devono seguire. Uno è l&#39;uso di AuNPs come un efficiente catalizzatore plasmonica, poiché AuNPs possono assorbire fortemente la luce visibile tra le altre strutture (cioè AuNRs, AuNSs). Un altro è l&...

<html> Il metodo 1 e vapori chimici basato il primo scotch sviluppato deposizione 2 erano ottimi metodi per produrre lo stato incontaminata di un grafene, ma la grande sintesi del grafene scala o grafene formazione strato sulla superficie con ampia area potuto essere considerato come una limitazione chiave di metodi precedenti. 3 Una delle possibili soluzioni per larga scala di sintesi r-GO sarà metodo sintetico wet-chimica che richiede dapprima le reazioni con forti ossidanti, vasta trattamenti fisici come la sonicazione per produrre GO foglio, e infine la riduzione di funzionalità ossigeno tali come idrossi, epossido e gruppi carbonilici in GO è essenziale al fine di recuperare le sue originali caratteristiche fisiche. 4 Principalmente, la riduzione di GO è stata effettuata con qualsiasi metodo chimico utilizzando idrazina o suoi derivati ​​5 o metodo di trattamento termico (550-1,100 ° C) in atmosfera inerte o riducente. 6 jove_content &quot;&gt; Questi processi richiedono le sostanze chimiche tossiche, i tempi di reazione lunghi e ad alta temperatura che ha aumentato la domanda totale di energia per la sintesi r-GO. 7 Mentre i processi di riduzione foto-irradiando, come, di processo 8 foto-termico indotto dai raggi UV utilizzando una xeno pulsata flash, 9 pulsata laser assistita 10 e foto-termico di riscaldamento con la macchina fotografica in flash luci 11 sono stati segnalati anche per la preparazione di r-GO. In generale, la scarsa efficienza di conversione dei metodi foto-indotta propagata per l&#39;utilizzo di UV o pulsata irraggiamento laser in grado di fornire ad alta energia dei fotoni. L&#39;energia a basso fotone di luce visibile ne limita l&#39;uso e non ha attirato molto per la sintesi r-GO. Eccellenti proprietà di assorbimento della luce di nanoparticelle plasmoniche nelle regioni visibili e / o NIR può migliorare notevolmente gli inconvenienti attuali dell&#39;uso della luce visibile per sintesi r-GO. 12,13 blande condizioni di reazione, tempo di reazione breve e di uso limitato ch tossiciemicals potrebbero fare la luce visibile plasmon indotta assistito riduzione fotocatalitica di GO come un metodo alternativo utile. Nel presente metodo, si descrive il metodo sintetico r-GO efficiente e semplice utilizzando nanoparticelle plasmoniche e la luce visibile. L&#39;andamento della reazione è risultata essere fortemente dipendente dalle strutture di nanoparticelle plasmoniche come nanoparticelle sferiche di oro (AuNPs), nanorods oro (AuNRs) e nanostars oro (AuNSs). L&#39;uso di AuNPs mostrato riduzione più efficiente di GO e nanoparticelle sono facilmente smontabili e riciclabili per l&#39;uso ripetuto (Figura 1). La r-GO sintetizzato utilizzando la luce visibile e AuNPs ha mostrato quasi pari qualità rispetto alla r-GO preparati dal noto metodo chimico (idrazina) come dimostrato mediante l&#39;uso di varie misure analitiche e il metodo di rilevamento del DNA basato sulla fluorescenza estinzione / recupero.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Cy3 modifeid ssDNA</td>
			<td>IDT(Iowa, USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>HPLC purified by IDT</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gold nanoparticles (30 nm)</td>
			<td>Ted Pella, Inc(Redding, CA, USA).</td>
			<td>15706-20</td>
			<td>colloidal solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethane sulfonic acid (HEPES) (99.5%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7365-45-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gold(III)Chloride Hydrate (99.999%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>&#160;27988-77-8</td>
			<td>strongly hygroscopic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Borohydride (99.99%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>16940-66-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (&#8805;99%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>57-09-0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Ascorbic Acid(&#8805;99.0%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>50-81-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Chloride (99.5%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7647-14-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silver Nitrate&#160; (&#8805;99.0%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7761-88-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Graphite</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7782-42-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sulfuric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7664-93-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phophoric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7664-38-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium permanganate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7722-64-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrogen peroxide</td>
			<td>JUNSEI</td>
			<td>23150-0350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ammonium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>1336-21-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xe-lamp</td>
			<td>&#160;Cermax, Waltham, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NIR Laser</td>
			<td>Class-IV, Sanctity Laser, Shanghai, China&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>6W (output power)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UV-Vis spectrophotometer&#160;</td>
			<td>S-3100, SINCO, South Korea</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transmission Electron Microscopy</td>
			<td>H-7650, Hitachi, Japan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spectro Fluorometer</td>
			<td>Jasco FP-6500, Tokyo, Japan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer</td>
			<td>AXIS&#8211;NOVA, KRATOS Inc., UK</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

visible-light induced reduction of graphene oxide using plasmonic nanoparticle

Attuale lavoro dimostra la, chimico libero, veloce e semplice metodo ad alta efficienza energetica per la produzione di ossido di grafene ridotta (r-GO) soluzione a temperatura ambiente usando irradiazione di luce visibile con nanoparticelle plasmoniche. Il nanoparticelle plasmonica è utilizzato per migliorare l&#39;efficienza di riduzione di GO. Ci vogliono solo 30 minuti a temperatura ambiente illuminando le soluzioni con Xe-lampada, le soluzioni r-GO possono essere ottenuti rimuovendo completamente le nanoparticelle d&#39;oro con una semplice fase di centrifugazione. Le nanoparticelle d&#39;oro sferiche (AuNPs) rispetto alle altre nanostrutture plasmoniche è la nanostruttura più adatto per la preparazione r-GO. L&#39;ossido di grafene ridotto preparato utilizzando la luce visibile e AuNPs era altrettanto qualitativa ridotto chimicamente ossido di grafene, che è stato sostenuto da varie tecniche analitiche come la spettroscopia UV-Vis, spettroscopia Raman, XRD in polvere e XPS. L&#39;ossido di grafene ridotta preparato con la luce visibile mostra eccellenti proprietà di spegnimento sulla Fluormolecole escent modificati su ssDNA ed eccellente recupero di fluorescenza per il rilevamento del DNA bersaglio. Si trova il r-GO preparato da AuNPs riciclati per essere di stessa qualità con quella di una ridotta chimicamente r-GO. L&#39;uso della luce visibile con nanoparticelle plasmonica dimostra il buon metodo alternativo per la sintesi r-GO.

Figura 1 mostra lo schema generale per la luce visibile e la reazione plasmonica nanoparticelle basato r-GO riduzione. La Figura 2 mostra la configurazione strumentale per le reazioni. Dopo la reazione, è richiesta la fase di centrifugazione per rimuovere il fotocatalizzatore usato (AuNSs, AuNRs o AuNPs) come mostrato nella Figura 3A. L&#39;analisi HRTEM mostra la rimozione completa delle nanoparticelle nel supernatante (r-GO) (figura 3B),</str...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle at JoVE.com

Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Un protocollo semplice per la preparazione di ossido di grafene ridotta utilizzando luce visibile e nanoparticelle plasmonica è descritto.

Luce visibile riduzione indotta di grafene ossido Usando nanoparticelle plasmoniche

Present work demonstrates the simple, chemical free, fast, and energy efficient method to produce reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) solution at RT using ...

visible-light-induced-reduction-graphene-oxide-using-plasmonic

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

14.3K Views.  Korea University.  Un protocollo semplice per la preparazione di ossido di grafene ridotta utilizzando luce visibile e nanoparticelle plasmonica è descritto. 

Video: Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters

In this video article we present a detailed demonstration of a highly efficient method for generating terahertz waves. Our technique is based on photoconduction, which has been one of the most commonly used techniques for terahertz generation 1-8. Terahertz generation in a photoconductive emitter is achieved by pumping an ultrafast photoconductor with a pulsed or heterodyned laser illumination. The induced photocurrent, which follows the envelope of the pump laser, is routed to a terahertz radiating antenna connected to the photoconductor contact electrodes to generate terahertz radiation. Although the quantum efficiency of a photoconductive emitter can theoretically reach 100%, the relatively long transport path lengths of photo-generated carriers to the contact electrodes of conventional photoconductors have severely limited their quantum efficiency. Additionally, the carrier screening effect and thermal breakdown strictly limit the maximum output power of conventional photoconductive terahertz sources. To address the quantum efficiency limitations of conventional photoconductive terahertz emitters, we have developed a new photoconductive emitter concept which incorporates a plasmonic contact electrode configuration to offer high quantum-efficiency and ultrafast operation simultaneously. By using nano-scale plasmonic contact electrodes, we significantly reduce the average photo-generated carrier transport path to photoconductor contact electrodes compared to conventional photoconductors 9. Our method also allows increasing photoconductor active area without a considerable increase in the capacitive loading to the antenna, boosting the maximum terahertz radiation power by preventing the carrier screening effect and thermal breakdown at high optical pump powers. By incorporating plasmonic contact electrodes, we demonstrate enhancing the optical-to-terahertz power conversion efficiency of a conventional photoconductive terahertz emitter by a factor of 50 10.

We describe methods for the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of plasmonic photoconductive emitters, which offer two orders of magnitude higher terahertz power levels compared to conventional photoconductive emitters.

Progettazione, fabbricazione, e Sperimentale Caratterizzazione di plasmoniche Emettitori Terahertz fotoconduttive

In this video article we present a detailed demonstration of a highly efficient method for generating terahertz waves. Our technique is based on ...

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Ingegneria

Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information support1,2,3. In this context, metal nanowires are especially desirable for realizing dense routing networks4. A prerequisite to operate such shared nanowire-based platform relies on our ability to electrically contact individual metal nanowires and efficiently excite surface plasmon polaritons5 in this information support. In this article, we describe a protocol to bring electrical terminals to chemically-synthesized silver nanowires6 randomly distributed on a glass substrate7. The positions of the nanowire ends with respect to predefined landmarks are precisely located using standard optical transmission microscopy before encapsulation in an electron-sensitive resist. Trenches representing the electrode layout are subsequently designed by electron-beam lithography. Metal electrodes are then fabricated by thermally evaporating a Cr/Au layer followed by a chemical lift-off. The contacted silver nanowires are finally transferred to a leakage radiation microscope for surface plasmon excitation and characterization8,9. Surface plasmons are launched in the nanowires by focusing a near infrared laser beam on a diffraction-limited spot overlapping one nanowire extremity5,9. For sufficiently large nanowires, the surface plasmon mode leaks into the glass substrate9,10. This leakage radiation is readily detected, imaged, and analyzed in the different conjugate planes in leakage radiation microscopy9,11. The electrical terminals do not affect the plasmon propagation. However, a current-induced morphological deterioration of the nanowire drastically degrades the flow of surface plasmons. The combination of surface plasmon leakage radiation microscopy with a simultaneous analysis of the nanowire electrical transport characteristics reveals the intrinsic limitations of such plasmonic circuitry.

Silver nanowires can simultaneously transport electrons and optical information in the form of surface plasmons. A procedure is described here to realize such a shared circuitry and the limitations at propagating both information carriers are evaluated.

Valutare plasmoniche Trasporti in Current-carrying Argento Nanowires

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information ...

Development of a 3D Graphene Electrode Dielectrophoretic Device

The design and fabrication of a novel 3D electrode microdevice using 50 &#181;m thick graphene paper and 100 &#181;m double sided tape is described. The protocol details the procedures to construct a versatile, reusable, multiple layer, laminated dielectrophoresis chamber. Specifically, six layers of 50 &#181;m x&#160;0.7 cm x&#160;2 cm graphene paper and five layers of double sided tape were alternately stacked together, then clamped to a glass slide. Then a 700 &#956;m diameter micro-well was drilled through the laminated structure using a computer-controlled micro drilling machine. Insulating properties of the tape layer between adjacent graphene layers were assured by resistance tests. Silver conductive epoxy connected alternate layers of graphene paper and formed stable connections between the graphene paper and external copper wire electrodes. The finished device was then clamped and sealed to a glass slide. The electric field gradient was modeled within the multi-layer device. Dielectrophoretic behaviors of 6 &#956;m polystyrene beads were demonstrated in the 1 mm deep micro-well, with medium conductivities ranging from 0.0001 S/m to 1.3 S/m, and applied signal frequencies from 100 Hz to 10 MHz. Negative dielectrophoretic responses were observed in three dimensions over most of the conductivity-frequency space and cross-over frequency values are consistent with previously reported literature values. The device did not prevent AC electroosmosis and electrothermal flows, which occurred in the low and high frequency regions, respectively. The graphene paper utilized in this device is versatile and could subsequently function as a biosensor after dielectrophoretic characterizations are complete.

A microdevice with high throughput potential is used to demonstrate three-dimensional (3D) dielectrophoresis (DEP) with novel materials. Graphene nanoplatelet paper and double sided tape were alternately stacked; a 700 &#956;m micro-well was drilled transverse to the layers. DEP behavior of polystyrene beads was demonstrated in the micro-well.

Sviluppo di un dispositivo 3D grafene elettrodi dielettroforetiche

The design and fabrication of a novel 3D electrode microdevice using 50 &#181;m thick graphene paper and 100 &#181;m double sided tape is described. The ...

Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures

Oxide nanoelectronics is a rapidly growing field which seeks to develop novel materials with multifunctional behavior at nanoscale dimensions. Oxide interfaces exhibit a wide range of properties that can be controlled include conduction, piezoelectric behavior, ferromagnetism, superconductivity and nonlinear optical properties. Recently, methods for controlling these properties at extreme nanoscale dimensions have been discovered and developed. Here are described explicit step-by-step procedures for creating LaAlO3/SrTiO3 nanostructures using a reversible conductive atomic force microscopy technique. The processing steps for creating electrical contacts to the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface are first described. Conductive nanostructures are created by applying voltages to a conductive atomic force microscope tip and locally switching the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface to a conductive state. A versatile nanolithography toolkit has been developed expressly for the purpose of controlling the atomic force microscope (AFM) tip path and voltage. Then, these nanostructures are placed in a cryostat and transport measurements are performed. The procedures described here should be useful to others wishing to conduct research in oxide nanoelectronics.

Oxide nanostructures provide new opportunities for science and technology. The interfacial conductivity between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 can be controlled with near-atomic precision using a conductive atomic force microscopy technique. The protocol for creating and measuring conductive nanostructures at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces is demonstrated.

Scrittura e bassa temperatura Caratterizzazione di nanostrutture di ossido

Oxide nanoelectronics is a rapidly growing field which seeks to develop novel materials with multifunctional behavior at nanoscale dimensions.  Oxide ...

Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies

Efforts to assemble graphene into three-dimensional monolithic structures have been hampered by the high cost and poor processability of graphene. Additionally, most reported graphene assemblies are held together through physical interactions (e.g., van der Waals forces) rather than chemical bonds, which limit their mechanical strength and conductivity. This video method details recently developed strategies to fabricate mass-producible, graphene-based bulk materials derived from either polymer foams or single layer graphene oxide. These materials consist primarily of individual graphene sheets connected through covalently bound carbon linkers. They maintain the favorable properties of graphene such as high surface area and high electrical and thermal conductivity, combined with tunable pore morphology and exceptional mechanical strength and elasticity. This flexible synthetic method can be extended to the fabrication of polymer/carbon nanotube (CNT) and polymer/graphene oxide (GO) composite materials. Furthermore, additional post-synthetic functionalization with anthraquinone is described, which enables a dramatic increase in charge storage performance in supercapacitor applications.

This video method describes the synthesis of high surface area, monolithic 3D graphene-based materials derived from polymer precursors as well as single layer graphene oxide.

Sintesi e funzionalizzazione di 3D Materials Nano-grafene: grafene Aerogels e grafene Assemblee Macro

Efforts to assemble graphene into three-dimensional monolithic structures have been hampered by the high cost and poor processability of graphene. ...

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Plasmonics, which are based on the collective oscillation of electrons due to light excitation, involve strongly enhanced local electric fields and thus have potential applications in nonlinear optics, which requires extraordinary optical intensity. One of the most studied nonlinearities in plasmonics is nonlinear absorption, including saturation and reverse saturation behaviors. Although scattering and absorption in nanoparticles are closely correlated by the Mie theory, there has been no report of nonlinearities in plasmonic scattering until very recently. 
Last year, not only saturation, but also reverse saturation of scattering in an isolated plasmonic particle was demonstrated for the first time. The results showed that saturable scattering exhibits clear wavelength dependence, which seems to be directly linked to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Combined with the intensity-dependent measurements, the results suggest the possibility of a common mechanism underlying the nonlinear behaviors of scattering and absorption. These nonlinearities of scattering from a single gold nanosphere (GNS) are widely applicable, including in super-resolution microscopy and optical switches. 
In this paper, it is described in detail how to measure nonlinearity of scattering in a single GNP and how to employ the super-resolution technique to enhance the optical imaging resolution based on saturable scattering. This discovery features the first super-resolution microscopy based on nonlinear scattering, which is a novel non-bleaching contrast method that can achieve a resolution as low as l/8 and will potentially be useful in biomedicine and material studies.

Saturable and reverse saturable scattering were discovered in isolated plasmonic particles and adopted as a novel non-bleaching contrast method in super-resolution microscopy. Here the experimental procedures of detecting and extracting nonlinear scattering are explained in detail, as well as how to enhance resolution with the aid of saturated excitation microscopy.

Misura di Scattering non linearità da un nanoparticelle plasmoniche singolo

Plasmonics, which are based on the collective oscillation of electrons due to light excitation, involve strongly enhanced local electric fields and thus ...

Iridium Oxide-reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid Thin Film Modified Screen-printed Electrodes as Disposable Electrochemical Paper Microfluidic pH Sensors

A facile, controllable, inexpensive and green electrochemical synthesis of IrO2-graphene nanohybrid thin films is developed to fabricate an easy-to-use integrated paper microfluidic electrochemical pH sensor for resource-limited settings. Taking advantages from both pH meters and strips, the pH sensing platform is composed of hydrophobic barrier-patterned paper micropad (&#181;PAD) using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with IrO2-graphene films and molded acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic holder. Repetitive cathodic potential cycling was employed for graphene oxide (GO) reduction which can completely remove electrochemically unstable oxygenated groups and generate a 2D defect-free homogeneous graphene thin film with excellent stability and electronic properties. A uniform and smooth IrO2 film in nanoscale grain size is anodically electrodeposited onto the graphene film, without any observable cracks. The resulting IrO2-RGO electrode showed slightly super-Nernstian responses from pH 2-12 in Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffers with good linearity, small hysteresis, low response time and reproducibility in different buffers, as well as low sensitivities to different interfering ionic species and dissolved oxygen. A simple portable digital pH meter is fabricated, whose signal is measured with a multimeter, using high input-impedance operational amplifier and consumer batteries. The pH values measured with the portable electrochemical paper-microfluidic pH sensors were consistent with those measured using a commercial laboratory pH meter with a glass electrode.

The study demonstrates the growth of iridium oxide-reduced graphene oxide (IrO2-RGO) nanohybrid thin films on irregular and rough screen-printed carbon substrate through a green electrochemical synthesis, and their implementation as a pH sensor with a patterned paper-fluidic platform.

Grafene ossido nanoibrido film sottile elettrodi serigrafati Iridium ossido-riduzione modificato come usa e getta di carta elettrochimica microfluidici pH Sensori

A facile, controllable, inexpensive and green electrochemical synthesis of IrO2-graphene nanohybrid thin films is developed to fabricate an easy-to-use ...

Preparation of ZnO Nanorod/Graphene/ZnO Nanorod Epitaxial Double Heterostructure for Piezoelectrical Nanogenerator by Using Preheating Hydrothermal

Well-aligned ZnO nanostructures have been intensively studied over the last decade for remarkable physical properties and enormous applications. Here, we describe a one-step fabrication technique to synthesis freestanding ZnO nanorod/graphene/ZnO nanorod double heterostructure. The preparation of the double heterostructure is performed by using thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and preheating hydrothermal technique. In addition, the morphological properties were characterized by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The utility of freestanding double heterostructure is demonstrated by fabricating the piezoelectric nanogenerator. The electrical output is improved up to 200% compared to that of a single heterostructure owing to the coupling effect of the piezoelectricity between the arrays of ZnO nanorods on the top and bottom of graphene. This unique double heterostructure have a tremendous potential for applications of electrical and optoelectrical devices where the high number density and specific surface area of nanorod are needed, such as pressure sensor, immuno-biosensor and dye-sensitized solar cells.

One-step fabrication method for obtaining freestanding epitaxial double heterostructure is presented. This approach could achieve ZnO coverage with a higher number density than that of the epitaxial single heterostructure, leading to a piezoelectric nanogenerator with an increased output electrical performance.

Preparazione di ZnO Nanorod / grafene / ZnO Nanorod epitassiale Doppia Heterostructure per piezoelettrico nanogeneratore utilizzando preriscaldamento Idrotermale

Well-aligned ZnO nanostructures have been intensively studied over the last decade for remarkable physical properties and enormous applications. Here, we ...

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating

One of the most widely used methods for manufacturing colloidal gold nanospherical particles involves the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) to neutral gold Au(0) by reducing agents, such as sodium citrate or sodium borohydride. The extension of this method to decorate iron oxide or similar nanoparticles with gold nanoparticles to create multifunctional hybrid Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles is straightforward. This approach yields fairly good control over Au nanoparticle dimensions and loading onto Fe2O3. Additionally, the Au metal size, shape, and loading can easily be tuned by changing experimental parameters (e.g., reactant concentrations, reducing agents, surfactants, etc.). An advantage of this procedure is that the reaction can be done in air or water, and, in principle, is amenable to scaling up. The use of such optically tunable Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles for hyperthermia studies is an attractive option as it capitalizes on plasmonic heating of gold nanoparticles tuned to absorb light strongly in the VIS-NIR region. In addition to its plasmonic effects, nanoscale Au provides a unique surface for interesting chemistries and catalysis. The Fe2O3 material provides additional functionality due to its magnetic property. For example, an external magnetic field could be used to collect and recycle the hybrid Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles after a catalytic experiment, or alternatively, the magnetic Fe2O3 can be used for hyperthermia studies through magnetic heat induction. The photothermal experiment described in this report measures bulk temperature change and nanoparticle solution mass loss as functions of time using infrared thermocouples and a balance, respectively. The ease of sample preparation and the use of readily available equipment are distinct advantages of this technique. A caveat is that these photothermal measurements assess the bulk solution temperature and not the surface of the nanoparticle where the heat is transduced and the temperature is likely to be higher.

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating

We describe the synthesis and properties of multifunctional Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles produced by a wet chemical approach and investigate their photothermal properties using laser irradiation. The composite Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles retain the properties of both materials, creating a multifunctional structure with excellent magnetic and plasmonic properties.

Multifunzionale ibrida Fe<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; O<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt; -Au Nanoparticelle per un efficiente riscaldamento plasmoniche

One of the most widely used methods for manufacturing colloidal gold nanospherical particles involves the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) to ...

Advanced Compositional Analysis of Nanoparticle-polymer Composites Using Direct Fluorescence Imaging

The fabrication of polymer-nanoparticle composites is extremely important in the development of many functional materials. Identifying the precise composition of these materials is essential, especially in the design of surface catalysts, where the surface concentration of the active component determines the activity of the material. Antimicrobial materials which utilize nanoparticles are a particular focus of this technology. Recently swell encapsulation has emerged as a technique for inserting antimicrobial nanoparticles into a host polymer matrix. Swell encapsulation provides the advantage of localizing the incorporation to the external surfaces of materials, which act as the active sites of these materials. However, quantification of this nanoparticle uptake is challenging. Previous studies explore the link between antimicrobial activity and surface concentration of the active component, but this is not directly visualized. Here we show a reliable method to monitor the incorporation of nanoparticles into a polymer host matrix via swell encapsulation. We show that the surface concentration of CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles can be accurately visualized through cross-sectional fluorescence imaging. Using this method, we can quantify the uptake of nanoparticles via swell encapsulation and measure the surface concentration of encapsulated particles, which is key in optimizing the activity of functional materials.

Here we present a reliable method to monitor the incorporation of nanoparticles into a polymer host matrix via swell encapsulation. We show that the surface concentration of cadmium selenide quantum dots can be accurately visualized through cross-sectional fluorescence imaging.