Ringraziamo Yoshiko Miyake, Sayaka Kanaami, Chihana Fujita, Miho Yamaguchi, Natsuko Henmi, e Rei Ohno della scuola dell&#39;università Keio di Medicina per l&#39;assistenza tecnica. Questo lavoro è stato in parte finanziato da un programma di R &amp; D Systems sostegno per accelerare l&#39;uso pratico dei risultati della ricerca di salute, e il programma di strada per la realizzazione di Medicina Rigenerativa.

1. Preparare cellule T attivate umana <ol><li> Raccogliere 10 ml di sangue intero eparinizzati da un donatore mediante prelievo venoso. <ol><li> Ottenere il consenso informato dei donatori in anticipo di prelievo venoso. Venipuntura deve essere effettuata da personale qualificato ed addestrato. </li><li> Maneggiare i campioni di sangue ottenuti con materiale sterile e seguenti linee guida di biosicurezza adeguate. </li></ol></li><li> Diluire 10 ml di sangue intero eparinizzati con 10 ml D-PBS (-). </li><li> Mettere 15 ml di soluzione di Ficoll (PREMIUM Ficoll-Paque) in un nuovo tubo conico da 50 ml. </li><li> Strato la soluzione di sangue da 20 ml preparata al punto 1.2 sulla soluzione di Ficoll al punto 1.3. L&#39;utilizzo di un pipetta elettrico, della soluzione di sangue preparata al punto 1.2 correre lentamente lungo la parete interna del tubo. Fare attenzione a non mescolare la soluzione di sangue e la soluzione Ficoll. </li><li> Centrifugare a 400 xg per 30 minuti a RT. Impostare la velocità di decelerazione centrifuga per &quot;lento&quot;. Nota: Dopo la centrifugazione, un bianco sottilestrato emerge tra uno strato di plasma lattiginoso superiore e uno strato di Ficoll bassa chiara. Questo strato sottile bianca contiene cellule mononucleate. </li><li> Trasferire lo strato di cellule mononucleate in una nuova provetta conica da 50 ml con una pipetta 1 ml. Fare attenzione a non includere la soluzione di Ficoll. </li><li> Aggiungere D-PBS (-) per le cellule mononucleate ad un volume totale di 10 ml e centrifugare a 200 xg per 5 minuti a temperatura ambiente. </li><li> Scartare il surnatante. Aggiungere 10 ml di D-PBS (-) alle cellule mononucleari, e centrifugare a 200 xg per 5 minuti a temperatura ambiente. </li><li> Eliminare il surnatante, aggiungere 1 ml di KBM502 medio per le cellule mononucleate raccolti, e contare le cellule utilizzando un emocitometro. Oltre 5 × 10 6 cellule mononucleari possono essere ottenuti da 10 ml di sangue intero eparinizzati con separazione appropriato utilizzando Ficoll. </li><li> Preparare una soluzione di anticorpo CD3 anti-umano ad una concentrazione di 10 ug / ml in PBS-D (-). Aggiungere la soluzione di anticorpi anti-CD3 umana a una 6-pozzetti, immergere il surfasso di ogni pozzetto e incubare il piatto a 37 ° C in un incubatore CO 2 5% per almeno 30 min. </li><li> Rimuovere la soluzione di anticorpi CD3 anti-umano da ciascun pozzetto e lavare una volta con PBS-D (-) appena prima semina delle cellule. </li><li> Cellule mononucleate Seed che sono stati preparati nel passo 1.9 ad una densità di 2,5 x 10 5 cellule / cm 2 sui CD3 antiumano 6 pozzetti rivestiti con anticorpo in KBM502 media. Incubare a 37 ° C in un incubatore -CO 2 5% per 3-7 giorni senza mezzo di cambiamento fino a quando le cellule T raggiungono confluenza. Le cellule T in questo periodo sono sia le cellule in sospensione e aderenti. </li></ol> 2. Infettare T umano Celle con SEV Vettori <ol><li> Dopo 3-7 giorni la cultura, raccogliere le cellule T attivate con medio esistente pipettando. Trasferirli su un tubo da 15 ml e centrifugare a 200 g per 5 minuti a temperatura ambiente. </li><li> Rimuovere il surnatante e aggiungere 1 ml di mezzo KBM502 fresco. Contare le cellule e la piastra 1.5 × 10 6 celle (in 2 ml di media KBM502 fresco) in ciascun pozzetto di una piastra da 6 pozzetti anti-CD3 anticorpo-rivestito. </li><li> Scongelare le soluzioni SEV di Oct3 / 4-SEV / TSΔF, SOX2-SEV / TSΔF, Klf4-SEV / TSΔF, e c-Myc (HNL) -sev / TS15ΔF sul ghiaccio. </li><li> Aggiungere le soluzioni SEV contenenti Oct3 / 4-SEV / TSΔF, SOX2-SEV / TSΔF, Klf4-SEV / TSΔF, e c-Myc (HNL) -sev / TS15ΔF individualmente ai pozzi, ciascuna ad una molteplicità di infezione (MOI) 10. Incubare a 37 ° C in un incubatore -CO 2 5% per altre 24 ore. </li></ol> 3. Rimuovere Sev Vettori da T cellule umane <ol><li> 24 ore dopo l&#39;infezione, raccogliere le cellule infettate con una pipetta. Se ci sono cellule aderenti, possono facilmente essere staccati li pipettando ripetutamente su e giù. Trasferirli su un tubo da 15 ml e centrifugare a 200 g per 5 minuti a temperatura ambiente. </li><li> Eliminare il surnatante contenente i vettori Sev, e aggiungere 2 ml di mezzo KBM502 fresco. Cellule replate a each dei pozzetti. Incubare a 37 ° C in un incubatore -CO 2 5% per altre 24 ore. </li></ol> 4. Cellule reseed su uno strato Matrigel <ol><li> Preparare la soluzione di matrice membrana basale da gel matrice scongelamento (si veda l&#39;elenco dei materiali per il marchio specifico utilizzato in questo studio) a 4 ° C e sciogliendo 0,2 ml in 10 ml di terreno DMEM / F12. Nota: Gel Matrix (si veda l&#39;elenco dei materiali per il marchio specifico utilizzato in questo studio) deve scongelare O / N a 4 ° C per essere completamente scongelati. Tenerlo in ghiaccio fino al momento dell&#39;uso. </li><li> Piatto soluzione matrice membrana basale 5 ml per piastra in piastre da 100 mm e lasciare a temperatura ambiente per almeno 30 minuti prima della semina cellule. Almeno due piatti da 100 mm sono necessari per un esperimento. </li><li> Raccogliere le cellule SEV-infettate pipettando, trasferirli su un tubo da 15 ml e centrifugare a 200 g per 5 minuti a temperatura ambiente. </li><li> Rimuovere il surnatante e aggiungere 1 ml di mezzo KBM502 fresco. Contare il numero di cells con un emocitometro, rimuovere la soluzione di matrice membrana basale da piatti da 100 mm preparati nel passaggio 4.2 e piastra 1 × 10 5 e 1 × 10 6 celle (in 10 ml di media mTeSR fresco) su un 100 mm membrana basale matrice rivestita piatti. Infine, utilizzare la piastra in cui le colonie sono facilmente raccolti. </li><li> Incubare il piatto a 37 ° C in 5% -CO 2 incubatore O / N. </li><li> Cambiare il medio 10 ml di incarnarsi mTeSR medio a giorni alterni. Nota: Circa 20-30 giorni dopo l&#39;infezione, colonie che ricordano da vicino le cellule staminali embrionali (ESC) apparirà. </li></ol> 5. Espandere T iPSCs derivati ​​dalle cellule <ol><li> Preparare la soluzione di matrice membrana basale da gel matrice scongelamento (si veda l&#39;elenco dei materiali per il marchio specifico utilizzato in questo studio) a 4 ° C e sciogliendo 0,2 ml in 10 ml di terreno DMEM / F12. </li><li> Piastra 1 ml di soluzione di matrice membrana basale per bene in un 6-pozzetti e lasciare a temperatura ambiente per un periodoalmeno 30 minuti prima di prendere colonie. </li><li> Riempire una piastra a 96 pozzetti con 20 ml di mTeSR media per pozzetto. </li><li> Selezionare colonie che assomigliano CES allo stereomicroscopio con una pipetta 20 ml. Nota: Le colonie di CES e iPSCs sono rotondi e piatta come mostrato in Figura 1B. </li><li> Trasferire colonie selezionate nella piastra a 96 pozzetti pieni di mTeSR medie punto 5.3. </li><li> Aggiungere 200 ml di mTeSR media ad ogni bene e con attenzione pipetta su e giù per rompere la colonia in piccoli ciuffi con lo stereomicroscopio con una pipetta 200 l. Rimuovere la soluzione di matrice membrana basale dalla ben preparato in 5.2 e mettere ogni colonia in un pozzetto della membrana basale matrice rivestite 6 pozzetti con 2 ml di mTeSR media per pozzetto. </li><li> Cambiare il medio-2 ml di incarnarsi mTeSR medio a giorni alterni. </li></ol> 6. Mantenere T iPSCs derivati ​​dalle cellule Le iPSCs derivati ​​dalle cellule T possono essere mantenutie memorizzati utilizzando le stesse tecniche per iPSCs umane e CES umani. Una volta che le colonie IPSC crescono, li espandersi in piatti più grandi ripetendo la stessa procedura. <ol><li> Cambia il mezzo mTeSR ogni 1-2 giorni. </li><li> Quando le colonie diventano confluenti ogni 5-7 giorni, di passaggio le cellule utilizzando soluzione dissociazione per iPSCs umani e CES umani in base alle istruzioni del produttore. </li></ol>

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We describe a protocol for generating iPSCs from human peripheral T cells in serum-free and feeder-free conditions using a combination of matrigel, mTeSR medium, and SeV vectors. For clinical applications of iPSCs, it is important to have a protocol for stably generating iPSCs and a less-invasive method for cell sampling. Although generating iPSCs with the combination of matrigel and mTeSR medium showed lower reprogramming efficiency than that with knockout serum replacement (KSR) medium and feeder-cells, this combination achieves stable generation of iPSCs from donors16. Stable iPSC generation and less-invasive cell sampling has the advantage of being able to increase the number of donors for iPSC generation. 
SeV vectors, a minus-strand RNA virus, is not integrated into the host genome. Therefore the risks of tumorigenesis can be avoided at the step of reprogramming factor induction20-24. Additionally, the feeder-free conditions, which use a combination of defined culture medium and matrigel instead of a feeder layer, make it possible to minimize the potential risks of exposure to unknown exogenous factors. The fusion of these techniques provides a less invasive and safer iPSC technology for regenerative medicine16.
Important steps in this protocol are the step of activating human T cells (Step 1) and infecting them with SeV vectors (Step 2). When no ESC-like colony is obtained in the culture dish at an optimal time after SeV infection, the following should be considered. First, the confluency of the mononuclear cells before T cell activation may not be appropriate because optimal activation of T cells is critical for SeV infection25,26. Too high a density of mononuclear cells leads to cell death, interfering with the proper activation of T cells. Too low a density of mononuclear cells also disturbs the proper activation and proliferation of T cells. Therefore, the confluency of mononuclear cells should be checked and adjusted accordingly. Second, the dosage of SeV vectors may not be sufficient. The induction efficiency of iPSC colonies depends on the dosage of the virus6. If no ESC-like colony is observed after SeV infection, the option of increasing the virus dosage up to an MOI of 15-20 should be considered. If signs of iPSC colony differentiation are observed, the frequency at which medium is changed may be increased up to every other day, or to every day when colonies are larger. 
The limitation in this protocol consists of this method not being virus free. Although SeV for cell reprogramming is commercially available with ease, users need to prepare equipment according to the appropriate biosafety level. As another method for generating integration-free iPSCs, episomal vectors have been used until now27-29. Although episomal vectors can be used with equipment with a lower level of biosafety, episomal vectors might insert into the host genome at extremely low rates. Therefore, additional checks are required to confirm the disappearance of transgenes, as when using SeV.
There is another limitation in that this technique is not absolutely free from animal-derived products. Some substrates, such as matrigel, anti-CD3 mAb, dissociation solution and SeV solution are derived from animal products and are therefore associated with a risk of transferring xenogeneic pathogens. However, the reduction of animal-derived substrates in the culture system is meaningful for the clinical application of iPSC technology due to the lower risk.

iPSCs hanno suscitato notevole attenzione come fonte innovativa di cellule per la medicina rigenerativa 1-3. Ad oggi, diversi metodi per la generazione di iPSCs sono stati segnalati 4,5. Tra questi, iPSCs generato da cellule T umane sono stati di particolare interesse a causa del metodo meno invasivo del campionamento delle cellule 6-8. Inoltre, iPSCs derivati ​​da cellule T contiene riarrangiamenti del gene del recettore delle cellule T (TCR) e sono quindi una fonte di cellule T antigene-specifiche 9,10. Pertanto, generando cellule derivate iPSCs T è sicuro utile per progredire la medicina rigenerativa. Questo metodo si basa sul concetto di ridurre il rischio di patogenicità imprevedibile. Per applicazione clinica sicura di iPSCs è importante ridurre il rischio di esposizione ad agenti patogeni 11. Precedentemente in molti sistemi di coltura di cellule staminali pluripotenti, cellule di siero fetale bovino e alimentatore sono stati utilizzati come reagente essenziales 12. Tuttavia, la rimozione di entrambi questi reagenti del sistema di coltura è preferibile per la generazione COPSI per ridurre il rischio di patogenicità imprevedibile. Inoltre, questo metodo ha il vantaggio di evitare il campionamento delle cellule invasive da pazienti e laboriosa preparazione di cellule feeder. Perché cellule T iPSCs derivati ​​sono già stati utilizzati con successo nella ricerca sulle malattie 13,14, questo metodo è applicabile e utile per generare iPSCs malattie specifiche da pazienti anche. Tra i metodi di riprogrammazione delle cellule T, utilizzando il virus Sendai (SeV) vettore come veicolo gene è un metodo che può generare iPSCs con alta efficienza 7,16. Inoltre, poiché SeV è un singolo filamento RNA virus e non necessita di una fase di DNA per la replicazione, il suo uso nella generazione COPSI evita la rottura del genoma ospite 17-19. Pertanto, abbiamo stabilito protocolli per la generazione di iPSCs da cellule T periferico umano nel siero-frEE e condizioni senza alimentazione utilizzando una combinazione di matrigel, mTeSR media, e Sev vettori.

<table border="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Ficoll-Paque PREMIUM</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare</td>
			<td>17-5442-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Purified NA/LE mouse anti-human CD3</td>
			<td>BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td>555336</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KBM502 medium</td>
			<td>KOHJIN BIO</td>
			<td>16025020</td>
			<td>Warm in 37 &#8451; water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine albumin fraction V solution</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15260-037</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Matrigel Matrix Growth Factor Reduced</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>354230</td>
			<td>Thaw completely at 4&#8451; overnight and dilute it 50 times with Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle&#39;s Medium before coating culture dishes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>mTeSR1 medium kit</td>
			<td>STEM CELL</td>
			<td>5850</td>
			<td>Warm at room temperature before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissociation Solution</td>
			<td>ReproCELL</td>
			<td>RCHETP002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D-PBS(&#8211;)</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>045-29795</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SeV Vector kit CytoTune-iPS ver.1.0</td>
			<td>DNAVEC</td>
			<td>DV-0303c</td>
			<td>Thaw on ice before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100-mm tissue culture dish</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>353003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well tissue culture plate</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>353078</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6-well tissue culture plate</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>353046</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15ml Centrifuge Tube</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One&#160;</td>
			<td>188271</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50ml Centrifuge Tube</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One&#160;</td>
			<td>227261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human peripheral t cells using sendai virus in feeder-free conditions

Recentemente, iPSCs hanno attirato l&#39;attenzione come una nuova fonte di cellule per terapie rigenerative. Sebbene il metodo iniziale per iPSCs generano invocata fibroblasti dermici ottenuti mediante biopsia invasiva e retrovirali inserimento genomica di transgeni, ci sono stati molti sforzi per evitare questi inconvenienti. Le cellule T periferiche umani sono una fonte di cellule unico per la generazione di iPSCs. iPSCs derivati ​​da cellule T contengono riarrangiamenti del recettore delle cellule T (TCR) geni e sono una fonte di cellule T antigene-specifiche. Inoltre, T cell receptor riarrangiamento nel genoma ha il potenziale di etichettare linee di cellule individuali e di distinguere tra le cellule trapiantate e donatori. Per applicazione clinica sicura di iPSCs, è importante ridurre al minimo il rischio di esporre iPSCs appena generato ad agenti nocivi. Anche se le cellule di siero fetale bovino e di alimentazione sono stati fondamentali per la coltura di cellule staminali pluripotenti, è preferibile rimuoverli dal sistema di coltura per ridurre il rischiodi patogenicità imprevedibile. Per far fronte a questo, abbiamo stabilito un protocollo per la generazione di iPSCs dalle cellule T periferico umano mediante virus di Sendai per ridurre il rischio di esposizione agli agenti patogeni iPSCs indefiniti. Anche se la gestione Sendai virus richiede attrezzature con il livello di biosicurezza adeguato, virus infetta Sendai cellule T attivate, senza inserimento del genoma, ma con alta efficienza. In questo protocollo, dimostriamo la generazione di iPSCs dalle cellule T periferici umani in condizioni di assenza di alimentazione utilizzando una combinazione di attivo coltura delle cellule T e virus di Sendai.

<html> Usando questo protocollo, gli utenti sono in grado di generare iPSCs dalle cellule T periferico umano stabile. generazione IPSC dalle cellule T con SeV e matrigel ha mostrato circa il 0,002% -. 0,005% di efficienza della riprogrammazione delle cellule tra diversi casi donatori e SeV non sono stati individuati dopo vari passaggi 16 Figura 1A mostra uno schema del protocollo per la generazione di cellule T-derivato iPSCs in condizioni di assenza di alimentazione con matrigel e mTeSR media. Intorno 20-30 giorni dopo l&#39;infezione con SeV, colonie IPSC sono riconosciuti per la loro colonia ESC-come morfologia (Figura 1B). Immunofluorescenza rivela espressione di marcatori tipici delle cellule pluripotenti (Nanog, Oct3 / 4, SSEA4, TRA-1-60, e TRA-1-81) in iPSCs derivati ​​dalle cellule T ottenuti in condizioni di libero-feeder (Figura 1C). &quot;Width =&quot; 700 &quot;/&gt; Figura 1. (A): Uno schema del protocollo di riprogrammazione delle cellule T in condizioni senza feeder in questo studio. (B): Una tipica colonia ESC-come IPSC il giorno 27 dopo il prelievo di sangue in condizioni di libero-feeder. (C): ALP colorazione e immunofluorescenza per pluripotenza e superficiali marcatori (Nanog, Oct3 / 4, SSEA4, TRA-1-60, e TRA-1-81) in iPSCs derivati ​​dalle cellule T in condizioni di libero-feeder. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/53225/53225fig1highres.jpg" target="_blank">Si prega clicca qui per vedere una versione più grande di questa figura.</a>

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral T Cells Using Sendai Virus in Feeder-free Conditions at JoVE.com

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral T Cells Using Sendai Virus in Feeder-free Conditions

This protocol describes how to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human peripheral T cells in feeder-free conditions using a combination of matrigel and Sendai virus vectors containing reprogramming factors.

Generazione di pluripotenti indotte cellule staminali da umani periferici T Cellule con Sendai virus in condizioni di libera-Feeder

Recently, iPSCs have attracted attention as a new source of cells for regenerative therapies. Although the initial method for generating iPSCs relied on ...

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Developmental Biology

11.9K Views.  Keio University School of Medicine. This protocol describes how to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human peripheral T cells in feeder-free conditions using a combination of matrigel and Sendai virus vectors containing reprogramming factors.

Video: Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral T Cells Using Sendai Virus in Feeder-free Conditions

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Frozen Buffy Coats using Non-integrating Episomal Plasmids

Somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by forcing the expression of four transcription factors (Oct-4, Sox-2, Klf-4, and c-Myc), typically expressed by human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Due to their similarity with hESCs, iPSCs have become an important tool for potential patient-specific regenerative medicine, avoiding ethical issues associated with hESCs. In order to obtain cells suitable for clinical application, transgene-free iPSCs need to be generated to avoid transgene reactivation, altered gene expression and misguided differentiation. Moreover, a highly efficient and inexpensive reprogramming method is necessary to derive sufficient iPSCs for therapeutic purposes. Given this need, an efficient non-integrating episomal plasmid approach is the preferable choice for iPSC derivation. Currently the most common cell type used for reprogramming purposes are fibroblasts, the isolation of which requires tissue biopsy, an invasive surgical procedure for the patient. Therefore, human peripheral blood represents the most accessible and least invasive tissue for iPSC generation.
In this study, a cost-effective and viral-free protocol using non-integrating episomal plasmids is reported for the generation of iPSCs from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) obtained from frozen buffy coats after whole blood centrifugation and without density gradient separation.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a source of patient-specific tissues for clinical applications and basic research. Here, we present a detailed protocol to reprogram human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) obtained from frozen buffy coats into viral-free iPSCs using non-integrating episomal plasmids.

Generazione di pluripotenti indotte cellule staminali da congelata Buffy cappotti con non-integrazione episomiale Plasmidi

Somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by forcing the expression of four transcription factors (Oct-4, Sox-2, ...

Ricerca

Biologia dello sviluppo

Generation of Integration-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Hair-derived Keratinocytes

Recent advances in reprogramming allow us to turn somatic cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Disease modeling using patient-specific hiPSCs allows the study of the underlying mechanism for pathogenesis, also providing a platform for the development of in vitro drug screening and gene therapy to improve treatment options. The promising potential of hiPSCs for regenerative medicine is also evident from the increasing number of publications (>7000) on iPSCs in recent years. Various cell types from distinct lineages have been successfully used for hiPSC generation, including skin fibroblasts, hematopoietic cells and epidermal keratinocytes. While skin biopsies and blood collection are routinely performed in many labs as a source of somatic cells for the generation of hiPSCs, the collection and subsequent derivation of hair keratinocytes are less commonly used. Hair-derived keratinocytes represent a non-invasive approach to obtain cell samples from patients. Here we outline a simple non-invasive method for the derivation of keratinocytes from plucked hair. We also provide instructions for maintenance of keratinocytes and subsequent reprogramming to generate integration-free hiPSC using episomal vectors.

This manuscript provides a step-by-step procedure for the derivation and maintenance of human keratinocytes from plucked hair and subsequent generation of integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by episomal vectors.

Generazione di cellule staminali Integrazione-libero umano pluripotenti indotte Utilizzando capelli derivati ​​da cheratinociti

Recent advances in reprogramming allow us to turn somatic cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Disease modeling using ...

Feeder-free Derivation of Melanocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent a platform to study human development in vitro under both normal and disease conditions. Researchers can direct the differentiation of hPSCs into the cell type of interest by manipulating the culture conditions to recapitulate signals seen during development. One such cell type is the melanocyte, a pigment-producing cell of neural crest (NC) origin responsible for protecting the skin against UV irradiation. This protocol presents an extension of a currently available in vitro Neural Crest differentiation protocol from hPSCs to further differentiate NC into fully pigmented melanocytes. Melanocyte precursors can be enriched from the Neural Crest protocol via a timed exposure to activators of WNT, BMP, and EDN3 signaling under dual-SMAD-inhibition conditions. The resultant melanocyte precursors are then purified and matured into fully pigmented melanocytes by culture in a selective medium. The resultant melanocytes are fully pigmented and stain appropriately for proteins characteristic of mature melanocytes.

This work describes an in vitro differentiation protocol to produce pigmented, mature melanocytes from human pluripotent stem cells via a neural crest and melanoblast intermediate stage using a feeder-free, 25 day protocol.

Derivazione senza alimentatore di melanociti da cellule staminali umane pluripotenti

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent a platform to study human development in vitro under both normal and disease conditions. Researchers can ...

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes

Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can mediate durable and complete responses in significant subsets of patients with metastatic melanoma. Major obstacles of this approach are the reduced viability of transferred T cells, caused by telomere shortening, and the limited number of TILs obtained from patients. Less-differentiated T cells with long telomeres would be an ideal T cell subset for adoptive T cell therapy;however, generating large numbers of these less-differentiated T cells is problematic. This limitation of adoptive T cell therapy can be theoretically overcome by using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that self-renew, maintain pluripotency, have elongated telomeres, and provide an unlimited source of autologous T cells for immunotherapy. Here, we present a protocol to generate iPSCs using Sendai virus vectors for the transduction of reprogramming factors into TILs. This protocol generates fully reprogrammed, vector-free clones. These TIL-derived iPSCs might be able to generate less-differentiated patient- and tumor-specific T cells for adoptive T cell therapy.

The goal of this protocol is to show the protocol for reprogramming melanoma tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes into induced pluripotent stem cells.

Generazione di cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte da melanoma umano Linfociti infiltranti il ​​tumore

Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can mediate durable and complete responses in significant subsets ...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generation from Blood Cells Using Sendai Virus and Centrifugation

The recent development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) proved that mature somatic cells can return to an undifferentiated, pluripotent state. Now, reprogramming is done with various types of adult somatic cells: keratinocytes, urine cells, fibroblasts, etc. Early experiments were usually done with dermal fibroblasts. However, this required an invasive surgical procedure to obtain fibroblasts from the patients. Therefore, suspension cells, such as blood and urine cells, were considered ideal for reprogramming because of the convenience of obtaining the primary cells. Here, we report an efficient protocol for iPSC generation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). By plating the transduced PBMCs serially to a new, matrix-coated plate using centrifugation, this protocol can easily provide iPSC colonies. This method is also applicable to umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs). This study presents a simple and efficient protocol for the reprogramming of PBMCs and CBMCs.

We propose a protocol for reprogramming peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). By plating the transduced blood cells onto matrix-coated plates with centrifugation, iPSCs are successfully induced from floating cells. This technique suggests a simple and effective reprogramming protocol for cells such as PBMCs and CBMCs.

Pluripotenti indotte generazione di cellule staminali da cellule del sangue Utilizzando Sendai Virus e centrifugazione

The recent development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) proved that mature somatic cells can return to an undifferentiated, pluripotent ...

Generation of Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Episomal Vectors

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for disease modeling and regenerative therapies. We previously reported the use of Episomal Vectors (EV) to generate integration-free iPSCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB MNCs). The episomal vectors used are DNA plasmids incorporated with oriP and EBNA1 elements from the Epstein-Barr (EB) virus, which&#160;allow for replication and long-term retainment of plasmids in mammalian cells, respectively. With further optimization, thousands of iPSC colonies can be obtained from 1 mL of peripheral blood. Two critical factors for achieving high reprogramming efficiencies&#160;are: 1) the use of a 2A &#34;self-cleavage&#34; peptide to link OCT4 and SOX2, thus achieving equimolar expression of the two factors; 2) the use of two vectors to express MYC and KLF4 individually. Here we describe a step-by-step protocol for generating integration-free iPSCs from adult peripheral blood samples. The generated iPSCs are integration-free as residual episomal plasmids are undetectable after five passages. Although the reprogramming efficiency is comparable to that of Sendai Virus (SV) vectors, EV plasmids are considerably more economical than the commercially available SV vectors. This affordable EV reprogramming system holds potential for clinical applications in regenerative medicine and provides an approach for the direct reprogramming of PB MNCs to integration-free mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, etc.

This protocol describes a detailed method for efficient generation of integration-free iPSCs from human adult peripheral blood cells. With the use of four oriP/EBNA-based episomal vectors to express the reprogramming factors, KLF4, MYC, BCL-XL, or OCT4 and SOX2, thousands of iPSC colonies can be obtained from 1 mL of peripheral blood.

Generazione di integrazione-liberi cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte dalle cellule mononucleari di sangue periferico umano Utilizzando episomiale Vettori

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for disease modeling and regenerative therapies. We previously reported the use of Episomal ...

Defined and Scalable Generation of Hepatocyte-like Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) possess great value for biomedical research. hPSCs can be scaled and differentiated to all cell types found in the human body. The differentiation of hPSCs to human hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) has been extensively studied, and efficient differentiation protocols have been established. The combination of extracellular matrix and biological stimuli, including growth factors, cytokines, and small molecules, have made it possible to generate HLCs that resemble primary human hepatocytes. However, the majority of procedures still employ undefined components, giving rise to batch-to-batch variation. This serves as a significant barrier to the application of the technology. To tackle this issue, we developed a defined system for hepatocyte differentiation using human recombinant laminins as extracellular matrices in combination with a serum-free differentiation process. Highly efficient hepatocyte specification was achieved, with demonstrated improvements in both HLC function and phenotype. Importantly, this system is easy to scale up using research and GMP-grade hPSC lines&#160;promising advances in cell-based modelling and therapies.

The method presented here describes a scalable and good manufacturing practice (GMP)-ready differentiation system to generate human hepatocyte-like cells from pluripotent stem cells. It serves as a cost-effective and standardized system to generate human hepatocyte-like cells for basic and applied human liver research.

Definito e Generazione scalabile di cellule epatociti-come da cellule staminali umane pluripotenti

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) possess great value for biomedical research. hPSCs can be scaled and differentiated to all cell types found in the ...

Differentiating Chondrocytes from Peripheral Blood-derived Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In this study, we used peripheral blood cells (PBCs) as seed cells to produce chondrocytes via induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in an integration-free method. Following embryoid body (EB) formation and fibroblastic cell expansion, the iPSCs are induced for chondrogenic differentiation for 21 days under serum-free and xeno-free conditions. After chondrocyte induction, the phenotypes of the cells are evaluated by morphological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses, as well as by the quantitative real-time PCR examination of chondrogenic differentiation markers. The chondrogenic pellets show positive alcian blue and toluidine blue staining. The immunohistochemistry of collagen II and X staining is also positive. The sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content and the chondrogenic differentiation markers COLLAGEN 2 (COL2), COLLAGEN 10 (COL10), SOX9, and AGGRECAN are significantly upregulated in chondrogenic pellets compared to hiPSCs and fibroblastic cells. These results suggest that PBCs can be used as seed cells to generate iPSCs for cartilage repair, which is patient-specific and cost-effective.

We present a protocol to generate a chondrogenic lineage from human peripheral blood (PB) via induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using an integration-free method, which includes embryoid body (EB) formation, fibroblastic cells expansion, and chondrogenic induction.

Differenziare i condrociti da cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte dall&#39;uomo derivato dal sangue

In this study, we used peripheral blood cells (PBCs) as seed cells to produce chondrocytes via induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in an ...

Generation of Standardized and Reproducible Forebrain-type Cerebral Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

The human cortex is highly expanded and exhibits a complex structure with specific functional areas, providing higher brain function, such as cognition. Efforts to study human cerebral cortex development have been limited by the availability of model systems. Translating results from rodent studies to the human system is restricted by species differences and studies on human primary tissues are hampered by a lack of tissue availability as well as ethical concerns. Recent development in human pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology include the generation of three-dimensional (3D) self-organizing organotypic culture systems, which mimic to a certain extent human-specific brain development in vitro. Currently, various protocols are available for the generation of either whole brain or brain-region specific organoids. The method for the generation of homogeneous and reproducible forebrain-type organoids from induced PSC (iPSC), which we previously established and describe here, combines the intrinsic ability of PSC to self-organize with guided differentiation towards the anterior neuroectodermal lineage and matrix embedding to support the formation of a continuous neuroepithelium. More specifically, this protocol involves: (1) the generation of iPSC aggregates, including the conversion of iPSC colonies to a confluent monolayer culture; (2) the induction of anterior neuroectoderm; (3) the embedding of neuroectodermal aggregates in a matrix scaffold; (4) the generation of forebrain-type organoids from neuroectodermal aggregates; and (5) the fixation and validation of forebrain-type organoids. As such, this protocol provides an easily applicable system for the generation of standardized and reproducible iPSC-derived cortical tissue structures in vitro.

Cerebral organoids represent a new model system to investigate early human brain development in vitro. This article provides the detailed methodology to efficiently generate homogeneous dorsal forebrain-type organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells including critical characterization and validation steps.

Generazione di standardizzato e riproducibile del Forebrain-tipo Organoids cerebrale da umani cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte

The human cortex is highly expanded and exhibits a complex structure with specific functional areas, providing higher brain function, such as cognition. ...

Generation of 3D Skin Organoid from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

The skin is the body&#8217;s largest organ and has many functions. The skin acts as a physical barrier and protector of the body and regulates bodily functions. Biomimetics is the imitation of the models, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems1. Skin biomimetics is a useful tool for in vitro disease research and in vivo regenerative medicine. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the characteristic of unlimited proliferation and the ability of differentiation to three germ layers. Human iPSCs are generated from various primary cells, such as blood cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and more. Among them, cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) have emerged as an alternative cell source from the perspective of allogeneic regenerative medicine. CBMCs are useful in regenerative medicine because human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing is essential to the cell banking system. We provide a method for the differentiation of CBMC-iPSCs into keratinocytes and fibroblasts and for generation of a 3D skin organoid. CBMC-iPSC-derived keratinocytes and fibroblasts have characteristics similar to a primary cell line. The 3D skin organoids are generated by overlaying an epidermal layer onto a dermal layer. By transplanting this 3D skin organoid, a humanized mice model is generated. This study shows that a 3D human iPSC-derived skin organoid may be a novel, alternative tool for dermatologic research in vitro and in vivo.

We propose a protocol that shows how to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cell-derived keratinocytes and fibroblasts and generate a 3D skin organoid, using these keratinocytes and fibroblasts. This protocol contains an additional step of generating a humanized mice model. The technique presented here will improve dermatologic research.

Generazione di pelle 3D Organoid dal cordone emoderivati indotta da cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte

The skin is the body&#8217;s largest organ and has many functions. The skin acts as a physical barrier and protector of the body and regulates bodily ...