第４章
分離法の概要
物質の状態と相変化
The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends ...
蒸留:気液平衡
Distillation is a separation technique that takes advantage of the boiling point properties of disparate elements in a mixture. To perform distillation, ...
濾過
Filtration is the physical separation of solids from a fluid using a filtration medium.
The filtration medium is chosen depending on the purpose of ...
遠心分離
Centrifugation is a method of separating suspended particles from a liquid by spinning in a centrifuge at a high number of revolutions per minute.
...
昇華
Sublimation is the direct phase transformation from the solid to the gaseous phase, bypassing the liquid state.
For example, solid carbon dioxide, or dry ...
再結晶:固溶平衡
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, ...
結晶成長:結晶化の原理
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During ...
降水量と共降水量
Precipitation and coprecipitation techniques can be applied to separate a mixture of ions.
When different ions form sparingly soluble salts with the same ...
凝固
Coagulation is the agglomeration of colloidal particles to form larger aggregates.
This technique is applied to purify wastewater containing suspended ...
電着
During electrodeposition, ions are separated from a solution by deposition on an electrode in an electrolytic cell.
While reduction occurs at the cathode ...
抽出: 分割係数と分布係数
The distribution law or Nernst's distribution law is the law that governs the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents. This law, also ...
抽出:pHの影響
Consider a weak base, B, with a partition coefficient, K, between the organic and aqueous phases.
While organic bases are usually more ...
抽出:高度な方法
Metal ions can be separated by complexation with organic ligands to form uncharged chelates.
The chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and ...
クロマトグラフィー:はじめに
Chromatography is a technique used to separate compounds based on differences of partitioning between two phases, the stationary phase and the mobile ...
透析
Dialysis separates desired analyte ions or molecules from unwanted molecules, or 'interferents', by allowing the sample solution to diffuse ...
揮発
Volatilization separates a desired component, known as an analyte, from the other compounds in a sample by converting it to a volatile species through ...
イオン交換
Ion exchange separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the ...
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