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Method Article
* これらの著者は同等に貢献しました
To study combined solid organ and vascularized composite allotransplantation, we describe a novel heterotopic en bloc chest wall, thymus, and heart transplant model in mice using a cervical non-suture cuff technique.
Exploration of novel strategies in organ transplantation to prolong allograft survival and minimizing the need for long-term maintenance immunosuppression must be pursued. Employing vascularized bone marrow transplantation and co-transplantation of the thymus have shown promise in this regard in various animal models.1-11 Vascularized bone marrow transplantation allows for the uninterrupted transfer of donor bone marrow cells within the preserved donor microenvironment, and the incorporation of thymus tissue with vascularized bone marrow transplantation has shown to increase T-cell chimerism ultimately playing a supportive role in the induction of immune regulation. The combination of solid organ and vascularized composite allotransplantation can uniquely combine these strategies in the form of a novel transplant model. Murine models serve as an excellent paradigm to explore the mechanisms of acute and chronic rejection, chimerism, and tolerance induction, thus providing the foundation to propagate superior allograft survival strategies for larger animal models and future clinical application. Herein, we developed a novel heterotopic en bloc chest wall, thymus, and heart transplant model in mice using a cervical non-suture cuff technique. The experience in syngeneic and allogeneic transplant settings is described for future broader immunological investigations via an instructional manuscript and video supplement.
Cardiac transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage heart failure. Both technical advancements and pharmacological innovations have propelled the field to early graft acceptance rates above 90%.12,13 Despite this, 60-80% 5-year graft survival is at a standstill and chronic rejection, characterized by transplant vasculopathy, remains inevitable.14-16 Furthermore, patients are subjected to multiple surgical procedures and lifelong immunosuppression, which are associated with chest wall deformities and medical sequelae and toxicities, respectively. The need for innovative approaches to extend allograft survival, minimize the immunosuppressive requirements, and offer reconstructive options for anatomical deformities is pressing.
Vascularized composite allotransplantation offers a unique strategy for improving heart transplant outcomes both from an immunological aspect as well as a reconstructive perspective.17 Vascularized composite allografts are also unique in a way that they have an inherent source of donor-derived hematopoietic stem cells which has shown a favorable ability to reduce immunosuppression and induce and sustain mixed chimerism.1-8 Additionally, co-transplantation of the thymus has shown to prolong survival of both, solid organ transplants and vascularized composite allografts.2,9-11 Combining these strategies with heart transplantation offers a novel solution to the aforementioned challenges facing heart transplantation.18
Murine models serve as excellent platforms for mechanistic in vivo investigation because of the availability of antibodies and well-defined inbred and knockout strains.19-21 Although heart transplantation in mice is commonly studied using a heterotopic intraabdominal microsurgical suture transplant model22-25, a heterotopic, cervical, non-suture cuff technique model has shown to be extremely replicable, reliable, and carries fewer rates of thrombosis.19,26,27 The goal of this study is to develop a heterotopic en bloc osteomyocutaneous chest wall, thymus, and heart transplant technique in mice to study the immunological mechanisms of combined solid organ and vascularized composite allotransplantation using a cervical non-suture cuff technique. This cluster allograft is perfused through the anastomosis of the donor descending aorta to the right common carotid artery and the donor pulmonary artery to the right external jugular vein. Preservation of the internal thoracic vessels and associated thymus branches is paramount to perfusing the chest wall (sternum, ribs, muscles, and skin) and thymus.
すべての手術の手順は、ジョンズ・ホプキンス大学と米国農務省および公衆衛生局の要件に準拠して完了しました。このプロトコルは、ジョンズ・ホプキンス大学動物実験委員会を以下の、施設内倫理委員会は、(プロトコル番号M013M490)のガイドラインを承認しました。最終的な生存データは、以下に記載の外科的処置のために記録しました。両方のドナーとレシピエント動物は0.1ミリグラムでブプレノルフィンを使用して先制麻酔を受ける/ kgの皮下1時間前に手術し、レシピエント動物のブプレノルフィンでは、移植後に同じ用量で再投与し、最初の48時間で、必要に応じて再投与されます手術後。
1.ドナー同種移植片回復
注:受信者の麻酔時間を最小限にするために、以前の受信者の移植よりも移植40分のドナー部分を開始し、同時に終了時間または少し耳を容易にするために受信者の準備対Lierの終了時間。
2.受信者の準備
注:受信者の麻酔時間を最小限にするために、別々の手術駅で前にドナー同種移植片の収穫が完了するまでの約40分を受信者の準備を開始します。
3.同種移植片挿入図
4.術後ケア
長期生存を達成した同系のC57BL / 6移植。同種移植片の設計( 図1)は、動物の生存の観点および進行中の同種移植片の生存を評価する能力の成功であることが判明しました。これは、実行可能な、アクティブな継続的な同種移植毛の成長を残りの上を覆う皮膚を介して実証された、およびハートビートは、視覚化と指触診で評価することができました。生存データは、同系移植さ...
含まれる同種移植の免疫学的調査に要因が、急性および慢性拒絶反応、直接的および間接的な抗原提示、受信者の感作、または混合キメラの誘導のメカニズムに限定されるものではない現象の多くがあります。19動物モデルはなってきました移植免疫学の研究のためのゴールドスタンダード、およびマウスモデルは、一般に、その低い相対獣医や住宅需要の減少、コスト、トランスジ...
The authors do not have any conflicts of interest or financial disclosures to declare.
This work was funded by the American Association of Plastic Surgeons 2014 Academic Scholar Award.
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Euro-Collins Solution | The solution is not commercially purchased but rather prepared in the laboratory. To make a 500 ml solution add the ingredient listed below to a 330 ml of double distilled water. Mix well, and then fill in the rest of the 170 ml of double distilled water into the solution to a final volume of 500 ml. Ingredients: 1.02 g KH2PO4, 3.66 g K2HPO4, 0.56 g KCl, 0.42 g NaHCO3, and 17.52 g of glucose. | ||
Suture | Ethilon | MWI 72667 | 6-0 Ethilon https://www.mwivet.com (MWI - Veterinary Supplies) |
Polyimide Cuff Vein (21G) | Vention Medical | 141-0043 | http://www.ventionmedical.com/products-and-services/polyimide-tubing/ |
Polyimide Cuff Artery (24G) | Vention Medical | 141-0027 | http://www.ventionmedical.com/products-and-services/polyimide-tubing/ |
Soft plastic tip catheter | Terumo | SR*OX2419CA | 24G x 3/4" |
Microsurgical dilator | S&T | D-5a.1 | Dilator, 11 cm, FH, 0.1 mm AT10d |
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