著者は、ジョンズホプキンス大学の手術室のスタッフに感謝し、ジョンズホプキンスの小児病院で小児科の部門のメディアリレーション。

はじめに： 生殖器の疾患は一般的にプライマリケア医のオフィスで遭遇する。外尿道口狭窄、尿道口の異常狭窄（尿道口）が9％、男性の10％を発生する割礼後の一般的な合併症である。この疾患は、上向きに偏向さ、尿の流れ、排尿障害、切迫感、頻、および長時間の排尿に困難な目的とによって特徴付けられる。放置しておくと、これは尿路感染症や腎臓の問題を引き起こす可能性があります。外科尿道口切開術/管形成術は治癒的である。 治療/診断の手順： ルーチンの尿検査では頻尿の潜在的な原因として尿路感染症や糖尿病を除外されます。 詳細な病歴と身体検査は、診断を確定する、排尿の観察などがあります。 外来手術/管形成術は治癒的である。手続きは5分〜10分の麻酔下で行われます。 術中の準備は、外科ルーペの倍率、蚊の止血剤、微細な先端プラスチック顕微はさみ、Castroviejo針ホルダー、および7から0 vicryl縫合糸が含まれています。 <ol><li>子は、仰臥位に配置されます。 </li><li>性器の最小限の皮膚の準備とドレープ。いいえ予防的抗生物質は必要ありません。 <ul><li> Betadineポビドンヨード液は、陰部をスクラブするために使用され、最初の切開の前に約3分間維持するために許可されています。 </li><li>ペニスは、滅菌タオルでオフ覆われるべきである。 </li></ul></li><li>右利きの外科医は患者の左側に立っていると、よく潤滑蚊の止血剤はその後、約2〜3 mmの深さまで尿道口の先端/腹側面に導入されているいずれかの顎になります。腹側組織は、止血剤を閉じることによって粉砕される。合計クランプ時間は60秒になります。 </li><li>砕いた腹側組織は、顕微はさみで急激に切開している（図1）と内側の尿道粘膜とglanular組織は、中断の方法で7〜0 vicryl縫合（Castroviejo針ホルダーの図2）を使ってreapproximatedされています。 </li></ol>回復時間は最小限であり、不快感のために、必要に応じて子はタイレノールと一緒に家に送信されます。ワセリンは、創傷3-4x/dayに適用されます。

<ol>
	<li>Van Howe, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Incidence+of+meatal+stenosis+following+neonatal+circumcision+in+a+primary+care+setting.">Incidence of meatal stenosis following neonatal circumcision in a primary care setting.</a> Clin Pediatr (Phila). 45 (1), 49-54 (2006).</li><li>Litvak, A. S., Morris, J. A., McRoberts, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Normal+size+of+the+urethral+meatus+in+boys.">Normal size of the urethral meatus in boys.</a> J Uro. 115 (6), 736-737 (1976).</li><li>Brown, M. R., Cartwright, P. C., Snow, B. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Common+office+problems+in+pediatric+urology+and+gynecology.">Common office problems in pediatric urology and gynecology.</a> Pediatr Clin North Am. 44 (5), 1091-1115 (1997).</li><li>Smith, C., Smith, D. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Office+pediatric+urologic+procedures+from+a+parental+perspective.">Office pediatric urologic procedures from a parental perspective.</a> Urology. 55 (2), 272-276 (2000).</li><li>Frank, J. D., Pocock, R. D., Stower, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Urethral+strictures+in+childhood.">Urethral strictures in childhood.</a> Br J Urol. 62 (6), 590-592 (1988).</li><li>Persad, R., Sharma, S., McTavish, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+presentation+and+pathophysiology+of+meatal+stenosis+following+circumcision.">Clinical presentation and pathophysiology of meatal stenosis following circumcision.</a> Br J Urol. 75 (1), 91-93 (1995).</li><li>Stenram, A., Malmfors, G., Okmian, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Circumcision+for+phimosis:+a+follow-up+study.">Circumcision for phimosis: a follow-up study.</a> Scand J Urol Nephrol. 20 (2), 89-92 (1986).</li><li>Hinman, F., Baskin, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chapter+155.">Chapter 155.</a> Hinman s Atlas of Pediatric Urologic Surgery. , 773-775 (2008).</li><li>Belman, A. B., King, L. R., Kramer, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Clinical Pediatric Urology. , 214-215 (2002).</li><li>Wein, A. J., Kavoussi, L. R., Novick, A. C., Partin, A. W., Peters, C. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Campbell-Walsh Urology. , 1044-1045 (2007).</li></ol>

利害の衝突は宣言されません。

結果： 症候性外尿道口狭窄は、子供と家族のためにイライラさせられる。放置しておくと、慢性的な不完全な排尿の可能性は、尿路感染症とその後の腎障害の臨時の開発と、そこにあります。 再建管形成術は治癒的である、と簡単な麻酔下で行うことができます。 結論： 外尿道口狭窄は、割礼の一般的な合併...

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surgical management of meatal stenosis with meatoplasty

外尿道口狭窄は、割礼後の一般的な泌尿器科合併症です。子どもたちは、逸脱した尿の流れの苦情、困難な目的は、痛みを伴う排尿、および頻尿とそのプライマリケア医師に提示する。臨床試験では、ピンポイントの道を明らかにし、子供が排尿するように要求されている場合、彼は通常不完全な排尿との上位、薄い、時折力強い尿の流れを持つことになります。経営の柱は管形成術（遠位尿道/道の再建）です。この教育ビデオでは、これを実行する方法を説明します。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Surgical Management of Meatal Stenosis with Meatoplasty at JoVE.com

Surgical Management of Meatal Stenosis with Meatoplasty

管形成術、外尿道口狭窄の外科的管理。

管形成術と外尿道口狭窄の外科的管理

Meatal stenosis is a common urologic complication after circumcision.  Children present to their primary care physicians with complaints of deviated ...

surgical-management-of-meatal-stenosis-with-meatoplasty

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

52.4K ビュー.  Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. 管形成術、外尿道口狭窄の外科的管理。

ビデオ: Surgical Management of Meatal Stenosis with Meatoplasty

Protocols for Assessing Radiofrequency Interactions with Gold Nanoparticles and Biological Systems for Non-invasive Hyperthermia Cancer Therapy

Cancer therapies which are less toxic and invasive than their existing counterparts are highly desirable. The use of RF electric-fields that penetrate deep into the body, causing minimal toxicity, are currently being studied as a viable means of non-invasive cancer therapy. It is envisioned that the interactions of RF energy with internalized nanoparticles (NPs) can liberate heat which can then cause overheating (hyperthermia) of the cell, ultimately ending in cell necrosis.
In the case of non-biological systems, we present detailed protocols relating to quantifying the heat liberated by highly-concentrated NP colloids. For biological systems, in the case of in vitro experiments, we describe the techniques and conditions which must be adhered to in order to effectively expose cancer cells to RF energy without bulk media heating artifacts significantly obscuring the data. Finally, we give a detailed methodology for in vivo mouse models with ectopic hepatic cancer tumors.

We describe the protocols used to investigate the interactions of 13.56 MHz radiofrequency (RF) electric-fields with gold nanoparticle colloids in both non-biological and biological systems (in vitro/vivo). These interactions are being investigated for applications in cancer therapy.

非侵襲ハイパーサーミアがん治療のための金ナノ粒子と生体系とラジオ波の相互作用を評価するためのプロトコル

Cancer therapies  which are less toxic and invasive than their existing counterparts are highly  desirable. The use of RF electric-fields that penetrate ...

医学

Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs

Halitosis is a common complaint involving social and communicational problems in humans and also affects the pet-owner relationship. In this randomized placebo-controlled crossover clinical evaluation, we assessed&#160;the effectiveness of a dedicated dietary supplement to improve chronic halitosis in 32 dogs of different breeds and ages. This protocol describes how to evalute the presence of oral volatile suphur compunds, e.g. methyl mercaptan, hydrogen sulfide and dimethyl sulfide, by means of a portable gas chromatograph device coupled with a syringe, which was used to collect the breath, and a dedicated software, which allows the operator to monitor each compound concentration during each measurement, in a relatively short time (8 min).
A significant modification of halitosis parameters was observed after 30 days since the beginning of treatment (p &#60;0.05), while a long-lasting effect was still observed even 20 days after the suspension of the treatment. Portable gas chromatograph, which is also widely used in clinical practice, can be therefore used to confirm&#160;and control halitosis in humans and animals. Even though human and animal species present some differences,&#160;this innovative and alternative therapy for halitosis management might be extended to human clinical practice as an adjuvant dietary approach.

We describe a simple approach for diagnosis of halitosis in dogs as well as a dietary approach for its management. This protocol may be extended to the management of halitosis in humans in the near future.

犬の口臭の管理のための栄養補助食品の治療有効性

Halitosis is a common complaint involving social and communicational problems in humans and also affects the pet-owner relationship. In this randomized ...

Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice

Multiple surgical procedures have been reported to induce gastroesophageal reflux in animals. Herein, we report three surgical models with mice aiming to induce reflux of gastric contents, duodenal contents or mixed contents. Surgical procedures and general principles have been described in detail. A researcher with surgical experience should be able to grasp the technique after a short period of practice. After surgery, most mice can survive and develop reflux esophagitis similar to that in humans. However, it should be noted that histological differences between mouse and human esophagus are the inherent limitations of these surgical models. If used for research on Barrett&#8217;s esophagus and adenocarcinoma, these procedures may need to be combined with genetic modifications.

This article demonstrates surgical procedures of gastroesophageal reflux with mice. These models are useful tools for research on mechanisms and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease and potentially Barrett&#8217;s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.

マウスを用いた胃食道逆流の外科モデル

Multiple surgical procedures have been reported to induce gastroesophageal reflux in animals. Herein, we report three surgical models with mice aiming to ...

Working with Human Tissues for Translational Cancer Research

Medical research for human benefit is greatly impeded by the necessity for human tissues and subjects. However, upon obtaining consent for human specimens, precious samples must be handled with the greatest care in order to ensure integrity of organs, tissues, and cells to the highest degree. Unfortunately, tissue processing by definition requires extraction of tissues from the host, a change which can cause great cellular stress and have major repercussions on subsequent analyses. These stresses could result in the specimen being no longer representative of the site from which it was retrieved. Therefore, a strict protocol must be adhered to while processing these specimens to ensure representativeness. The desired assay(s) must also be taken into consideration in order to ensure that an optimal technique is used for sample processing. Outlined here is a protocol for tissue retrieval, processing and various analyses which may be performed on processed tissue in order to maximize downstream production from limited tissue samples.

Translational cancer research is dependent on extraction of human tissues. Much work has gone into optimizing extraction methods for ex vivo analysis. Here, we describe tissue processing methods allowing for maximal data output from limited samples.

トランスレーショナルがん研究のためのヒト組織での作業

Medical research for human benefit is greatly impeded by the necessity for human tissues and subjects. However, upon obtaining consent for human ...

Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function

The oculomotor system involves a large number of brain areas including parts of the basal ganglia, and various neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's and Huntington's can disrupt it. People with Parkinson's disease, for example, tend to have increased saccadic latencies. Consequently, the quantitative measurement of saccadic eye movements has received considerable attention as a potential biomarker for neurodegenerative conditions. A lot more can be learned about the brain in both health and disease by observing what happens to eye movements when the function of specific brain areas is perturbed. Deep brain stimulation is a surgical intervention used for the management of a range of neurological conditions including Parkinson's disease, in which stimulating electrodes are placed in specific brain areas including several sites in the basal ganglia. Eye movement measurements can then be made with the stimulator systems both off and on and the results compared. With suitable experimental design, this approach can be used to study the pathophysiology of the disease being treated, the mechanism by which DBS exerts it beneficial effects, and even aspects of normal neurophysiology.

This paper describes the use of quantitative measurement of eye movements in conjunction with stimulation of focal areas of the deep brain in order to study physiology, pathophysiology, and the mechanisms of deep brain stimulation.

正常および病的脳機能を研究するために脳深部刺激でSaccadometryを使用します

The oculomotor system involves a large number of brain areas including parts of the basal ganglia, and various neurodegenerative diseases including ...

Intravital Microscopy of Tumor-associated Vasculature Using Advanced Dorsal Skinfold Window Chambers on Transgenic Fluorescent Mice

Tumor and tumor vessel development, as well as tumor response to therapeutics, are highly dynamic biological processes. Histology provides static information and is often not sufficient for a correct interpretation. Intravital evaluation, in which a process is followed in time, provides extra and often unexpected information. With the creation of transgenic animals expressing cell-specific markers and live cell tracers, improvements to imaging equipment, and the development of several imaging chambers, intravital microscopy has become an important tool to better understand biological processes. This paper describes an experimental design for the investigation of tumor vessel development and of therapeutic effects in a spatial and temporal manner. Using this setup, the stage of vessel development, tip cell and lumen formation, blood flow, extravasation, an established vascular bed, and vascular destruction can be visualized and followed. Furthermore, therapeutic effects, intratumoral fate, and the localization of chemotherapeutic compounds can also be followed.

This protocol describes the intravital imaging of transgenic mice expressing cell-specific fluorescent markers. Intravital imaging provides a non-invasive method for high-resolution observations in living animals using implantable windows through which the microscopic visualization of processes is possible. This method is especially useful to study longitudinal processes.

腫瘍関連血管系を使用しての生体顕微鏡が背高度な蛍光トランスジェニック マウスの皮下脂肪のウィンドウの部屋

Tumor and tumor vessel development, as well as tumor response to therapeutics, are highly dynamic biological processes. Histology provides static ...

Using In Vitro Live-cell Imaging to Explore Chemotherapeutics Delivered by Lipid-based Nanoparticles

Conventional imaging techniques can provide detailed information about cellular processes. However, this information is based on static images in an otherwise dynamic system, and successive phases are easily overlooked or misinterpreted. Live-cell imaging and time-lapse microscopy, in which living cells can be followed for hours or even days in a more or less continuous fashion, are therefore very informative. The protocol described here allows for the investigation of the fate of chemotherapeutic nanoparticles after the delivery of doxorubicin (dox) in living cells. Dox is an intercalating agent that must be released from its nanocarrier to become biologically active. In spite of its clinical registration for more than two decades, its uptake, breakdown, and drug release are still not fully understood. This article explores the hypothesis that lipid-based nanoparticles are taken up by the tumor cells and are slowly degraded. Released dox is then translocated to the nucleus. To prevent fixation artifacts, live-cell imaging and time-lapse microscopy, described in this experimental procedure, can be applied.

Using In Vitro Live-cell Imaging to Explore Chemotherapeutics Delivered by Lipid-based Nanoparticles

Live-cell imaging is a powerful tool to visualize dynamic processes. The examination of fixed cells provides only static pictures, which can lead to misinterpretation and confusion about the process. This work presents a method to study uptake, drug release, and intracellular localization of liposomal nanoparticles in living cells.

体外配信生細胞イメージング化学療法を探求する脂質ナノ粒子によってを使用してください。

Conventional imaging techniques can provide detailed information about cellular processes. However, this information is based on static images in an ...

Murine Model of Central Venous Stenosis using Aortocaval Fistula with an Outflow Stenosis

Central venous stenosis is an important entity contributing to arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure. A murine AVF model was modified to create a partial ligation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) in the outflow of the fistula, mimicking central venous stenosis. Technical aspects of this model are introduced. The aorta and IVC are exposed, following an abdominal incision. The infra-renal aorta and IVC are dissected for proximal clamping, and the distal aorta is exposed for puncture. The IVC at the midpoint between the left renal vein and the aortic bifurcation is carefully dissected to place an 8-0 suture beneath the IVC. After clamping the aorta and IVC, an AVF is created by puncturing the infra-renal aorta through both walls into the IVC with a 25 G needle, followed by ligating a 22 G intra-venous (IV) catheter and IVC together. The catheter is then removed, creating a reproducible venous stenosis without occlusion. The aorta and IVC are unclamped after confirming primary hemostasis. This novel model of central vein stenosis is easy to perform, reproducible, and will facilitate studies on AVF failure.

An aortocaval fistula was created by puncturing the murine infra-renal aorta through both walls into the inferior vena cava and was followed by creation of a stenosis in its outflow via partial ligation of the inferior vena cava. This reproducible model can be used to study central venous stenosis.

流出狭窄を伴う大軌道瘻を用した中枢静脈狭窄のマウスモデル

Central venous stenosis is an important entity contributing to arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure. A murine AVF model was modified to create a partial ...

Sleeve Gastrectomy in Mice using Surgical Clips

The number of people who are overweight and obese is continually increasing both in the adult and adolescent populations. This coincides with the increased universal phenomenon of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and other metabolic problems. Bariatric surgery, such as SG, is currently one of the most effective and commonly used long-term treatment for obesity and T2D, but the association between them is not completely explored yet. The mechanisms underlying the outcomes seen after bariatric surgery in humans can be investigated based on preclinical animal studies. The SG reduces body weight, glucose levels and many metabolic parameters, and is easy to perform with a low incidence of complications. The goal of this work is to provide a simple method and an uncomplicated preclinical model of bariatric surgery in animals for researchers.

The prevalence of diabetes and obesity is continuously increasing worldwide. The mechanisms between diabetes, obesity and their associated mortality and co-morbidities need to be further investigated. Here, we present a protocol for sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in animals as an uncomplicated preclinical model of bariatric surgery.

外科用クリップを用いたマウスにおけるスリーブ胃切れ術

The number of people who are overweight and obese is continually increasing both in the adult and adolescent populations. This coincides with the ...

A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs

More than half of heart failure (HF) cases are classified as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) worldwide. Large animal models are limited for investigating the fundamental mechanisms of HFpEF and identifying potential therapeutic targets. This work provides a detailed description of the surgical procedure of descending aortic constriction (DAC) in Tibetan minipigs to establish a large animal model of HFpEF. This model used a precisely controlled constriction of the descending aorta to induce chronic pressure overload in the left ventricle. Echocardiography was used to evaluate the morphological and functional changes in the heart. After 12 weeks of DAC stress, the ventricular septum was hypertrophic, but the thickness of the posterior wall was significantly reduced, accompanied by dilation of the left ventricle. However, the LV ejection fraction of the model hearts was maintained at &gt;50% during the 12-week period. Furthermore, the DAC model displayed cardiac damage, including fibrosis, inflammation, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Heart failure marker levels were significantly elevated in the DAC group. This DAC-induced HFpEF in minipigs is a powerful tool for investigating molecular mechanisms of this disease and for preclinical testing.

The present protocol describes a step-by-step procedure to establish a minipig model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction using descending aortic constriction. The methods for evaluating cardiac morphology, histology, and function of this disease model are also presented.

チベットミニブタの駆出率が保たれた心不全の外科的モデル

More than half of heart failure (HF) cases are classified as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) worldwide. Large animal models are ...

管形成術と外尿道口狭窄の外科的管理

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

非侵襲ハイパーサーミアがん治療のための金ナノ粒子と生体系とラジオ波の相互作用を評価するためのプロトコル

犬の口臭の管理のための栄養補助食品の治療有効性

マウスを用いた胃食道逆流の外科モデル

トランスレーショナルがん研究のためのヒト組織での作業

正常および病的脳機能を研究するために脳深部刺激でSaccadometryを使用します

腫瘍関連血管系を使用しての生体顕微鏡が背高度な蛍光トランスジェニックマウスの皮下脂肪のウィンドウの部屋

体外配信生細胞イメージング化学療法を探求する脂質ナノ粒子によってを使用してください。

流出狭窄を伴う大軌道瘻を用した中枢静脈狭窄のマウスモデル

外科用クリップを用いたマウスにおけるスリーブ胃切れ術

チベットミニブタの駆出率が保たれた心不全の外科的モデル

管形成術と外尿道口狭窄の外科的管理

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

非侵襲ハイパーサーミアがん治療のための金ナノ粒子と生体系とラジオ波の相互作用を評価するためのプロトコル

犬の口臭の管理のための栄養補助食品の治療有効性

マウスを用いた胃食道逆流の外科モデル

トランスレーショナルがん研究のためのヒト組織での作業

正常および病的脳機能を研究するために脳深部刺激でSaccadometryを使用します

腫瘍関連血管系を使用しての生体顕微鏡が背高度な蛍光トランスジェニック マウスの皮下脂肪のウィンドウの部屋

体外配信生細胞イメージング化学療法を探求する脂質ナノ粒子によってを使用してください。

流出狭窄を伴う大軌道瘻を用した中枢静脈狭窄のマウスモデル

外科用クリップを用いたマウスにおけるスリーブ胃切れ術

チベットミニブタの駆出率が保たれた心不全の外科的モデル

腫瘍関連血管系を使用しての生体顕微鏡が背高度な蛍光トランスジェニックマウスの皮下脂肪のウィンドウの部屋