この研究は、材料の研究と教育のための国立科学財団のパートナーシップ（PREM）助成番号DMR - 0934218によってサポートされていました。また、研究資源のためのナショナルセンターから受賞番号2G12RR013646 - 11によってサポートされていました。内容はもっぱら著者の責任であり、必ずしも研究資源や国立衛生研究所のためのナショナルセンターの公式見解を表すものではありません。

1。銀の種子の準備<ol><li>任意の質量を考慮し、脱イオン（DI）水10mLと混合し、硝酸銀（AgNO 3を ）のストック溶液を調製。ソリューションのモル濃度を計算する。光から分​​離するために暗い場所で解決してください。 </li><li> 5mMのソリューションを作るために純水10 mLにクエン酸ナトリウム三塩基の14.7ミリグラム（のNa 3 C 6 H 5 O 7）を追加します。粉体が溶解するまでバイアルを振とうする。 </li><li> 40mMの溶液を作るために純水10 mLを別のバイアルに水素化ホウ素ナトリウム（NaBH 4の ）の15.1 mgを追加します。すぐにバイアルを閉じます。そっと手で解決策を振ると氷とのビーカーに入れてください。冷蔵庫にビーカーを置き、（T1 = 0）タイマーを起動します。焼きたてのソリューションは、それを冷却するために十分な時間である15分に使用されます。 </li><li>硝酸銀、1.1）のストック溶液から、0.25 mMで10 mLを準備する。バイアルとstで攪拌磁石を配置攪拌技術。 </li><li> 1.4〜クエン酸ナトリウム三塩基性溶液を1.2））の0.25 mLを加える。 </li><li> t1で= 15分は冷蔵庫から、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム溶液を、1.3）を取り外します。 ）この溶液0.4mlを取ると1.5に追加ピペットを使用する。注：単一の迅速なストロークで解決策を追加。色が黄色に変わります。 5分のためのソリューションをかき混ぜる。 </li><li> = 20分の停止が攪拌t1で、バイアルから磁石を削除し、暗い場所でバイアルを保持。バイアルを閉じないでください。 </li><li>使用する前に、少なくとも2時間、室温で暗所で解決してください。好ましくは、準備から一週間以内に種子を使用してください。 </li></ol> 2。成長溶液の調製<ol><li> DIの水10 mLに140 mgを追加することにより、アスコルビン酸（C 6 H 8 O 6）の80 mMのを準備します。 </li><li>塩化金（HAuCl 4）の濃縮液を10 mLを準備します。ソリューションのモル濃度を計算する。 solutioしてくださいnは、光から分離。 </li><li> DI水20mlでバイアルに364 mgを追加することによって-臭化セチルトリメチルアンモニウム50mMの（C 19 H 42 BRN CTAB）の20mLを準備します。直ちにバイアルに攪拌しながら磁石を配置し、30℃暖かいプレート上で撹拌を開始℃にCTABの粉末を完全に溶解し、解決策は、プレートのヒーターをオフにするが、ステップ2.7を介して攪拌しておく透明になりますされた後）。 </li><li> 4.9x10 -2 mMの最終モル濃度を得るためのソリューション2.3）へのソリューション1.1）を追加します。 （T 2 = 0）タイマーを起動します。 </li><li> t 2において= 1分は0.25 mMの最終モル濃度を得るために2.4）へのソリューション2.2）を追加。 </li><li> T 2で= 2分）2.5、2.1、0.1 mL）を加える。溶液は無色になります。 </li><li> T 2で= 2分20秒、2.6は1.8の0.05 mL）を（銀の種）を追加します）。 15分間、懸濁液をかき混ぜる。サスペンションは、最初は青として茶色になります。 </li><li> T 2で= 17分は攪拌を停止、mを削除するagnetと24時間室温でサスペンションを保持。 </li></ol> 3。イメージング、特性評価や実験のためにCTABから金nanostarsの分離注：CTABは室温で結晶化することがあります。 30 ° Cに金コロイドアップ結晶の熱を溶解または結晶が溶解するまで、水道水ホットでバイアルを浸すために。 <ol><li> 2分間、懸濁液を超音波洗浄します。 </li><li> 730 RCFで5分間懸濁液を遠心分離します。 Nanostarsは、チューブの壁に蓄積されます。 </li><li> nanostarsを削除しないように注意しながらピペットでサスペンションの限りを削除します。 </li><li>管に純水を追加し、2分間超音波洗浄します。 </li><li> 460 RCFで3分間、懸濁液を遠心分離します。サスペンションは以下CTAB、従ってより低い遠心力がnanostarsを区別する必要が含まれています。 </li><li>ステップ3.3）および3.4​​）を繰り返します。 </li><li> 380 rcfで3分間停止し、遠心して純水を追加。 </li><li> Repea<html> tは3.3）と3.4）を繰り返します。 nanostarsは、イメージング、分光法、または実験のための準備が整いました。 </li></ol> 4。代表的な結果： 図1は、銀の種子JEOL 2010 - F TEMを用いて画像の透過型電子顕微鏡（TEM）像を示しています。種子は球形と15nmの平均サイズを持っている。金nanostarsは、電子顕微鏡（SEM）、スキャンモードで日立S - 5500を用いて画像化している。図2に提案手法を用いて合成nanostarsの増加倍率を示しています。星形の粒子がコロイド内のすべての粒子の約70％です。非整形式の星はdecahedraと菱形のアモルファスのクラスター（図示せず）のように表示されます。図3は、複数の単一の金nanostarsを示しています。 nanostarsの大きさは200nmから300nmの範囲であるとヒントの数は7から10に変化する。金はこの方法で合成されたナノ粒子の場合は合成後少なくとも1ヶ月間、その形状を保持CTABに残されます。 e_content&quot;&gt;我々はOlisケーリー- 14分光光度計を用いて銀種とnanostarsの吸収スペクトルを測定した。種子のピーク吸収は400nmにあった、nanostarsのピーク吸収は800 nmと850 nmの波長（図4の間にいた間）。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/3570/3570fig1.jpg" alt="図1" /> 図1銀の種子の透過型電子顕微鏡像。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/3570/3570fig2.jpg" alt="図2" /> 図2金nanostarsの電子顕微鏡写真をスキャン。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/3570/3570fig3.jpg" alt="図3" /> 図3。単金のnanostarsの電子顕微鏡像をスキャン。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/3570/3570fig4.jpg" alt="図6" /> 図4。正規化された吸収の銀種のスペクトル（破線）と、金nanostars（実線）。

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本研究では、銀の種子を使用して金nanostarsを合成する方法を提示している。我々は、銀の種子がnanostarsの70％の生産の歩留まりにあることが判明。 nanostarsは、800 nmと850 nmの7,23の間に集中彼らの表面プラズモン共鳴モードに相当する近赤外吸収ピークを、持っている。これらのプロパティのプロパティは、当社の金nanostarsは、24から26まで生物医学アプリケーションのための使?...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 試薬の名前 </td><td> 会社 </td><td> カタログ番号 </td><td> 純度 </td></tr><tr><td>クエン酸ナトリウム三塩基性脱水</td><td>シグマ</td><td> S4641 </td><td> 99.0パーセント</td></tr><tr><td>硝酸銀</td><td>アルドリッチ</td><td> 204390 </td><td> 99.9999パーセント</td></tr><tr><td>水素化ホウ素ナトリウム</td><td>アルドリッチ</td><td> 213462 </td><td> 99パーセント</td></tr><tr><td> L -アスコルビン酸</td><td>シグマアルドリッチ</td><td> 255564 </td><td> 99 +％ </td></tr><tr><td>ゴールド塩化物三水和物</td><td>アルドリッチ</td><td> 520918 </td><td> 99.9 +％ </td></tr><tr><td>臭化ヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウム（CTAB） </td><td>シグマ</td><td> H6269 </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 機器の名前 </td><td> 会社 </stチョロン&gt; </td><td> コメント </td></tr><tr><td> JEOL 2010 - F </td><td> JEOL </td><td>透過型電子顕微鏡</td></tr><tr><td>日立S - 5500 </td><td>日立</td><td>電子顕微鏡、スキャンモードで使用</td></tr><tr><td> Olisキャリー- 14分光光度計</td><td> Olis </td><td>分光光度計</td></tr></tbody></table>

gold nanostar synthesis with a silver seed mediated growth method

ナノスケールコロイドの物理的、化学的および光学的性質は、材料組成、サイズと形状1-5依存する。光熱アブレーション、薬物送達や他の多くの生物医学アプリケーション6のナノコロイドを使用する際の大きな関心があります。ゴールドは、特にその低毒性7-9の使用されています。金属ナノコロイドの性質は、強い表面プラズモン共鳴10を持つことができるということです。表面プラズモン共鳴モードのピークは、金属ナノコロイドの構造と組成に依存する。表面プラズモン共鳴モードが光で刺激されているため、生体組織の透過率が11、12が最大となる場所の近くに赤外線でピーク吸光度を持っている必要がある。 我々はまた、星形ナノ粒子13から15またはnanostars 16として知られる星形のコロイド金を、合成する方法を提示する。このメソッドは、に基づいている金コロイドの17から22の異方成長のための核剤として使用される銀の種子を含むolution。その結果、金コロイドの走査型電子顕微鏡（SEM）の分析では、ナノ構造の70％がnanostarsであることを示した。粒子の他の30％がdecahedraと菱形のアモルファスのクラスターであった。 nanostarsの吸収ピークは（840 nm）の近赤外であることが検出された。したがって、我々の手法は、特に光熱アブレーションのために、生物医学アプリケーションに適した金nanostarsを生成します。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Gold Nanostar Synthesis with a Silver Seed Mediated Growth Method at JoVE.com

Gold Nanostar Synthesis with a Silver Seed Mediated Growth Method

我々はシルバーシード媒介成長法を用いて星状の金nanostarsを合成した。 nanostarsの直径は200〜300nmの範囲であるとヒントの数は7から10に変化する。ナノ粒子は、近赤外を中心に幅広い表面プラズモン共鳴のモードを持っている。

シルバーシード媒介成長法によるゴールドNanostarの合成

The physical, chemical and optical properties of nano-scale colloids depend on their material composition, size and shape 1-5. There is a great interest ...

gold-nanostar-synthesis-with-a-silver-seed-mediated-growth-method

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

24.9K ビュー.  The University of Texas at San Antonio. 我々はシルバーシード媒介成長法を用いて星状の金nanostarsを合成した。 nanostarsの直径は200〜300nmの範囲であるとヒントの数は7から10に変化する。ナノ粒子は、近赤外を中心に幅広い表面プラズモン共鳴のモードを持っている。

ビデオ: Gold Nanostar Synthesis with a Silver Seed Mediated Growth Method

Axon Stretch Growth: The Mechanotransduction of Neuronal Growth

During pre-synaptic embryonic development, neuronal processes traverse short distances to reach their targets via growth cone. Over time, neuronal somata are separated from their axon terminals due to skeletal growth of the enlarging organism (Weiss 1941; Gray, Hukkanen et al. 1992). This mechanotransduction induces a secondary mode of neuronal growth capable of accommodating continual elongation of the axon (Bray 1984; Heidemann and Buxbaum 1994; Heidemann, Lamoureux et al. 1995; Pfister, Iwata et al. 2004).
Axon Stretch Growth (ASG) is conceivably a central factor in the maturation of short embryonic processes into the long nerves and white matter tracts characteristic of the adult nervous system. To study ASG in vitro, we engineered bioreactors to apply tension to the short axonal processes of neuronal cultures (Loverde, Ozoka et al. 2011). Here, we detail the methods we use to prepare bioreactors and conduct ASG. First, within each stretching lane of the bioreactor, neurons are plated upon a micro-manipulated towing substrate. Next, neurons regenerate their axonal processes, via growth cone extension, onto a stationary substrate. Finally, stretch growth is performed by towing the plated cell bodies away from the axon terminals adhered to the stationary substrate; recapitulating skeletal growth after growth cone extension.
Previous work has shown that ASG of embryonic rat dorsal root ganglia neurons are capable of unprecedented growth rates up to 10mm/day, reaching lengths of up to 10cm; while concurrently resulting in increased axonal diameters (Smith, Wolf et al. 2001; Pfister, Iwata et al. 2004; Pfister, Bonislawski et al. 2006; Pfister, Iwata et al. 2006; Smith 2009). This is in dramatic contrast to regenerative growth cone extension (in absence of mechanical stimuli) where growth rates average 1mm/day with successful regeneration limited to lengths of less than 3cm (Fu and Gordon 1997; Pfister, Gordon et al. 2011). Accordingly, further study of ASG may help to reveal dysregulated growth mechanisms that limit regeneration in the absence of mechanical stimuli.

A unique tissue engineering method was developed to elongate numerous nerve fibers in culture by recapitulating axon stretch growth; a form of nervous system growth whereby nerves elongate in conjunction with growth of the enlarging body.

軸索のストレッチの成長：神経成長のメカノトランスダ

During pre-synaptic embryonic development, neuronal processes traverse short distances to reach their targets via growth cone. Over time, neuronal somata ...

生物工学

Synthesis, Assembly, and Characterization of Monolayer Protected Gold Nanoparticle Films for Protein Monolayer Electrochemistry

Colloidal gold nanoparticles protected with alkanethiolate ligands called monolayer protected gold clusters (MPCs) are synthesized and subsequently incorporated into film assemblies that serve as adsorption platforms for protein monolayer electrochemistry (PME). PME is utilized as the model system for studying electrochemical properties of redox proteins by confining them to an adsorption platform at a modified electrode, which also serves as a redox partner for electron transfer (ET) reactions. Studies have shown that gold nanoparticle film assemblies of this nature provide for a more homogeneous protein adsorption environment and promote ET without distance dependence compared to the more traditional systems modified with alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAM).1-3 In this paper, MPCs functionalized with hexanethiolate ligands are synthesized using a modified Brust reaction4 and characterized with ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). MPC films are assembled on SAM modified gold electrode interfaces by using a "dip cycle" method of alternating MPC layers and dithiol linking molecules. Film growth at gold electrode is tracked electrochemically by measuring changes to the double layer charging current of the system. Analogous films assembled on silane modified glass slides allow for optical monitoring of film growth and cross-sectional TEM analysis provides an estimated film thickness. During film assembly, manipulation of the MPC ligand protection as well as the interparticle linkage mechanism allow for networked films, that are readily adaptable, to interface with redox protein having different adsorption mechanism. For example, Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin (AZ) can be adsorbed hydrophobically to dithiol-linked films of hexanethiolate MPCs and cytochrome c (cyt c) can be immobilized electrostatically at a carboxylic acid modified MPC interfacial layer. In this report, we focus on the film protocol for the AZ system exclusively. Investigations involving the adsorption of proteins on MPC modified synthetic platforms could further the understanding of interactions between biomolecules and man-made materials, and consequently aid the development of biosensor schemes, ET modeling systems, and synthetic biocompatible materials.5-8

Alkanethiolate stabilized gold colloids known as monolayer protected clusters (MPCs) are synthesized, characterized, and assembled into thin films as an adsorption interface for protein monolayer electrochemistry of simple redox protein like Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin (AZ) and cytochrome c (cyt c).

合成、組立、および単分子膜のキャラクタリゼーションは、タンパク質単分子層の電気化学のための金ナノ粒子膜を保護

Colloidal gold nanoparticles protected with alkanethiolate ligands called monolayer protected gold clusters (MPCs) are synthesized and subsequently ...

Observing and Quantifying Fibroblast-mediated Fibrin Gel Compaction

Cells embedded in collagen and fibrin gels attach and exert traction forces on the fibers of the gel. These forces can lead to local and global reorganization and realignment of the gel microstructure. This process proceeds in a complex manner that is dependent in part on the interplay between the location of the cells, the geometry of the gel, and the mechanical constraints on the gel. To better understand how these variables produce global fiber alignment patterns, we use time-lapse differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy coupled with an environmentally controlled bioreactor to observe the compaction process between geometrically spaced explants (clusters of fibroblasts). The images are then analyzed with a custom image processing algorithm to obtain maps of the strain. The information obtained from this technique can be used to probe the mechanobiology of various cell-matrix interactions, which has important implications for understanding processes in wound healing, disease development, and tissue engineering applications.

Time-lapse microscopy and image processing techniques were used to observe and analyze fibroblast-mediated gel compaction and fibrin fiber realignment in an environmentally controlled bioreactor over a 48 hr&#160;period.

線維芽細胞媒介フィブリンゲル圧縮の観察と定量

Cells embedded in collagen and fibrin gels attach and exert traction forces on the fibers of the gel. These forces can lead to local and global ...

Synthesis of an Intein-mediated Artificial Protein Hydrogel

We present the synthesis of a highly stable protein hydrogel mediated by a split-intein-catalyzed protein trans-splicing reaction. The building blocks of this hydrogel are two protein block-copolymers each containing a subunit of a trimeric protein that serves as a crosslinker and one half of a split intein. A highly hydrophilic random coil is inserted into one of the block-copolymers for water retention. Mixing of the two protein block copolymers triggers an intein trans-splicing reaction, yielding a polypeptide unit with crosslinkers at either end that rapidly self-assembles into a hydrogel. This hydrogel is very stable under both acidic and basic conditions, at temperatures up to 50 &#176;C, and in organic solvents. The hydrogel rapidly reforms after shear-induced rupture. Incorporation of a &#34;docking station peptide&#34; into the hydrogel building block enables convenient incorporation of &#34;docking protein&#34;-tagged target proteins. The hydrogel is compatible with tissue culture growth media, supports the diffusion of 20 kDa molecules, and enables the immobilization of bioactive globular proteins. The application of the intein-mediated protein hydrogel as an organic-solvent-compatible biocatalyst was demonstrated by encapsulating the horseradish peroxidase enzyme and corroborating its activity.

We present the synthesis of a split-intein-mediated protein hydrogel. The building blocks of this hydrogel are two protein copolymers each containing a subunit of a trimeric protein that serves as a crosslinker and one half of a split intein. Mixing of the two protein copolymers triggers an intein trans-splicing reaction, yielding a polypeptide unit that self-assembles into a hydrogel. This hydrogel is highly pH- and temperature-stable, compatible with organic solvents, and easily incorporates functional globular proteins.

インテイン媒介人工タンパク質ヒドロゲルの合成

We present the synthesis of a highly stable protein hydrogel mediated by a split-intein-catalyzed protein trans-splicing reaction. The building blocks of ...

Formation of Biomembrane Microarrays with a Squeegee-based Assembly Method

Lipid bilayer membranes form the plasma membranes of cells and define the boundaries of subcellular organelles. In nature, these membranes are heterogeneous mixtures of many types of lipids, contain membrane-bound proteins and are decorated with carbohydrates. In some experiments, it is desirable to decouple the biophysical or biochemical properties of the lipid bilayer from those of the natural membrane. Such cases call for the use of model systems such as giant vesicles, liposomes or supported lipid bilayers (SLBs). Arrays of SLBs are particularly attractive for sensing applications and mimicking cell-cell interactions. Here we describe a new method for forming SLB arrays. Submicron-diameter SiO2 beads are first coated with lipid bilayers to form spherical SLBs (SSLBs). The beads are then deposited into an array of micro-fabricated submicron-diameter microwells. The preparation technique uses a "squeegee" to clean the substrate surface, while leaving behind SSLBs that have settled into microwells. This method requires no chemical modification of the microwell substrate, nor any particular targeting ligands on the SSLB. Microwells are occupied by single beads because the well diameter is tuned to be just larger than the bead diameter. Typically, more 75% of the wells are occupied, while the rest remain empty. In buffer SSLB arrays display long-term stability of greater than one week. Multiple types of SSLBs can be placed in a single array by serial deposition, and the arrays can be used for sensing, which we demonstrate by characterizing the interaction of cholera toxin with ganglioside GM1. We also show that phospholipid vesicles without the bead supports and biomembranes from cellular sources can be arrayed with the same method and cell-specific membrane lipids can be identified.

Supported lipid bilayers and natural membrane particles are convenient systems that can approximate the properties of cell membranes and be incorporated in a variety of analytical strategies. Here we demonstrate a method for preparing microarrays composed of supported lipid bilayer-coated SiO2 beads, phospholipid vesicles or natural membrane particles.

スキージベースアセンブリ法による生体膜マイクロアレイの形成

Lipid bilayer membranes form the plasma membranes of cells and define the boundaries of subcellular organelles. In nature, these membranes are ...

Synthesis of Keratin-based Nanofiber for Biomedical Engineering

Electrospinning, due to its versatility and potential for applications in various fields, is being frequently used to fabricate nanofibers. Production of these porous nanofibers is of great interest due to their unique physiochemical properties. Here we elaborate on the fabrication of keratin containing poly (&#949;-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers (i.e., PCL/keratin composite fiber). Water soluble keratin was first extracted from human hair and mixed with PCL in different ratios. The blended solution of PCL/keratin was transformed into nanofibrous membranes using a laboratory designed electrospinning set up. Fiber morphology and mechanical properties of the obtained nanofiber were observed and measured using scanning electron microscopy and tensile tester. Furthermore, degradability and chemical properties of the nanofiber were studied by FTIR. SEM images showed uniform surface morphology for PCL/keratin fibers of different compositions. These PCL/keratin fibers also showed excellent mechanical properties such as Young&#39;s modulus and failure point. Fibroblast cells were able to attach and proliferate thus proving good cell viability. Based on the characteristics discussed above, we can strongly argue that the blended nanofibers of natural and synthetic polymers can represent an excellent development of composite materials that can be used for different biomedical applications.

Electrospun nanofibers have a high surface area to weight ratio, excellent mechanical integrity, and support cell growth and proliferation. These nanofibers have a wide range of biomedical applications. Here we fabricate keratin/ PCL nanofibers, using the electrospinning technique, and characterize the fibers for possible applications in tissue engineering.

医工学のためのケラチンベースのナノファイバーの合成

Electrospinning, due to its versatility and potential for applications in various fields, is being frequently used to fabricate nanofibers. Production of ...

Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticle Integrated Photo-responsive Liposomes and Measurement of Their Microbubble Cavitation upon Pulse Laser Excitation

Photo-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) have received considerable attention because of their potential in providing spatial, temporal, and dosage control over the drug release. However, most of the relevant technologies are still in the development process and are unprocurable by clinics. Here, we describe a facile fabrication of these photo-responsive NPs with commercially available gold NPs and thermo-responsive liposomes. Calcein is used as a model drug to evaluate the encapsulation efficiency and the release kinetic profile upon heat/light stimulation. Finally, we show that this photo-triggered release is due to the membrane disruption caused by microbubble cavitation, which can be measured with hydrophone.

This protocol describes a simple preparation method for gold nanoparticle integrated photo-responsive liposomes with the commercially available materials. It also shows how to measure the microbubble cavitation process of the synthesized liposomes upon the treatment of pulsed laser.

パルスレーザー励起時の金ナノ粒子の統合フォト応答性リポソームとそのマイクロバブルキャビテーションの測定の合成

Photo-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) have received considerable attention because of their potential in providing spatial, temporal, and dosage control ...

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification

Hydrogels have been widely utilized to enhance the surface hydrophilicity of membranes for water purification, increasing the antifouling properties and thus achieving stable water permeability through membranes over time. Here, we report a facile method to prepare hydrogels based on zwitterions for membrane applications. Freestanding films can be prepared from sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) with a crosslinker of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) via photopolymerization. The hydrogels can also be prepared by impregnation into hydrophobic porous supports to enhance the mechanical strength. These films can be characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) to determine the degree of conversion of the (meth)acrylate groups, using goniometers for hydrophilicity and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for polymer chain dynamics. We also report protocols to determine the water permeability in dead-end filtration systems and the effect of foulants (bovine serum albumin, BSA) on membrane performance.

This paper reports practical methods to prepare hydrogels in freestanding films and impregnated membranes and to characterize their physical properties, including water transport properties.

水質浄化のための膜のような防汚特性を持つハイドロゲルの合成

Hydrogels have been widely utilized to enhance the surface hydrophilicity of membranes for water purification, increasing the antifouling properties and ...

Synthesis of Functionalized 10-nm Polymer-coated Gold Particles for Endothelium Targeting and Drug Delivery

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used extensively in medical research due to their size, biocompatibility, and modifiable surface. Specific targeting and drug delivery are some of the applications of these AuNPs, but endothelial extracellular matrices&#39; defensive properties hamper particle uptake. To address this issue, we describe a synthesis method for ultrasmall gold nanoparticles to improve vascular delivery, with customizable functional groups and polymer lengths for further adjustments. The protocol yields 2.5 nm AuNPs that are capped with tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC). The replacement of THPC with hetero-functional polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the surface of the AuNP increases the hydrodynamic radius to 10.5 nm while providing various functional groups on the surface. The last part of the protocol includes an optional addition of a fluorophore to allow the AuNPs to be visualized under fluorescence to track nanoparticle uptake. Dialysis and lyophilization were used to purify and isolate the AuNPs. These fluorescent nanoparticles can be visualized in both in vitro and in vivo experiments due to the biocompatible PEG coating and fluorescent probes. Additionally, the size range of these nanoparticles render them an ideal candidate for probing the glycocalyx without disrupting normal vasculature function, which may lead to improved delivery and therapeutics.

We describe a method of synthesizing biocompatible 10-nm gold nanoparticles, functionalized by coating poly-ethylene glycol onto the surface. These particles can be used in vitro and in vivo for delivering therapeutics to nanoscale cellular and extracellular spaces that are difficult to access with conventional nanoparticle sizes.

粒子の合成機能 10 nm ポリマー コーティング金対象化、血管内皮細胞とドラッグデリバリー

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used extensively in medical research due to their size, biocompatibility, and modifiable surface. Specific targeting ...

Synthesis of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified with Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activities and Cytotoxic Properties

In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were treated with an aqueous sulfuric acid solution to form an oxygen-based functional group. Silver MWCNTs were prepared by the reductive deposition of silver from an aqueous solution of AgNO3 on the oxidized MWCNTs. Given the unique color of the CNTs, it was not possible to apply them to the minimum inhibitory concentration or mitochondrial toxicity assays to evaluate the toxicity and antibacterial properties, since they would interfere with the assays. The inhibition zone and minimum bactericidal concentration for the Ag-MWCNTs were measured and Live/Dead and Trypan Blue assays were used to measure the toxicity and antibacterial properties without interfering with the color of the CNTs.

In this study, antimicrobial nanomaterials were synthesized by acidic oxidation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and subsequent reductive deposition of silver nanoparticles. Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity tests were performed with the as-prepared nanomaterials.

銀ナノ粒子とその抗菌活性と細胞毒性の評価変更多層カーボンナノ チューブの合成

In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were treated with an aqueous sulfuric acid solution to form an oxygen-based functional group. Silver ...