Bu araştırma, Ulusal Bilim Vakfı Malzemeler Araştırma ve Eğitim Ortaklıkları (PREM) Hibe No DMR-0.934.218 tarafından desteklenen oldu. Aynı zamanda Ulusal Araştırma Kaynakları Merkezi Ödülü Numarası 2G12RR013646-11 tarafından desteklenmiştir. Içeriği sadece yazarların sorumluluğundadır ve mutlaka, Ulusal Araştırma Kaynakları ve Ulusal Sağlık Enstitüleri için Merkezi resmi görüşlerini temsil etmemektedir.

1. Gümüş tohum hazırlama <ol><li> Keyfi bir kitle alarak ve 10 ml deiyonize (DI) su ile karıştırılarak gümüş nitrat (AgNO 3) stok solüsyonu hazırlayın. Çözüm molarite hesaplayın. Çözüm ışıktan izole etmek için karanlık bir yerde tutun. </li><li> 5 mM çözüm yapmak için DI su 10 ml sodyum sitrat tribasic 14.7 mg (Na 3 C 6 H 5 O 7) ekleyin. Flakon, toz eriyene kadar çalkalayın. </li><li> 40 mM çözüm yapmak için başka bir flakon, 10 ml DI su ile 15.1 mg sodyum bor hidrür (NaBH 4) ekleyin . Flakon hemen kapatın. Çözüm elle hafifçe sallamak ve buz ile bir behere koyun. Buzdolabında behere koyun ve (t1 = 0) bir zamanlayıcı başlatmak. 15 dakika soğuması için yeterli zaman kullanılan taze yapılmış bir çözüm olacaktır. </li><li> Gümüş nitrat, 1.1) stok solüsyonu, 0.25 mM 10 ml hazırlamak. Flakon ve st bir karıştırma mıknatıs yerleştirin.sanat karıştırma. </li><li> 0.25 mL 1.4 sodyum sitrat tribasic çözüm, 1,2)) ekleyin. </li><li> At t 1 = 15 dakika, buzdolabı, sodyum bor hidrür çözeltisi, 1.3) çıkarın . Bu çözümün bir pipet 0,4 mL) 1.5 eklemek kullanma. Not: tek bir hızlı inme çözüm ekleyin. Rengi sarıya dönecektir. Çözüm için 5 dakika karıştırın. </li><li> At t 1 = 20 dakika durdurmak karıştırma, şişeden mıknatıs kaldırmak flakon ve karanlık bir yerde saklayın. Flakon kapatmayın. </li><li> Kullanmadan önce en az 2 saat oda sıcaklığında karanlık bir çözüm tutun. Tercihen hazırlanması bir hafta içinde tohum kullanın. </li></ol> 2. Büyüme çözeltisi <ol><li> 140 mg 10 ml DI su ekleyerek 80 mM askorbik asit (C 6 H 8 O 6) hazırlayın. </li><li> 10 ml konsantre altın klorür (HAuCl 4) bir çözüm hazırlayın. Çözümün molarite hesaplayın. Eriyik tutunn ışıktan izole edilmiştir. </li><li> DI su 20 ml flakon 364 mg ekleyerek cetyltrimethylammonium bromür 50 mM (C 19 H 42 BRN CTAB) 20 ml hazırlayın. Hemen şişenin içine karıştırarak mıknatıs yer ve sıcak bir plaka üzerinde karıştırarak 30 ° C CTAB toz tamamen eriyene ve çözüm şeffaf plaka ısıtıcı kapatmak ama adım 2.7 ile karıştırmaya devam) olur sonra. </li><li> 4.9x10 -2 mM son bir molarite elde etmek için çözüm 2.3) çözüm 1.1) ekleyin. (T 2 = 0) bir zamanlayıcı başlayın. </li><li> At t 2 = 1 dak 0.25 mM son bir molarite çözüm elde etmek için 2.4) 2.2) ekleyin. </li><li> T 2 = 2 dak) 2.5 2.1 0.1 mL) ekleyin. Çözelti renksiz dönecek. </li><li> T 2 = 2 dk 20 sn) 2.6 1.8 0.05 mL) (gümüş tohumları) ekleyebilirsiniz. Süspansiyon 15 dakika karıştırın. Süspansiyon başlangıçta mavi ve kahverengi sonra dönecek. </li><li> At t 2 = 17 dakika durdurmak karıştırma, m kaldırmakagnet ve süspansiyon 24 saat boyunca oda sıcaklığında tutmak. </li></ol> 3. Görüntüleme, karakterizasyonu ve deneyler için CTAB altın Nanostars ayırmak Not: CTAB oda sıcaklığında kristalize olabilir. Altın kolloid kadar kristalleri ısı 30 ° C çözülür veya kristallerin çözünmesi kadar sıcak çeşme suyu flakon batırmayın. <ol><li> 2 dakika süreyle askıya alınması sonikasyon. </li><li> 730 RCF az 5 dakika süspansiyon santrifüjleyin. Nanostars tüpün duvarında birikir. </li><li> Süspansiyon kadar özen Nanostars kaldırmak için bir pipet yardımıyla çıkarın. </li><li> Tüp DI su ekleyin ve 2 dakika sonikasyon. </li><li> 460 RCF az 3 dakika süreyle askıya alma santrifüjleyin. Süspansiyon az CTAB içerir, bu nedenle daha düşük merkezkaç kuvveti Nanostars ayırmak için gereklidir. </li><li> Adımları 3.3) ve 3.4 tekrarlayın). </li><li> Süspansiyon ve 380 RCF az 3 dakika süreyle santrifüj DI su ekleyin. </li><li> Repea<html> t 3.3) ve 3.4) adım. Nanostars görüntüleme, spektroskopi, deneyler için hazır. </li></ol> 4. Temsilcisi sonuçları: Şekil 1 JEOL 2010-F TEM kullanarak görüntülü gümüş tohum transmisyon elektron mikroskobu (TEM) görüntüleri gösterir. Tohumların, küresel bir şekil ve bir ortalama büyüklüğü 15 nm var. Altın Nanostars Hitachi kullanarak görüntülü S-5500 taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) modu. Şekil 2 yöntemi ile sentezlenen Nanostars artan büyütmelerde gösterir. Yıldız şeklinde parçacıklar kolloid tüm parçacıkların yaklaşık% 70. Sigara kurulan yıldızlar decahedra ve rhomboids amorf kümeleri (gösterilmemiştir) gibi görünür. Şekil 3 birkaç tek altın Nanostars gösterir. 200 nm ile 300 nm ve ipuçları sayısı Nanostars aralıklarının büyüklüğü 7 ila 10 arasında değişir. Altın sentezden sonra en az 1 ay boyunca kendi şeklini koruyan bu yöntemi CTAB sol tarafından sentezlenen nanopartiküller. e_content &quot;&gt; Biz bir Olis Cary-14 spektrofotometre kullanılarak gümüş tohum ve Nanostars emilimini spektrumları ölçülür. tohumların pik emilim 400 nm, 800 nm ile 850 nm (Şekil 4 arasında iken Nanostars pik emilim .) <img src="/files/ftp_upload/3570/3570fig1.jpg" alt="Şekil 1" /> Şekil 1 gümüş tohum Transmisyon elektron mikroskobu görüntüleri. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/3570/3570fig2.jpg" alt="Şekil 2" /> Şekil 2 Tarama altın Nanostars elektron mikroskobu görüntüleri. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/3570/3570fig3.jpg" alt="Şekil 3" /> Şekil 3 Taramalı elektron mikroskobu görüntüleri tek altın Nanostars. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/3570/3570fig4.jpg" alt="Şekil 6" /> Şekil 4 Normalize emme gümüş tohum spektrumu (kesikli çizgi) ve altınNanostars (düz çizgi).

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Çıkar çatışması ilan etti.

Bu çalışmada biz altın Nanostars gümüş tohum kullanarak sentezlemek için bir yöntem sunduk. Biz gümüş tohum verimi% 70 üretim Nanostars yol açtığını buldu. Nanostars yüzey plazmon rezonans modu karşılık gelen 800 nm ve 850 nm 7, 23 arasında merkezli yakın kızılötesi emme tepe, var. Bu özellikler özellikleri altın Nanostars foto-termal ablasyon gibi 24-26 biyomedikal uygulamalar için kullanımına izin. Yöntemi arasında büyük bir fark b...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Reaktifi Adı </td><td> Şirket </td><td> Katalog numarası </td><td> Saflık </td></tr><tr><td> Sodyum sitrat tribasic dihidrat </td><td> Sigma </td><td> S4641 </td><td> % 99.0 </td></tr><tr><td> Gümüş nitrat </td><td> Aldrich </td><td> 204390 </td><td> % 99.9999 </td></tr><tr><td> Sodyum bor hidrür </td><td> Aldrich </td><td> 213462 </td><td> % 99 </td></tr><tr><td> L-Askorbik asit </td><td> Sigma-Aldrich </td><td> 255564 </td><td> 99 +% </td></tr><tr><td> Altın klorür trihidrat </td><td> Aldrich </td><td> 520918 </td><td> 99.9 +% </td></tr><tr><td> Hekzadesiltrimetilamonyum bromür (STAB) </td><td> Sigma </td><td> H6269 </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Ekipman Adı </td><td> Şirket </stRong&gt; </td><td> Yorumlar </td></tr><tr><td> JEOL 2010-F </td><td> JEOL </td><td> Geçirimli elektron mikroskobu </td></tr><tr><td> Hitachi G-5500 </td><td> Hitachi </td><td> Elektron mikroskobu tarama modu kullanılır. </td></tr><tr><td> Olis Cary-14 spektrofotometre </td><td> Olis </td><td> Spektrofotometre </td></tr></tbody></table>

gold nanostar synthesis with a silver seed mediated growth method

Nano ölçekli kolloidler fiziksel, kimyasal ve optik özellikleri, malzeme bileşimi, boyut ve şekil 1-5 bağlıdır . Foto-termal ablasyon, uyuşturucu dağıtımı ve diğer pek çok biyomedikal uygulamaları 6 nano-kolloidler kullanarak büyük bir ilgi var. Altın özellikle düşük toksisite 7-9 kullanılır. Metal nano-kolloidler bir özellik, güçlü bir yüzeye plazmon rezonans 10 sahip olmasıdır . Yüzey plazmon rezonans modu zirve metal nano-kolloidler yapısı ve kompozisyon bağlıdır. Yüzey plazmon rezonans modu ışık ile uyarılır olduğundan biyolojik doku geçirgenlik 11, 12 maksimum olduğu yakın kızılötesi pik absorbans ihtiyaç vardır. Biz yıldız şeklinde nanopartiküller 13-15 veya Nanostars 16 olarak da bilinen yıldız şeklinde kolloidal altın, sentezlemek için bir yöntem sunar . Bu yöntemi olarak dayanmaktadıranizotropik büyüme için altın kolloidler 17-22 çekirdeklenme ajan olarak kullanılan gümüş tohumları içeren tanıyamıyor. Çıkan altın kolloid Taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) analizleri nanoyapıların% 70 Nanostars olduğunu gösterdi. Parçacıkların% 30 diğer decahedra ve rhomboids amorf kümeleri vardı. Nanostars absorbans zirve, yakın kızıl ötesi (840 nm) olarak tespit edildi. Böylece, yöntem, özellikle foto-termal ablasyon, biyomedikal uygulamalar için uygun altın Nanostars üretir.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Gold Nanostar Synthesis with a Silver Seed Mediated Growth Method at JoVE.com

Gold Nanostar Synthesis with a Silver Seed Mediated Growth Method

Biz yıldız biçimli altın Nanostars gümüş tohum aracılı büyüme yöntemi kullanılarak sentezlendi. Nanostars çapı 200 ila 300 nm arasında değişir ve ipuçları sayısı 7 ila 10 arasında değişmektedir. Nanopartiküller, yakın kızılötesi merkezli geniş bir yüzey plazmon rezonans modu var.

Gümüş Tohum aracılığı Büyüme Yöntemi ile Altın Nanostar Sentezi

The physical, chemical and optical properties of nano-scale colloids depend on their material composition, size and shape 1-5. There is a great interest ...

gold-nanostar-synthesis-with-a-silver-seed-mediated-growth-method

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

24.9K Görüntüleme.  The University of Texas at San Antonio. Biz yıldız biçimli altın Nanostars gümüş tohum aracılı büyüme yöntemi kullanılarak sentezlendi. Nanostars çapı 200 ila 300 nm arasında değişir ve ipuçları sayısı 7 ila 10 arasında değişmektedir. Nanopartiküller, yakın kızılötesi merkezli geniş bir yüzey plazmon rezonans modu var.

Video: Gold Nanostar Synthesis with a Silver Seed Mediated Growth Method

Axon Stretch Growth: The Mechanotransduction of Neuronal Growth

During pre-synaptic embryonic development, neuronal processes traverse short distances to reach their targets via growth cone. Over time, neuronal somata are separated from their axon terminals due to skeletal growth of the enlarging organism (Weiss 1941; Gray, Hukkanen et al. 1992). This mechanotransduction induces a secondary mode of neuronal growth capable of accommodating continual elongation of the axon (Bray 1984; Heidemann and Buxbaum 1994; Heidemann, Lamoureux et al. 1995; Pfister, Iwata et al. 2004).
Axon Stretch Growth (ASG) is conceivably a central factor in the maturation of short embryonic processes into the long nerves and white matter tracts characteristic of the adult nervous system. To study ASG in vitro, we engineered bioreactors to apply tension to the short axonal processes of neuronal cultures (Loverde, Ozoka et al. 2011). Here, we detail the methods we use to prepare bioreactors and conduct ASG. First, within each stretching lane of the bioreactor, neurons are plated upon a micro-manipulated towing substrate. Next, neurons regenerate their axonal processes, via growth cone extension, onto a stationary substrate. Finally, stretch growth is performed by towing the plated cell bodies away from the axon terminals adhered to the stationary substrate; recapitulating skeletal growth after growth cone extension.
Previous work has shown that ASG of embryonic rat dorsal root ganglia neurons are capable of unprecedented growth rates up to 10mm/day, reaching lengths of up to 10cm; while concurrently resulting in increased axonal diameters (Smith, Wolf et al. 2001; Pfister, Iwata et al. 2004; Pfister, Bonislawski et al. 2006; Pfister, Iwata et al. 2006; Smith 2009). This is in dramatic contrast to regenerative growth cone extension (in absence of mechanical stimuli) where growth rates average 1mm/day with successful regeneration limited to lengths of less than 3cm (Fu and Gordon 1997; Pfister, Gordon et al. 2011). Accordingly, further study of ASG may help to reveal dysregulated growth mechanisms that limit regeneration in the absence of mechanical stimuli.

A unique tissue engineering method was developed to elongate numerous nerve fibers in culture by recapitulating axon stretch growth; a form of nervous system growth whereby nerves elongate in conjunction with growth of the enlarging body.

Akson Streç Büyüme: Nöronal Büyüme Mechanotransduction

During pre-synaptic embryonic development, neuronal processes traverse short distances to reach their targets via growth cone. Over time, neuronal somata ...

Biyomühendislik

Synthesis, Assembly, and Characterization of Monolayer Protected Gold Nanoparticle Films for Protein Monolayer Electrochemistry

Colloidal gold nanoparticles protected with alkanethiolate ligands called monolayer protected gold clusters (MPCs) are synthesized and subsequently incorporated into film assemblies that serve as adsorption platforms for protein monolayer electrochemistry (PME). PME is utilized as the model system for studying electrochemical properties of redox proteins by confining them to an adsorption platform at a modified electrode, which also serves as a redox partner for electron transfer (ET) reactions. Studies have shown that gold nanoparticle film assemblies of this nature provide for a more homogeneous protein adsorption environment and promote ET without distance dependence compared to the more traditional systems modified with alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAM).1-3 In this paper, MPCs functionalized with hexanethiolate ligands are synthesized using a modified Brust reaction4 and characterized with ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). MPC films are assembled on SAM modified gold electrode interfaces by using a "dip cycle" method of alternating MPC layers and dithiol linking molecules. Film growth at gold electrode is tracked electrochemically by measuring changes to the double layer charging current of the system. Analogous films assembled on silane modified glass slides allow for optical monitoring of film growth and cross-sectional TEM analysis provides an estimated film thickness. During film assembly, manipulation of the MPC ligand protection as well as the interparticle linkage mechanism allow for networked films, that are readily adaptable, to interface with redox protein having different adsorption mechanism. For example, Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin (AZ) can be adsorbed hydrophobically to dithiol-linked films of hexanethiolate MPCs and cytochrome c (cyt c) can be immobilized electrostatically at a carboxylic acid modified MPC interfacial layer. In this report, we focus on the film protocol for the AZ system exclusively. Investigations involving the adsorption of proteins on MPC modified synthetic platforms could further the understanding of interactions between biomolecules and man-made materials, and consequently aid the development of biosensor schemes, ET modeling systems, and synthetic biocompatible materials.5-8

Alkanethiolate stabilized gold colloids known as monolayer protected clusters (MPCs) are synthesized, characterized, and assembled into thin films as an adsorption interface for protein monolayer electrochemistry of simple redox protein like Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin (AZ) and cytochrome c (cyt c).

Monolayer sentezi, Montaj ve Karakterizasyonu Protein Monolayer Elektrokimya Korumalı Altın Nanopartikül Filmler

Colloidal gold nanoparticles protected with alkanethiolate ligands called monolayer protected gold clusters (MPCs) are synthesized and subsequently ...

Observing and Quantifying Fibroblast-mediated Fibrin Gel Compaction

Cells embedded in collagen and fibrin gels attach and exert traction forces on the fibers of the gel. These forces can lead to local and global reorganization and realignment of the gel microstructure. This process proceeds in a complex manner that is dependent in part on the interplay between the location of the cells, the geometry of the gel, and the mechanical constraints on the gel. To better understand how these variables produce global fiber alignment patterns, we use time-lapse differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy coupled with an environmentally controlled bioreactor to observe the compaction process between geometrically spaced explants (clusters of fibroblasts). The images are then analyzed with a custom image processing algorithm to obtain maps of the strain. The information obtained from this technique can be used to probe the mechanobiology of various cell-matrix interactions, which has important implications for understanding processes in wound healing, disease development, and tissue engineering applications.

Time-lapse microscopy and image processing techniques were used to observe and analyze fibroblast-mediated gel compaction and fibrin fiber realignment in an environmentally controlled bioreactor over a 48 hr&#160;period.

Fibroblast aracılı Fibrin Jel Sıkıştırmayı Gözlemleme ve Ölçme

Cells embedded in collagen and fibrin gels attach and exert traction forces on the fibers of the gel. These forces can lead to local and global ...

Synthesis of an Intein-mediated Artificial Protein Hydrogel

We present the synthesis of a highly stable protein hydrogel mediated by a split-intein-catalyzed protein trans-splicing reaction. The building blocks of this hydrogel are two protein block-copolymers each containing a subunit of a trimeric protein that serves as a crosslinker and one half of a split intein. A highly hydrophilic random coil is inserted into one of the block-copolymers for water retention. Mixing of the two protein block copolymers triggers an intein trans-splicing reaction, yielding a polypeptide unit with crosslinkers at either end that rapidly self-assembles into a hydrogel. This hydrogel is very stable under both acidic and basic conditions, at temperatures up to 50 &#176;C, and in organic solvents. The hydrogel rapidly reforms after shear-induced rupture. Incorporation of a &#34;docking station peptide&#34; into the hydrogel building block enables convenient incorporation of &#34;docking protein&#34;-tagged target proteins. The hydrogel is compatible with tissue culture growth media, supports the diffusion of 20 kDa molecules, and enables the immobilization of bioactive globular proteins. The application of the intein-mediated protein hydrogel as an organic-solvent-compatible biocatalyst was demonstrated by encapsulating the horseradish peroxidase enzyme and corroborating its activity.

We present the synthesis of a split-intein-mediated protein hydrogel. The building blocks of this hydrogel are two protein copolymers each containing a subunit of a trimeric protein that serves as a crosslinker and one half of a split intein. Mixing of the two protein copolymers triggers an intein trans-splicing reaction, yielding a polypeptide unit that self-assembles into a hydrogel. This hydrogel is highly pH- and temperature-stable, compatible with organic solvents, and easily incorporates functional globular proteins.

Bir Intein aracılı yapay protein Hidrojel sentezi

We present the synthesis of a highly stable protein hydrogel mediated by a split-intein-catalyzed protein trans-splicing reaction. The building blocks of ...

Formation of Biomembrane Microarrays with a Squeegee-based Assembly Method

Lipid bilayer membranes form the plasma membranes of cells and define the boundaries of subcellular organelles. In nature, these membranes are heterogeneous mixtures of many types of lipids, contain membrane-bound proteins and are decorated with carbohydrates. In some experiments, it is desirable to decouple the biophysical or biochemical properties of the lipid bilayer from those of the natural membrane. Such cases call for the use of model systems such as giant vesicles, liposomes or supported lipid bilayers (SLBs). Arrays of SLBs are particularly attractive for sensing applications and mimicking cell-cell interactions. Here we describe a new method for forming SLB arrays. Submicron-diameter SiO2 beads are first coated with lipid bilayers to form spherical SLBs (SSLBs). The beads are then deposited into an array of micro-fabricated submicron-diameter microwells. The preparation technique uses a "squeegee" to clean the substrate surface, while leaving behind SSLBs that have settled into microwells. This method requires no chemical modification of the microwell substrate, nor any particular targeting ligands on the SSLB. Microwells are occupied by single beads because the well diameter is tuned to be just larger than the bead diameter. Typically, more 75% of the wells are occupied, while the rest remain empty. In buffer SSLB arrays display long-term stability of greater than one week. Multiple types of SSLBs can be placed in a single array by serial deposition, and the arrays can be used for sensing, which we demonstrate by characterizing the interaction of cholera toxin with ganglioside GM1. We also show that phospholipid vesicles without the bead supports and biomembranes from cellular sources can be arrayed with the same method and cell-specific membrane lipids can be identified.

Supported lipid bilayers and natural membrane particles are convenient systems that can approximate the properties of cell membranes and be incorporated in a variety of analytical strategies. Here we demonstrate a method for preparing microarrays composed of supported lipid bilayer-coated SiO2 beads, phospholipid vesicles or natural membrane particles.

Bir Çekçek tabanlı Meclisi Yöntemi ile Biomembrane Mikroarray&#39;ler oluşumu

Lipid bilayer membranes form the plasma membranes of cells and define the boundaries of subcellular organelles. In nature, these membranes are ...

Synthesis of Keratin-based Nanofiber for Biomedical Engineering

Electrospinning, due to its versatility and potential for applications in various fields, is being frequently used to fabricate nanofibers. Production of these porous nanofibers is of great interest due to their unique physiochemical properties. Here we elaborate on the fabrication of keratin containing poly (&#949;-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers (i.e., PCL/keratin composite fiber). Water soluble keratin was first extracted from human hair and mixed with PCL in different ratios. The blended solution of PCL/keratin was transformed into nanofibrous membranes using a laboratory designed electrospinning set up. Fiber morphology and mechanical properties of the obtained nanofiber were observed and measured using scanning electron microscopy and tensile tester. Furthermore, degradability and chemical properties of the nanofiber were studied by FTIR. SEM images showed uniform surface morphology for PCL/keratin fibers of different compositions. These PCL/keratin fibers also showed excellent mechanical properties such as Young&#39;s modulus and failure point. Fibroblast cells were able to attach and proliferate thus proving good cell viability. Based on the characteristics discussed above, we can strongly argue that the blended nanofibers of natural and synthetic polymers can represent an excellent development of composite materials that can be used for different biomedical applications.

Electrospun nanofibers have a high surface area to weight ratio, excellent mechanical integrity, and support cell growth and proliferation. These nanofibers have a wide range of biomedical applications. Here we fabricate keratin/ PCL nanofibers, using the electrospinning technique, and characterize the fibers for possible applications in tissue engineering.

Biyomedikal Mühendisliği için keratin bazlı nanofiber sentezi

Electrospinning, due to its versatility and potential for applications in various fields, is being frequently used to fabricate nanofibers. Production of ...

Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticle Integrated Photo-responsive Liposomes and Measurement of Their Microbubble Cavitation upon Pulse Laser Excitation

Photo-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) have received considerable attention because of their potential in providing spatial, temporal, and dosage control over the drug release. However, most of the relevant technologies are still in the development process and are unprocurable by clinics. Here, we describe a facile fabrication of these photo-responsive NPs with commercially available gold NPs and thermo-responsive liposomes. Calcein is used as a model drug to evaluate the encapsulation efficiency and the release kinetic profile upon heat/light stimulation. Finally, we show that this photo-triggered release is due to the membrane disruption caused by microbubble cavitation, which can be measured with hydrophone.

This protocol describes a simple preparation method for gold nanoparticle integrated photo-responsive liposomes with the commercially available materials. It also shows how to measure the microbubble cavitation process of the synthesized liposomes upon the treatment of pulsed laser.

Darbe Lazer Tahrik olma üzerine Altın Nanopartikül Entegre Fotoğraf duyarlı lipozomlar ve Bunların Mikro-kabarcık Kavitasyon Ölçülmesi Sentezi

Photo-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) have received considerable attention because of their potential in providing spatial, temporal, and dosage control ...

Synthesis of Functionalized 10-nm Polymer-coated Gold Particles for Endothelium Targeting and Drug Delivery

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used extensively in medical research due to their size, biocompatibility, and modifiable surface. Specific targeting and drug delivery are some of the applications of these AuNPs, but endothelial extracellular matrices&#39; defensive properties hamper particle uptake. To address this issue, we describe a synthesis method for ultrasmall gold nanoparticles to improve vascular delivery, with customizable functional groups and polymer lengths for further adjustments. The protocol yields 2.5 nm AuNPs that are capped with tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC). The replacement of THPC with hetero-functional polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the surface of the AuNP increases the hydrodynamic radius to 10.5 nm while providing various functional groups on the surface. The last part of the protocol includes an optional addition of a fluorophore to allow the AuNPs to be visualized under fluorescence to track nanoparticle uptake. Dialysis and lyophilization were used to purify and isolate the AuNPs. These fluorescent nanoparticles can be visualized in both in vitro and in vivo experiments due to the biocompatible PEG coating and fluorescent probes. Additionally, the size range of these nanoparticles render them an ideal candidate for probing the glycocalyx without disrupting normal vasculature function, which may lead to improved delivery and therapeutics.

We describe a method of synthesizing biocompatible 10-nm gold nanoparticles, functionalized by coating poly-ethylene glycol onto the surface. These particles can be used in vitro and in vivo for delivering therapeutics to nanoscale cellular and extracellular spaces that are difficult to access with conventional nanoparticle sizes.

Endotel hedefleme için Functionalized 10-nm polimer kaplı altın parçacıkları ve ilaç dağıtım sentezi

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used extensively in medical research due to their size, biocompatibility, and modifiable surface. Specific targeting ...

Synthesis of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified with Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activities and Cytotoxic Properties

In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were treated with an aqueous sulfuric acid solution to form an oxygen-based functional group. Silver MWCNTs were prepared by the reductive deposition of silver from an aqueous solution of AgNO3 on the oxidized MWCNTs. Given the unique color of the CNTs, it was not possible to apply them to the minimum inhibitory concentration or mitochondrial toxicity assays to evaluate the toxicity and antibacterial properties, since they would interfere with the assays. The inhibition zone and minimum bactericidal concentration for the Ag-MWCNTs were measured and Live/Dead and Trypan Blue assays were used to measure the toxicity and antibacterial properties without interfering with the color of the CNTs.

In this study, antimicrobial nanomaterials were synthesized by acidic oxidation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and subsequent reductive deposition of silver nanoparticles. Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity tests were performed with the as-prepared nanomaterials.

Gümüş nano tanecikleri ve onların antibakteriyel faaliyetleri ve sitotoksik özellikleri değerlendirilmesi ile modifiye çok duvarlı karbon nanotüpler sentezi

In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were treated with an aqueous sulfuric acid solution to form an oxygen-based functional group. Silver ...

In Vesiculo Synthesis of Peptide Membrane Precursors for Autonomous Vesicle Growth

Compartmentalization of biochemical reactions is a central aspect of synthetic cells. For this purpose, peptide-based reaction compartments serve as an attractive alternative to liposomes or fatty acid-based vesicles. Externally or within the vesicles, peptides can be easily expressed and simplify the synthesis of membrane precursors. Provided here is a protocol for the creation of vesicles with diameters of ~200 nm based on the amphiphilic elastin-like polypeptides (ELP) utilizing dehydration-rehydration from glass beads. Also presented are protocols for bacterial ELP expression and purification via inverse temperature cycling, as well as their covalent functionalization with fluorescent dyes. Furthermore, this report describes a protocol to enable the transcription of RNA aptamer dBroccoli inside ELP vesicles as a less complex example for a biochemical reaction. Finally, a protocol is provided, which allows in vesiculo expression of fluorescent proteins and the membrane peptide, whereas synthesis of the latter results in vesicle growth.

Presented here are protocols for the creation of peptide-based small unilamellar vesicles capable of growth. To facilitate in vesiculo production of the membrane peptide, these vesicles are equipped with a transcription-translation system and the peptide-encoding plasmid.

Vesiculo 'da otonom vezikül büyümesi için peptid membran öncülerinin sentezini

Compartmentalization of biochemical reactions is a central aspect of synthetic cells. For this purpose, peptide-based reaction compartments serve as an ...