Name: investigation of macrophage polarization using bone marrow derived macrophages
Uploaded: 2013-06-23T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 10 min 7 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Investigation of Macrophage Polarization Using Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages at JoVE.com

この作品は、米国心臓協会（博士Beiyan周にBGIA 7850037）によってサポートされていました。

1。骨髄細胞の単離<ol><li> 6-8週齢のマウスからの大腿骨と脛骨の骨を分離し、髪を洗い流した後、骨を開いてカット。 </li><li>冷PBS +2％の熱不活性化ウシ胎児血清（FBS）（3-5 ML /マウス）に骨髄を洗い流すために21G針とを10mlのシリンジを使用してください。 </li><li>細胞を解離するために21G針を4〜6回を通して骨髄を渡します。 </li><li>細胞塊、骨、毛髪および他の細胞/組織を除去するために70μmのセルストレーナーを通して細胞を渡します。 </li><li> NH 4 Cl溶液（0.8％NH 4 Cl溶液、STEMCELL技術）の3つのボリュームを追加し、赤血球を除去するために10分間氷上でインキュベートする。 </li><li> 4℃で5分間500 xgで細胞をスピンダウン</li><li>冷PBS +2％FBS（20〜50ミリリットル、細胞の量に依存する）で細胞ペレットを再懸濁します。 </li></ol> 2。誘導BMDM形成<ol><li> BMDM成長培地（2×10 6細胞/ mのに孤立した骨髄細胞を再懸濁しL）。 </li></ol> BMDM成長培地： イスコフ改変ダルベッコ培地（IMDM）+ 10％FBS + 15％、濾過（0.2μmの）L-929細胞（ATCC、CCL-1）培養上清（単球コロニー刺激因子、M-CSFを含む）または10 ngの/ mlのM -CSF。 注：L-929細胞上清は、M-CSF 18が含まれています。 5 X 10 5 L-929細胞は6-7日間T75センチ2フラスコに播種され、馴化培地の効果的活動を確保するために、馴化培地は、使用前にフィルター0.45μmの収集と渡されます。培地のアリコートを1〜2ヶ月のためにすぐに使用されるか、または-80°Cに保存することができます。 <ol start="2"><li> 6または12ウェル組織培養プレート（実験デザインに応じて）（コーニングコスター）におけるシード細胞。 </li><li> 3日目に新鮮BMDM増殖培地を変更します。 </li><li> 7日目に、成熟BMDMの形成は、フローサイトメトリー分析を用いて評価されると蛍光体結合抗体の、CD11b及びF4/80を発現する細胞を検出する。 </li></ol> 3。 BMDM偏アクティベ<ol><li> 7日目に、新鮮な刺激培地に変更：M1活性化のために、IMDM、50 ngの/ mlのIFNγと10％FBS、100 ngの/ mlのLPSまたは100 ngの/ mlのLPSを含む使用し、M2活性化のために、と10％FBSを含むIMDMを使用10 ngの/ mlのIL-4および/または10 ngの/ mlのIL-13。 </li><li>暖かい0.05％トリプシンを用いて皿からそれらを取り外すことによって刺激さBMDMsを集め、PBS、10％FBSを含有する細胞を2回洗浄した。 </li></ol> 注：差別、0.05％トリプシン溶液（0.48 mMのEDTA、Invitrogen社を含む）または2-5 mMのEDTAのCaおよびMgを含まないPBSまたはハンクス平衡緩衝液（HBSS）の後に成熟したマクロファージをデタッチし、再懸濁するために使用することができます。トリプシンを含む消化媒体を使用する場合、細胞はシュルの損失を避けるために10分未満、37°C​​で処理する顔はオーバー消化のためにタンパク質。 <ol start="3"><li>標準的なフローサイトメトリー染色手順を使用して、様々な時点でのCD11b、F4/80、CD11cは、CD206、CD69、CD80またはCD86を含む細胞表面抗原の発現を検出する抗体を使用。 </li><li>定量RT-PCRを用いたIL-1β、TNF-αおよびIL-6（M1の活性化）、またはIL-10、IL-13、arginase1およびPPARγ（M2活性化）を含む活性化M1とM2マクロファージの特徴的な遺伝子の発現を決定する。ウエスタンブロット分析によってM1またはM2マクロファージの活性化に関与する細胞のシグナル伝達経路の活性化を決定します。 </li></ol>

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利害の衝突は宣言されていない。

ここでは、骨髄前駆細胞由来のマクロファージの活性化を誘導するためのシンプルかつインビトロで容易に適応手順を報告する。この手順は、マクロファージの偏光を担当するメカニズムの研究のために使用することができる。成熟したマクロファージの純度は、このプロトコルの平均値を95から99までパーセントを用いて得られ、追加の精製法が必要とされない。マクロファージ分極...

古典的な炎症反応とは異なる、組織に浸潤したマクロファージは、多くの場合、宿主組織の生理機能を1-8の調節に重要な役割を果たしている偏光活性状態を表示します。刺激により、マクロファージの活性化は、古典的な（M1）および代替（M2）の活性化2,4,9に分類することができる。 M1マクロファージの活性化は、例えばTNF-αとし、炎症性サイトカインの産生をもたらす、Toll様受容体（TLR）および核因子カッパB（NFκB）/ c-Jun N末端キナーゼ1（JNK1）の活性化に依存するIL- 1β、例えば、窒化酸化物（NO）10、11などの反応性酸素種の産生増加をもたらすことのiNOSの活性化。対照的に、M2マクロファージ活性化リクルートPPARγ、PPARδ、またはIL-4-STAT6経路は、代替マンノース受容体CD206のアップレギュレーションと関連付けられ、抗炎症性（M2）活性化、およびアルギナーゼ1（Arg1の）6,12につながる- 14 &lt;/&gt;（商標）。 骨髄由来マクロファージ（BMDM）は活性化マクロファージ15の偏光を制御するメカニズムを理解するためのin vitroモデル理想を提示する。 M2マクロファージの偏光IL-4および/またはIL-13によって誘導することができるながら具体的には、M1マクロファージの活性化は、リポ多糖（LPS）刺激によって誘導することができる。成熟した骨髄由来マクロファージおよび活性化マクロファージがCD11bを、F4/80、CD11cは、CD206、CD69、CD80およびCD86 9、16、17を含む表面抗原の発現についてフローサイトメトリー分析によって同定することができる。また、マクロファージ偏光に関連付けられたシグナル伝達経路のサイトカイン産生および細胞の変化は、それぞれ、定量的RT-PCRおよびウエスタンブロットによって測定することができる。要約すると、マウスの骨髄由来マクロファージは、in vitroでマクロファージ分極を研究するため、関連するモデルとしての役割を果たすことができます。

<table><tbody><tr><td>IMDM</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>SH30259.01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fetal bovine serum</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>10438-026</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Murine GM-CSF</td><td>PeproTech</td><td>315-03</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NH4Cl</td><td>StemCell Technologies</td><td>7850</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>L-929</td><td>ATCC</td><td>CCL-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>70 &amp;mu;m cell strainer</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>352350</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10 x PBS</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>AP-9009-10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse CD11b-APC</td><td>eBioscience</td><td>17-0112-81</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse F4/80-FITC</td><td>eBioscience</td><td>11-4801-81</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse CD69-PE</td><td>eBioscience</td><td>12-0691-81</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse CD86-PE</td><td>eBioscience</td><td>12-0862-81</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Propidium Iodine</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>P3566</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

investigation of macrophage polarization using bone marrow derived macrophages

記事では、マクロファージ分極を調査するためのin vitroモデルで容易に簡単に適応を説明しています。 GM-CSF/M-CSFの存在下で、骨髄からの造血幹/前駆細胞は、M1またはM2の刺激に続いて、単球分化に向けられる。活性化状態は、細胞表面抗原、遺伝子発現および細胞シグナル伝達経路の変化によって追跡することができる。

BMDM生成手順の概略的な説明は、（ 図1）提示される。彼らはCD11bを+ F4/80 +細胞の95〜99％（ 図2）を表す場合、成熟マクロファージの高純度は、7日目に観察することができる。偏マクロファージは、フローサイトメトリー分析を行ったCD11b、F4/80、CD11c陽性およびCD206に対する抗体を用いて調べることができる。 図3に示すように、M1マクロファージとして検...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Investigation of Macrophage Polarization Using Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages at JoVE.com

Investigation of Macrophage Polarization Using Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages

記事は容易に簡単に適応を説明<em&gt; in vitroで</emマクロファージ分極を調査する&gt;モデル。 GM-CSF/M-CSFの存在下で、骨髄からの造血幹/前駆細胞は、M1またはM2の刺激に続いて、単球分化に向けられる。活性化状態は、細胞表面抗原、遺伝子発現および細胞シグナル伝達経路の変化によって追跡することができる。

骨髄由来マクロファージを用いたマクロファージ分極の調査

The article describes a readily easy adaptive in vitro model to investigate macrophage polarization. In the presence of GM-CSF/M-CSF, hematopoietic ...

investigation-macrophage-polarization-using-bone-marrow-derived

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

66.0K ビュー.  Texas A&M University. 記事は容易に簡単に適応を説明 in vitroでモデル。 GM-CSF/M-CSFの存在下で、骨髄からの造血幹/前駆細胞は、M1またはM2の刺激に続いて、単球分化に向けられる。活性化状態は、細胞表面抗原、遺伝子発現および細胞シグナル伝達経路の変化によって追跡することができる。

ビデオ: Investigation of Macrophage Polarization Using Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages

Depletion and Reconstitution of Macrophages in Mice

Macrophages are critical players in the innate immune response to infectious challenge or injury, initiating the innate immune response and directing the acquired immune response. Macrophage dysfunction can lead to an inability to mount an appropriate immune response and as such, has been implicated in many disease processes, including inflammatory bowel diseases. Macrophages display polarized phenotypes that are broadly divided into two categories. Classically activated macrophages, activated by stimulation with IFN&gamma; or LPS, play an essential role in response to bacterial challenge whereas alternatively activated macrophages, activated by IL-4 or IL-13, participate in debris scavenging and tissue remodeling and have been implicated in the resolution phase of inflammation. During an inflammatory response in vivo, macrophages are found amid a complex mixture of infiltrating immune cells and may participate by exacerbating or resolving inflammation. To define the role of macrophages in situ in a whole animal model, it is necessary to examine the effect of depleting macrophages from the complex environment. To ask questions about the role of macrophage phenotype in situ, phenotypically defined polarized macrophages can be derived ex vivo, from bone marrow aspirates and added back to mice, with or without prior depletion of macrophages. In the protocol presented here clodronate-containing liposomes, versus PBS injected controls, were used to deplete colonic macrophages during dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. In addition, polarized macrophages were derived ex vivo and transferred to mice by intravenous injection. A caveat to this approach is that clodronate-containing liposomes deplete all professional phagocytes, including both dendritic cells and macrophages so to ensure the effect observed by depletion is macrophage-specific, reconstitution of phenotype by adoptive transfer of macrophages is necessary. Systemic macrophage depletion in mice can also be achieved by backcrossing mice onto a CD11b-DTR background, which is an excellent complementary approach. The advantage of clodronate-containing liposome-mediated depletion is that it does not require the time and expense involved in backcrossing mice and it can be used in mice regardless of the background of the mice (C57BL/6, BALB/c, or mixed background).

Macrophages play a central role in homeostasis and pathology in many tissues. The protocol presented here describes methods for depleting macrophages in vivo, deriving polarized macrophages from bone marrow aspirates, and adoptively transferring macrophages into mice. These techniques allow determination of the role that polarized macrophages play in health and disease.

マウスのマクロファージの枯渇と再構成

Macrophages are critical players in the innate  immune response to infectious challenge or injury, initiating the innate immune  response and directing ...

免疫・感染学

Proteomic Analysis of Human Macrophage Polarization Under a Low Oxygen Environment

Macrophages are innate immune cells involved in a number of physiological functions ranging from responses to infectious pathogens to tissue homeostasis. The various functions of these cells are related to their activation states, which is also called polarization. The precise molecular description of these various polarizations is a priority in the field of macrophage biology. It is currently acknowledged that a multidimensional approach is necessary to describe how polarization is controlled by environmental signals. In this report, we describe a protocol designed to obtain the proteomic signature of various polarizations in human macrophages. This protocol is based on a label-free quantification of macrophage protein expression obtained from in-gel fractionated and Lys C/trypsin-digested cellular lysis content. We also provide a protocol based on in-solution digestion and isoelectric focusing fractionation to use as an alternative. Because oxygen concentration is a relevant environmental parameter in tissues, we use this protocol to explore how atmospheric composition or a low oxygen environment affects the classification of macrophage polarization.

We present a protocol to obtain proteomic signatures of human macrophages and apply this to determination of the impact of a low oxygen environment on macrophage polarization.

低酸素環境下におけるヒトのマクロファージ偏光のプロテオーム解析

Macrophages are innate immune cells involved in a number of physiological functions ranging from responses to infectious pathogens to tissue homeostasis. ...

生化学

An In vitro Model to Study Heterogeneity of Human Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization

Monocyte-derived macrophages represent an important cell type of the innate immune system. Mouse models studying macrophage biology suffer from the phenotypic and functional differences between murine and human monocyte-derived macrophages. Therefore, we here describe an in vitro model to generate and study primary human macrophages. Briefly, after density gradient centrifugation of peripheral blood drawn from a forearm vein, monocytes are isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using negative magnetic bead isolation. These monocytes are then cultured for six days under specific conditions to induce different types of macrophage differentiation or polarization. The model is easy to use and circumvents the problems caused by species-specific differences between mouse and man. Furthermore, it is closer to the in vivo conditions than the use of immortalized cell lines. In conclusion, the model described here is suitable to study macrophage biology, identify disease mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets. Even though not fully replacing experiments with animals or human tissues obtained post mortem, the model described here allows identification and validation of disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets that may be highly relevant to various human diseases.

An In vitro Model to Study Heterogeneity of Human Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization

Monocyte-derived macrophages are important cells of the innate immune system. Here, we describe an easy to use in vitro model to generate these cells. Using gradient centrifugation, negative bead isolation and specific cell culture conditions, monocyte-derived macrophages can be generated for phenotypic and functional studies.

不定冠詞<em&gt;インビトロ</emヒトマクロファージの分化と偏光の不均一性を研究するために&gt;モデル

Monocyte-derived macrophages represent an important cell type of the innate immune system. Mouse models studying macrophage biology suffer from the ...

Isolation of Human Monocytes by Double Gradient Centrifugation and Their Differentiation to Macrophages in Teflon-coated Cell Culture Bags

Human macrophages are involved in a plethora of pathologic processes ranging from infectious diseases to cancer. Thus they pose a valuable tool to understand the underlying mechanisms of these diseases. We therefore present a straightforward protocol for the isolation of human monocytes from buffy coats, followed by a differentiation procedure which results in high macrophage yields. The technique relies mostly on commonly available lab equipment and thus provides a cost and time effective way to obtain large quantities of human macrophages. Briefly, buffy coats from healthy blood donors are subjected to a double density gradient centrifugation to harvest monocytes from the peripheral blood. These monocytes are then cultured in fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) Teflon-coated cell culture bags in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). The differentiated macrophages can be easily harvested and used for subsequent studies and functional assays. Important methods for quality control and validation of the isolation and differentiation steps will be highlighted within the protocol. In summary, the protocol described here enables scientists to routinely and reproducibly isolate human macrophages without the need for cost intensive tools. Furthermore, disease models can be studied in a syngeneic human system circumventing the use of murine macrophages.

We present a simple and efficient protocol for the generation of human macrophages. Buffy coats are processed by double density gradient centrifugation and isolated monocytes are then differentiated to macrophages in Teflon-coated cell culture bags. This maximizes macrophage yields and facilitates cell harvesting for subsequent experiments.

ダブル勾配遠心、テフロンコーティングされた細胞培養バッグ中のマクロファージへの分化によるヒト単球の単離

Human macrophages are involved in a plethora of pathologic processes ranging from infectious diseases to cancer. Thus they pose a valuable tool to ...

Isolation of Murine Peritoneal Macrophages to Carry Out Gene Expression Analysis Upon Toll-like Receptors Stimulation

During infection and inflammation, circulating monocytes leave the bloodstream and migrate into tissues, where they differentiate into macrophages. Macrophages express surface Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize molecular patterns conserved through evolution in a wide range of microorganisms. TLRs play a central role in macrophage activation which is usually associated with gene expression alteration. Macrophages are critical in many diseases and have emerged as attractive targets for therapy. In the following protocol, we describe a procedure to isolate murine peritoneal macrophages using Brewer&#8217;s thioglycollate medium. The latter will boost monocyte migration into the peritoneum, accordingly this will raise macrophage yield by 10-fold. Several studies have been carried out using bone marrow, spleen or peritoneal derived macrophages. However, peritoneal macrophages were shown to be more mature upon isolation and are more stable in their functionality and phenotype. Thus, macrophages isolated from murine peritoneal cavity present an important cell population that can serve in different immunological and metabolic studies. Once isolated, macrophages were stimulated with different TLR ligands and consequently&#160;gene expression was evaluated.

We describe here a simple protocol to isolate murine peritoneal macrophages. This procedure is followed by RNA extraction to carry out gene expression analysis upon Toll-like receptors stimulation.

Toll様受容体刺激時の遺伝子発現解析を行うためにマウス腹腔マクロファージの単離

During infection and inflammation, circulating monocytes leave the bloodstream and migrate into tissues, where they differentiate into macrophages. ...

Metabolic Characterization of Polarized M1 and M2 Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages Using Real-time Extracellular Flux Analysis

Specific metabolic pathways are increasingly being recognized as critical hallmarks of macrophage subsets. While LPS-induced classically activated M1 or M(LPS) macrophages are pro-inflammatory, IL-4 induces alternative macrophage activation and these so-called M2 or M(IL-4) support resolution of inflammation and wound healing. Recent evidence shows the crucial role of metabolic reprogramming in the regulation of M1 and M2 macrophage polarization. 
In this manuscript, an extracellular flux analyzer is applied to assess the metabolic characteristics of naive, M1 and M2 polarized mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. This instrument uses pH and oxygen sensors to measure the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR), which can be related to glycolytic and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. As such, both glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism can be measured in real-time in one single assay.
Using this technique, we demonstrate here that inflammatory M1 macrophages display enhanced glycolytic metabolism and reduced mitochondrial activity. Conversely, anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages show high mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and are characterized by an enhanced spare respiratory capacity (SRC). 
The presented functional assay serves as a framework to investigate how particular cytokines, pharmacological compounds, gene knock outs or other interventions affect the macrophage&#8217;s metabolic phenotype and inflammatory status.

Metabolic reprogramming is a characteristic and prerequisite for M1 and M2 macrophage polarization. This manuscript describes an assay for the measurement of fundamental parameters of glycolysis and mitochondrial function in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. This tool can be applied to investigate how particular factors affect the macrophage&#8217;s metabolism and phenotype.

リアルタイム細胞外フラックス分析を用いた偏光M1、M2の骨髄由来マクロファージの代謝特性評価

Specific metabolic pathways are increasingly being recognized as critical hallmarks of macrophage subsets. While LPS-induced classically activated M1 or ...

A Comprehensive High-Efficiency Protocol for Isolation, Culture, Polarization, and Glycolytic Characterization of Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages

Macrophages are among the most important antigen-presenting cells. Many subsets of macrophages have been identified with unique metabolic signatures. Macrophages are commonly classified as M1-like (inflammatory) and M2-like (anti-inflammatory) subtypes. M1-like macrophages are pro-inflammatory macrophages that get activated by LPS and/or pro-inflammatory cytokines such as INF-&#947;, IL-12 &#38; IL-2. M1-like polarized macrophages are involved in various diseases by mediating the host&#39;s defense to a variety of bacteria and viruses. That is very important to study LPS induced M1-like macrophages and their metabolic states in inflammatory diseases. M2-like macrophages are considered anti-inflammatory macrophages, activated by anti-inflammatory cytokines and stimulators. Under the pro-inflammatory state, macrophages show increased glycolysis in glycolytic function. The glycolytic function has been actively investigated in the context of glycolysis, glycolytic capacity, glycolytic reserve, compensatory glycolysis, or non-glycolytic acidification using extracellular flux (XF) analyzers.
This paper demonstrates how to assess the glycolytic states in real-time with easy-to-follow steps when the bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) are respiring, consuming, and producing energy. Using specific inhibitors and activators of glycolysis in this protocol, we show how to obtain a systemic and complete view of glycolytic metabolic processes in the cells and provide more accurate and realistic results. To be able to measure multiple glycolytic phenotypes, we provide an easy, sensitive, DNA-based normalization method for polarization assessment of BMDMs. Culturing, activation/polarization and identification of the phenotype and metabolic state of the BMDMs are crucial techniques that can help to investigate many different types of diseases.
In this paper, we polarized the na&#239;ve M0 macrophages to M1-like and M2-like macrophages with LPS and IL4, respectively, and measured a comprehensive set of glycolytic parameters in BMDMs in real-time and longitudinally over time, using extracellular flux analysis and glycolytic activators and inhibitors.

This protocol provides detailed and comprehensive methods for the isolation, culture, polarization, and measurement of the glycolytic metabolic state of live bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). This paper provides step-by-step instructions with realistic visual illustrations for workflow and glycolytic assessment of BMDMs in real-time.

Macrophages are among the most important antigen-presenting cells. Many subsets of macrophages have been identified with unique metabolic signatures. ...

Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization into an M2-Like Phenotype using a Human Monocyte-Like THP-1 Leukemia Cell Line

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) can switch their expression and cytokine profile according to external stimuli. This remarkable plasticity enables TAM to adapt to ongoing changes within the tumor microenvironment. Macrophages can have either primarily pro-inflammatory (M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) attributes and can continually switch between these two main states. M2-like macrophages within the tumor environment are associated with cancer progression and poor prognosis in several types of cancer. Many different methods for inducing differentiation and polarization of THP-1 cells are used to investigate cellular and intercellular mechanisms and the effects of TAM within the microenvironment of tumors. Currently, there is no established model for M2-like macrophage polarization using the THP-1 cell line, and the results of expression and cytokine profiles of macrophages due to certain in vitro stimuli vary between studies. This protocol serves as detailed guidance to differentiate THP-1 monocyte-like cells into M0 macrophages and to further polarize cells into an M2-like phenotype within 14 days. We demonstrate the morphological changes of THP-1 monocyte-like cells, differentiated macrophages, and polarized M2-like macrophages using light microscopy. This model is the basis for cell line models investigating the anti-inflammatory effects of TAM and their interactions with other cell populations of the tumor microenvironment.

M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in cancer. This protocol serves as a detailed guide to reproducibly differentiate and polarize THP-1 monocyte-like cells into M2-like macrophages within 14 days. This model is the basis to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of TAM within the tumor microenvironment.

ヒト単球様THP-1白血病細胞株を用いたM2様表現型へのマクロファージ分化と分極化

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) can switch their expression and cytokine profile according to external stimuli. This remarkable plasticity enables TAM ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>マクロファージに対するインプラント表面の免疫調節効果の評価

Polarization and Characterization of M1 and M2 Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages on Implant Surfaces

Foreign body reaction (FBR), an immune-mediated complex healing process, plays a crucial role in integrating implants into the body. Macrophages, as the first line of immune system interaction with implant surfaces, play a bidirectional role in modulating the inflammation-regeneration balance. For a deep understanding and the evaluation of the reactions between implant materials and immune responses, reliable in vitro methods and protocols are pivotal. Among different in vitro models, primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) present an excellent model for investigating macrophage-implant interactions. We have implemented an experimental protocol to evaluate the polarization of MDMs into M1 (classically activated) and M2 (alternatively activated) macrophages on implant surfaces. We isolated blood monocytes from healthy donors and differentiated them into macrophages using macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Differentiated macrophages were cultured on implant surfaces and polarized into M1 and M2 subtypes. M1 polarization was achieved in the presence of interferon (IFN)-&#947; and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while M2 polarization was performed in a medium containing interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13. We evaluated macrophage phenotypes by Enzyme-linked&#160;Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) based on panels of secreted cytokines, cell surface markers, and expressed genes. The extracted RNA was transformed into complementary DNA (cDNA), and qRT-PCR was used to quantify mRNA related to M1 and M2 macrophages. Accordingly, M1 macrophages have been characterized by higher expression of proinflammatory Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-&#945;) cytokine and CCR7 surface marker compared to M2&#160;macrophages, which exhibited higher levels of CD209 and CCL13. Consequently, CCR7 and CD209 were identified as specific and reliable markers of M1 and M2 macrophage subtypes by immunostaining and visualizing by CLSM. Further confirmation was achieved by ELISA detecting elevated TNF-&#593; level in M1 and increased CCL13 in M2 cells. The proposed markers and experimental setup can be used effectively to assess the immunomodulatory potential of implants.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>インプラント表面上のM1およびM2ヒト単球由来マクロファージの分極と特性評価

Here, we present a detailed protocol for assessing the immunomodulatory potential of implant surfaces in vitro, aiming to improve the reliability and reproducibility of current protocols and promoting further research. Secretory cytokine profiles, mRNA expression, and cell surface markers were monitored using blood monocyte-derived macrophages to investigate macrophage polarization cultivated on titanium.

インプラント表面上のM1およびM2ヒト単球由来マクロファージの分極と特性評価 

Foreign body reaction (FBR), an immune-mediated complex healing process, plays a crucial role in integrating implants into the body. Macrophages, as the ...

骨髄由来マクロファージを用いたマクロファージ分極の調査

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マウスのマクロファージの枯渇と再構成

低酸素環境下におけるヒトのマクロファージ偏光のプロテオーム解析

不定冠詞

ダブル勾配遠心、テフロンコーティングされた細胞培養バッグ中のマクロファージへの分化によるヒト単球の単離

Toll様受容体刺激時の遺伝子発現解析を行うためにマウス腹腔マクロファージの単離

リアルタイム細胞外フラックス分析を用いた偏光M1、M2の骨髄由来マクロファージの代謝特性評価

A Comprehensive High-Efficiency Protocol for Isolation, Culture, Polarization, and Glycolytic Characterization of Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages

ヒト単球様THP-1白血病細胞株を用いたM2様表現型へのマクロファージ分化と分極化

インプラント表面上のM1およびM2ヒト単球由来マクロファージの分極と特性評価

インプラント表面上のM1およびM2ヒト単球由来マクロファージの分極と特性評価