このプロジェクトは、部分的にエスペン·ウォーカー、R01 NS27713にウィリアムL.Young、ウィリアムL.Youngと華SUにP01のNS44155、R21 NS070153に華SUと米国心臓協会によるAHA 10GRNT3130004に華蘇にNIH T32 GM008440によってサポートされています。博士アナ·ロドリゲス·エルナンデスは、「OBRA社会ラ·カイシャ」からの助成金によってサポートされています

1.マウスの準備<ol><li>イソフルランガスとマウスに全身麻酔を誘導する。疼痛管理のための腹腔内brupenorphineの0.15ミリリットルを注入。麻酔レベルは、マウスの足を刺すことで満足のいくものである場合には先に進む前に、確認してください。 </li><li>粘着テープで固定し、四肢に背側横臥位でマウスを置きます。はさみで首と上胸部の毛を削除します。皮下注射を介して、外科手術中に水和したマウスを保つために0.9％生理食塩水の0.2〜0.4ミリリットルを管理する。 </li><li>厳格な無菌の方法以下の術野を準備します。皮膚切開の面積を90％アルコールで洗浄されるべきである。 </li></ol> 2.総頸動脈と外頸静脈を解剖<ol><li>マウスの下頸部領域にわたって水平正中頸部切開を行います。傷を深めた後、で使用することにより唾液腺と頸部の軟組織を高めるraction縫合糸（ 図1）。胸鎖乳突筋（SCM）に横方向の右外頸静脈（EJV）を公開します。静脈上の過度の牽引力がそれを損傷し、その血栓症を誘発する可能性がありますので、このステップは、顕微鏡下で実行する必要があります。 </li><li>慎重に頭蓋底への鎖骨からそのコースに沿って右EJVを解剖。通常の電気双極鉗子は、凝固し、後で一時的なクリップの配置と吻合のために十分な長さを準備するすべての枝を分割。 </li><li> SCMへの気管および内側の側方、総頸動脈（CCA）を探る。これは、慎重にだけに外部および内部頸動脈内への分岐点を超えて鎖骨から露出する必要があります。このステップの間、注意が後で吻合の開存性を損なう可能性EJVに過度の牽引力を避けるために再び与えられるべきである。 </li></ol> 3.吻合を準備<ol><li> 10-0のNyとCCAを結紮その分岐部のすぐ近位LON。次に、できるだけ鎖骨に近い近位CCA上の一時的なクリップを適用する。 </li><li>流れが中断されると、単に分岐合字の下動脈を横断すると内腔の内側に、残りの血液を洗い流すために生理食塩水でそれを灌漑。動脈壁への熱損傷が危険にさらされ、将来の吻合を置く可能性があるので、このステップでバイポーラ凝固を避けてください。 </li><li> EJVの縁部の視認性を向上させるために、内壁は、計画静脈切開のコースに沿って青色マーキングペンでマークされている。 EJVがマークされたら、できるだけ尾などの先端部を連結し、可能な限り頭蓋として近位端に一時的な血管クリップを適用するために10-0縫合糸を使用しています。 </li><li>微30 G針0.5mlの注射器で、EJVのマークされた領域上に初期の開口を行い、すぐに血栓形成を回避するために生理食塩水内腔を洗浄。次に、microscissorsと静脈切開を延長長さまでCCAの約2〜3倍の直径である。暴力的なストレッチングを避け、シャープときちんとした刃先を維持するために注意を払う。 </li><li> EJVにCCAの端に近づける。 CCAのドナー側のサイドカット切開静脈切開サイズの長さ（ 図2）の直径を調節することを可能にする。 </li></ol> 4.端側吻合<ol><li> CCA·ツー·EJV端側吻合のための11-0モノフィラメントナイロン縫合糸を使用してください。 craneo-尾方向に吻合の内側壁の縫合は最初のステップです。すべてのステッチは、まず静脈壁（ 図3）アウトサイド·インし、次の動脈壁（ 図4）インサイドアウトからから配置する必要があります。これは、すべての回（ 図5）での吻合血管の外側表面に結び目を維持します。中断されたまたは連続縫合糸を使用することができますが、すべての連続縫合糸は、最終段階として締め付けてください。 </li><li> O内壁NCE側壁と頭蓋する尾側からの手順を繰り返し、縫合されています。今、すべてのステッチは、アウトサイドイン動脈壁最初からと次の静脈壁インサイドアウトから配置する必要があります。生理食塩水灌漑は、手順の間、常に目に見える吻合の内腔を保つのを助ける。 </li><li>吻合のすべてのステップが終了した後、最初と次の動脈から静脈から一時的なクリップを削除する。動脈血は、吻合（動画VHモデルとVHモデル2を参照）からの、またはほとんどにじみ出るでEJVに流れません。最小限の出血は吻合の上に綿の圧縮を使用せずに停止する必要があります。これは繊細な静脈の血栓症を防ぐために避けなければならない。 </li><li>一度拍動吻合を通って流れが確認されており、明らかな出血が観察されない、生理食塩水で手術野を洗浄し、6-0ナイロン縫合糸で頸部切開を閉じます。最後に、intrapの0.15ミリリットルより多くの管理手術中に血液の損失を補充するeritonealの術後疼痛管理のためのbrupenorphine皮下0.9％生理食塩水の0.2〜0.4ミリリットル。 </li></ol>

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実験動物を用いた実験手順は、カリフォルニア大学の制度的動物実験委員会、サンフランシスコ校（UCSF）によって承認された。 著者は、この手順で使用する薬剤や材料に関連する利害の潜在的な競合がありません。

持続的な脳静脈性高血圧は密接に、より重篤な臨床症状と硬膜のAVFと脳静脈奇形3の患者で予後不良と関連してきた。 CVHのこれらの効果は広くラットモデル1,2,8に研究されている。マウスにおける等価モデルは、最終的に静脈性高血圧の病因および硬膜AVF脳AVMとの関係に関与する分子経路の解析を可能にする遺伝子改変動物を使用することを可能にするであろう。 <p class="jo...

脳静脈性高血圧の動物モデルは、脳の動静脈奇形や動静脈瘻1-7の病態生理の理解において重要なツールであることが証明されている。最も広く使用されている総頸動脈（CCA）とラット1,8-10で一貫性のある脳静脈性高血圧（CVH）を誘発する外頸静脈（EJV）、間に人工瘻を介して作成ラットモデルである。同等のマウスモデルは、異なるトランスジェニックマウス系統を使用する可能性を開くことによって、病態生理学にも、これらの脳血管疾患のための潜在的な遺伝子治療だけでなく、上のさらなる研究を可能にする。さらに、実験の構築物はまた、これらのマウスモデルhを構築するために偏頭痛のような静脈性高血圧、一過性全健忘症、過渡単眼失明等 11が、以前の試みに関連する他の脳血管疾患の研究に適合させることができるaveが小柄な解剖学5,12による瘻の開通と難しさを実証した。ここでは、長期的な特許瘻とマウスで耐久性のある静脈性高血圧につながりネズミCCAとEJVの成功吻合のために私たちのステップバイステップのプロトコルを記述します。

<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>10-0 Sterile Microsuture</td>
			<td>Arosurgical Ic.</td>
			<td>VT5A010Q10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>11-0 Sterile Microsuture</td>
			<td>Arosurgical Ic</td>
			<td>VT4A00N07</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DUROTIP Scissors</td>
			<td>Aesculap</td>
			<td>BC210R</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro-Adson Tissue Forceps</td>
			<td>Aesculap</td>
			<td>BD510R</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscissors</td>
			<td>Aesculap</td>
			<td>OC496R</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro Forceps #5 Jewelers</td>
			<td>Aesculap</td>
			<td>BD331R</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Angled Jewelers Forceps</td>
			<td>Aesculap</td>
			<td>BD329R</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro Suture Forceps</td>
			<td>Aesculap</td>
			<td>BD338R</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DUROGRIP Needle Holder</td>
			<td>Aesculap</td>
			<td>BM009R</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

adult mouse venous hypertension model: common carotid artery to external jugular vein anastomosis.

脳の動静脈奇形や動静脈瘻の病態生理の理解が動物モデルのおかげで改善している。総頸動脈（CCA）および外頸静脈（EJV）間の人工瘻を作るラットモデルは、広く記載され、技術的に可能な証明されている。この構築物は、一貫性のある脳静脈性高血圧（CVH）を引き起こし、そのための形成、臨床症状、脳AVMおよび硬膜のAVFの予後への静脈高​​血圧の寄与を研究してきました。等価マウスモデルのみほとんど記載されていないと瘻の狭窄とのトラブルを示している。確立されたマウスモデルは、病態生理にも、これらの脳血管疾患のための潜在的な遺伝子治療だけでなく、研究を可能にする。 私たちは、マウスで耐久性のある頭蓋内静脈性高血圧を生産動静脈瘻のモデルを提示する。顕微吻合OマウスfはCCAとEJV起因小柄な解剖学的構造に難しく、しばしば非特許瘻孔を生じる。このステップバイステップのプロトコルでは、この手順の実行中に発生したすべての重要な課題に対処する。 11-0縫合糸の代わりに10-0を用いて、露光中の静脈の過度の収縮を回避し、そして慎重に計画された端側吻合を作製する重要なステップのいくつかがある。この方法は、高度な顕微スキルやラットにおける同等の長い学習曲線が必要ですが、それは一貫して開発することができます。 この新規モデルは、脳のAVMおよび硬膜のAVFを研究する有用であることが証明されている以前によく確立された実験系でトランスジェニックマウス技術を統合できるように設計されています。トランスジェニックマウスを使用する可能性を開くことによって、有効なモデルの広いスペクトルを達成することができ、遺伝子治療も試験することができる。実験的な構築物はまた、オトの研究に適合させることができる偏頭痛のような静脈性高血圧、一過性全健忘、一過性の単眼失明などに関連する彼女の脳血管疾患

モデルの成功した結果は、マウス脳内の静脈性高血圧を誘発する特許動静脈瘻である。モデルを検証するために、我々は最初は手術後2、3、4週間後にマウスの矢状洞で頭蓋内静脈圧を測定した。 6匹の異なるマウスは、すべての時間グループに割り当てた。洞圧力は二週間手術後に測定された群では8.8±1.2 mmHgであった。 3週間手術後に測定された6匹のマウスでは、洞圧力が4.7±1.4 mmHgであった...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Adult Mouse Venous Hypertension Model: Common Carotid Artery to External Jugular Vein Anastomosis. at JoVE.com

Adult Mouse Venous Hypertension Model: Common Carotid Artery to External Jugular Vein Anastomosis.

我々は、成体マウスにおける脳静脈性高血圧の信頼性モデルを作成するための方法を記載している。このモデルは、広くラットに記述され、テストされている。マウスにおけるこの新たな対応物の遺伝子改変動物を使用する可能性を開き、それによってモデルの適用を広げる。

成体マウス静脈性高血圧モデル：外頸静脈吻合部の総頸動脈。

The understanding of the pathophysiology of brain arteriovenous malformations and arteriovenous fistulas has improved thanks to animal models. A rat model ...

adult-mouse-venous-hypertension-model-common-carotid-artery-to

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14.0K ビュー.  University of California, San Francisco. 我々は、成体マウスにおける脳静脈性高血圧の信頼性モデルを作成するための方法を記載している。このモデルは、広くラットに記述され、テストされている。マウスにおけるこの新たな対応物の遺伝子改変動物を使用する可能性を開き、それによってモデルの適用を広げる。 

ビデオ: Adult Mouse Venous Hypertension Model: Common Carotid Artery to External Jugular Vein Anastomosis.

Training a Sophisticated Microsurgical Technique: Interposition of External Jugular Vein Graft in the Common Carotid Artery in Rats

Neointimal hyperplasia is one the primary causes of stenosis in arterialized veins that are of great importance in arterial coronary bypass surgery, in peripheral arterial bypass surgery as well as in arteriovenous fistulas.1-5 The experimental procedure of vein graft interposition in the common carotid artery by using the cuff-technique has been applied in several research projects to examine the aetiology of neointimal hyperplasia and therapeutic options to address it. 6-8 The cuff prevents vessel anastomotic remodeling and induces turbulence within the graft and thereby the development of neointimal hyperplasia.
Using the superior caval vein graft is an established small-animal model for venous arterialization experiment.9-11 This current protocol refers to an established jugular vein graft interposition technique first described by Zou et al., 9 as well as others.12-14 Nevertheless, these cited small animal protocols are complicated.
To simplify the procedure and to minimize the number of experimental animals needed, a detailed operation protocol by video training is presented. This video should help the novice surgeon to learn both the cuff-technique and the vein graft interposition. Hereby, the right external jugular vein was grafted in cuff-technique in the common carotid artery of 21 female Sprague Dawley rats categorized in three equal groups that were sacrificed on day 21, 42 and 84, respectively. Notably, no donor animals were needed, because auto-transplantations were performed. The survival rate was 100 % at the time point of sacrifice. In addition, the graft patency rate was 60 % for the first 10 operated animals and 82 % for the remaining 11 animals. The blood flow at the time of sacrifice was 8&plusmn;3 ml/min. In conclusion, this surgical protocol considerably simplifies, optimizes and standardizes this complicated procedure. It gives novice surgeons easy, step-by-step instruction, explaining possible pitfalls, thereby helping them to gain expertise fast and avoid useless sacrifice of experimental animals.

Neointimal hyperplasia is the primary cause of stenosis in arterialized veins. We propose a new protocol whereby the right external jugular vein is grafted using the cuff technique in the common carotid artery of Sprague Dawley rats. The survival rate was 100 % at the time point of sacrifice.

ラットの総頚動脈で外頚静脈グラフトの介在：洗練された顕微鏡下手術の訓練

Neointimal hyperplasia is one the primary causes of stenosis in arterialized veins that are of great importance in arterial coronary bypass surgery, in ...

医学

Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion as an Adequate Preconditioning Stimulus to Induce Early Ischemic Tolerance to Focal Cerebral Ischemia

There is accumulating evidence, that ischemic preconditioning - a non-damaging ischemic challenge to the brain - confers a transient protection to a subsequent damaging ischemic insult. We have established bilateral common carotid artery occlusion as a preconditioning stimulus to induce early ischemic tolerance to transient focal cerebral ischemia in C57Bl6/J mice. In this video, we will demonstrate the methodology used for this study.

There is accumulating evidence, that ischemic preconditioning (PC) &#x2013; a non-damaging ischemic challenge to the brain - confers a transient protection to a subsequent damaging ischemic insult. We established bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) as a preconditioning stimulus to induce early ischemic tolerance (IT) to transient focal cerebral ischemia (induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO) in C57Bl6/J mice.

局所脳虚血への早期虚血耐性を誘導するために適切な前処理刺激として二国間の総頚動脈閉塞

There is accumulating evidence, that ischemic preconditioning - a non-damaging ischemic challenge to the brain - confers a transient protection to a ...

Catheterization of the Carotid Artery and Jugular Vein to Perform Hemodynamic Measures, Infusions and Blood Sampling in a Conscious Rat Model

The success of a small animal model to study critical illness is, in part, dependent on the ability of the model to simulate the human condition. Intra-tracheal inoculation of a known amount of bacteria has been successfully used to reproduce the pathogenesis of pneumonia which then develops into sepsis. Monitoring hemodynamic parameters and providing standard clinical treatment including infusion of antibiotics, fluids and drugs to maintain blood pressure is critical to simulate routine supportive care in this model but to do so requires both arterial and venous vascular access. The video details the surgical technique for implanting carotid artery and common jugular vein catheters in an anesthetized rat. Following a 72 hr recovery period, the animals will be re-anesthetized and connected to a tether and swivel setup attached to the rodent housing which connects the implanted catheters to the hemodynamic monitoring system. This setup allows free movement of the rat during the study while continuously monitoring pressures, infusing fluids and drugs (antibiotics, vasopressors) and performing blood sampling.

Vascular accesses to measure hemodynamics, provide fluids and perform blood sampling are important to any small animal model study. We present a technique for implanting catheters into the carotid artery and the common jugular vein in an anesthetized rat for connecting to a system to perform monitoring, infusions and sampling.

配慮ラットモデルにおける血行動態の措置、煎茶や血液サンプリングを実行するために頸動脈と頸静脈のカテーテル

The success of a small animal model to study critical illness is, in part, dependent on the ability of the model to simulate the human condition. ...

Ferric Chloride-induced Thrombosis Mouse Model on Carotid Artery and Mesentery Vessel

Severe thrombosis and its ischemic consequences such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and stroke are major worldwide health issues. The ferric chloride injury is now a well-established technique to rapidly and accurately induce the formation of thrombi in exposed veins or artery of small and large diameter. This model has played a key role in the study of the pathophysiology of thrombosis, in the discovery and validation of novel antithrombotic drugs and in the understanding of the mechanism of action of these new agents. Here, the implementation of this technique on a mesenteric vessel and carotid artery in mice is presented. The method describes how to label circulating leukocytes and platelets with a fluorescent dye and to observe, by intravital microscopy on the exposed mesentery, their accumulation at the injured vessel wall which leads to the formation of a thrombus. On the carotid artery, the occlusion caused by the clot formation is measured by monitoring the blood flow with a Doppler probe.

The FeCl3 induced thrombosis model in mice is described herein. A method to monitor thrombus growth by intravital microscopy observation on a mesenteric vessel and by blood flow measurement in the carotid artery is presented.

塩化第二鉄誘発性頚動脈および腸間膜血管に血栓症のマウスモデル

Severe thrombosis and its ischemic consequences such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and stroke are major worldwide health issues. The ferric ...

Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability

Stroke typically occurs in elderly people with a range of comorbidities including carotid (or other arterial) atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, obesity and diabetes. Accordingly, when evaluating therapies for stroke in animals, it is important to select a model with excellent face validity. Ischemic stroke accounts for 80% of all strokes, and the majority of these occur in the territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), often inducing infarcts that affect the sensorimotor cortex, causing persistent plegia or paresis on the contralateral side of the body. We demonstrate in this video a method for producing ischemic stroke in elderly rats, which causes sustained sensorimotor disability and substantial cortical infarcts. Specifically, we induce permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in elderly female rats by using diathermy forceps to occlude a short segment of this artery. The carotid artery on the ipsilateral side to the lesion was then permanently occluded and the contralateral carotid artery was transiently occluded for 60 min. We measure the infarct size using structural T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 24 hr and 8 weeks after stroke. In this study, the mean infarct volume was 4.5% &#177; 2.0% (standard deviation) of the ipsilateral hemisphere at 24 hr (corrected for brain swelling using Gerriet&#8217;s equation, n = 5). This model is feasible and clinically relevant as it permits the induction of sustained sensorimotor deficits, which is important for the elucidation of pathophysiological mechanisms and novel treatments.

Here we present a protocol to produce permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion in elderly female rats with simultaneous occlusion of the carotid arteries to generate large cortical infarcts and sustained deficits. We show confirmation of the lesion size using structural MRI at 24 hr and 8 weeks after stroke.

持続的な障害と皮質虚血を研究するために高齢ラットにおける一般的な頸動脈閉塞と永久遠位中大脳の実行

Stroke typically occurs in elderly people with a range of comorbidities including carotid (or other arterial) atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, ...

In Vivo Gene Transfer to the Rabbit Common Carotid Artery Endothelium

The goal of this method is to introduce a transgene into the endothelium of isolated segments of both rabbit common carotid arteries. The method achieves focal endothelial-selective transgenesis, thereby allowing an investigator to determine the biological roles of endothelial-expressed transgenes and to quantify the in vivo transcriptional activity of DNA sequences in large artery endothelial cells. The method uses surgical isolation of rabbit common carotid arteries and an arteriotomy to deliver a transgene-expressing viral vector into the arterial lumen. A short incubation period of the vector in the lumen, with subsequent aspiration of the lumen contents, is sufficient to achieve efficient and durable expression of the transgene in the endothelium, with no detectable transduction or expression outside of the isolated arterial segment. The method allows assessment of the biological activities of transgene products both in normal arteries and in models of human vascular disease, while avoiding systemic effects that could be caused either by targeting gene delivery to other sites (e.g. the liver) or by the alternative approach of delivering genetic constructs to the endothelium by germ line transgenesis. Application of the method is limited by the need for a skilled surgeon and anesthetist, a well-equipped operating room, the costs of purchasing and housing rabbits, and the need for expertise in gene-transfer vector construction and use. Results obtained with this method include: transgene-related alterations in arterial structure, cellularity, extracellular matrix, or vasomotor function; increases or reductions in arterial inflammation; alterations in vascular cell apoptosis; and progression, retardation, or regression of diseases such as intimal hyperplasia or atherosclerosis. The method also allows measurement of the ability of native and synthetic DNA regulatory sequences to alter transgene expression in endothelial cells, providing results that include: levels of transgene mRNA, levels of transgene protein, and levels of transgene enzymatic activity.

In Vivo Gene Transfer to the Rabbit Common Carotid Artery Endothelium

This method is to introduce a transgene into the endothelium of rabbit carotid arteries. Introduction of the transgene allows the assessment of the biological role of the transgene product either in normal arteries or disease models. The method is also useful for measuring activity of DNA regulatory sequences.

生体内でウサギの一般的な頚動脈内皮細胞への遺伝子導入

The goal of this method is to introduce a transgene into the endothelium of isolated segments of both rabbit common carotid arteries. The method achieves ...

A Rabbit Model of Durable Transgene Expression in Jugular Vein to Common Carotid Artery Interposition Grafts

Vein graft bypass surgery is a common treatment for occlusive arterial disease; however, long-term success is limited by graft failure due to thrombosis, intimal hyperplasia, and atherosclerosis. The goal of this article is to demonstrate a method for placing bilateral venous interposition grafts in a rabbit, then transducing the grafts with a gene transfer vector that achieves durable transgene expression. The method allows the investigation of the biological roles of genes and their protein products in normal vein graft homeostasis. It also allows the testing of transgenes for the activities that could prevent vein graft failure, e.g., whether the expression of a transgene prevents the neointimal growth, reduces the vascular inflammation, or reduces atherosclerosis in rabbits fed with a high-fat diet. During an initial survival surgery, the segments of right and left external jugular vein are excised and placed bilaterally as reversed end-to-side common carotid artery interposition grafts. During a second survival surgery, performed 28 days later, each of the grafts is isolated from the circulation with vascular clips and the lumens are filled (via an arteriotomy) with a solution containing a helper-dependent adenoviral (HDAd) vector. After a 20-min incubation, the vector solution is aspirated, the arteriotomy is repaired, and flow is restored. The veins are harvested at time points dictated by individual experimental protocols. The 28-day delay between the graft placement and the transduction is necessary to ensure the adaptation of the vein graft to the arterial circulation. This adaptation avoids rapid loss of transgene expression that occurs in vein grafts transduced before or immediately after grafting. The method is unique in its ability to achieve durable, stable transgene expression in grafted veins. Compared to other large animal vein graft models, rabbits have advantages of low cost and easy handling. Compared to rodent vein graft models, rabbits have larger and easier-to-manipulate blood vessels that provide abundant tissue for analysis.

This method describes the placement of interposition vein grafts in rabbits, the transduction of the grafts, and the achievement of durable transgene expression. This allows the investigation of physiological and pathological roles of transgenes and their protein products in grafted veins, and testing of gene therapies for vein graft disease.

耐久性のある遺伝子発現により一般的な頚動脈移植に頸静脈の家兎モデル

Vein graft bypass surgery is a common treatment for occlusive arterial disease; however, long-term success is limited by graft failure due to thrombosis, ...

Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Rat Common Carotid Artery

Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) is a noninvasive approach that can quantify flow-related parameters such as blood flow. Previous studies have shown that abnormal blood flow may be associated with systemic vascular risk. Thus, PC-MRI can facilitate the translation of data obtained from animal models of cardiovascular diseases to pertinent clinical investigations. In this report, we describe the procedure for measuring blood flow in the common carotid artery (CCA) of rats using cine-gated PC-MRI and discuss relevant analysis methods. This procedure can be performed in a live, anesthetized animal and does not require euthanasia after the procedure. The proposed scanning parameters yield repeatable measurements for blood flow, indicating excellent reproducibility of the results. The PC-MRI procedure described in this article can be used for pharmacological testing, pathophysiological assessment, and cerebral hemodynamics evaluation.

The overall goal of this procedure is to measure the blood flow in the rat common carotid artery by using noninvasive phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging.

ラットの総頸動脈で位相コントラスト磁気共鳴イメージング

Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) is a noninvasive approach that can quantify flow-related parameters such as blood flow. Previous ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and drugs. It is widely used in many studies on the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle, the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as hypertension, and the development of smooth muscle relaxant drugs. The mouse is a widely used model animal with a large pool of disease models and genetically modified strains. We introduced this method to measure the isometric contraction of mouse mesenteric artery in detail. A 1.4-mm segment of mouse mesenteric resistance artery was isolated and mounted on a myograph chamber by passing two steel wires through its lumen. After equilibration and normalization steps, the vessel segment was potentiated by a high-K+ solution twice prior to the contraction assay. As an example of the application of this method in drug development, we measured the relaxant effect of a novel natural substance, neoliensinine, isolated from a Chinese herb, embryos of the lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on mouse mesenteric arteries. The vessel segments mounted on the myograph chamber were stimulated with a high-K+ solution. When the force tension reached a stable sustained phase, cumulative doses of neoliensinine were added to the chamber. We found that neoliensinine had a dose-dependent relaxant effect on smooth muscle contraction, thus suggesting that it bears potential activity against hypertension. In addition, as the vessel segment can survive at least 4 hours after mounting and maintain contractility induced by the high-K+ solution for many times, we suggest that the wire myograph system may be used for the time-consuming process of drug screening.

The wire myograph technique is used to investigate vascular smooth muscle functions and screen new drugs. We report a detailed protocol for measuring the isometric contractility of the mouse mesenteric artery and for screening new relaxants of vascular smooth muscle.

ワイヤー図法を使用してマウスの腸間膜動脈の等尺性収縮力測定

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Allowing Reperfusion via Common Carotid Artery Repair in Mice

The ischemic stroke is a major cause of adult long-term disability and death worldwide. The current treatments available are limited, with only tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) as an approved drug treatment to target ischemic strokes. Current research in the field of ischemic stroke focuses on better understanding the pathophysiology of stroke, to develop and investigate novel pharmaceutical targets. Reliable experimental stroke models are crucial for the progression of potential treatments. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model is clinically relevant and the most frequently used surgical model of ischemic stroke in rodents. However, the outcomes of this model, such as lesion volume, are associated with high levels of variability, particularly in mice. The alternative MCAO model described here allows the reperfusion of the common carotid artery (CCA) and the increased perfusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory, using a tissue pad with fibrinogen-based sealant to repair the vessel, and the improved welfare of the mice by avoiding external carotid artery (ECA) ligation. This reduces the reliance on the Circle of Willis, which is known to be highly anatomically variable in mice. Representative data show that using this alternative surgical approach decreases the variability in lesion volumes between the traditional MCAO approach and the alternative approach described here.

Intraluminal filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery is the most frequently used in vivo model of experimental stroke in rodents. An alternative surgical approach to allow common carotid artery repair is performed here, which allows the reperfusion of the common carotid artery and a full reperfusion to the middle cerebral artery territory.

マウスにおける一般的な頸動脈の修理で再灌流を許可する中大脳動脈閉塞

The ischemic stroke is a major cause of adult long-term disability and death worldwide. The current treatments available are limited, with only tissue ...