著者らは、スキャンソフトウェアの改善との継続的なサポートのためのマスター参照モデルとAlicona会社を製造するための歯科技工士ニコラLanfranconiに感謝します。

1。試料の準備/ベース<ol><li>標本の周りフラットベースを適用します。スキャンテーブルの上に試料を置きます。水平面（ 図1）に咬合面を配向。 </li></ol> 2。ソフトウェア解析<ol><li>プログラムを起動した後、実験室測定モジュール（ 図2） </li><li>スキャンテーブルの中心に試料を置きます。 </li><li>正しい倍率レンズを選択してください。大きなオブジェクトの場合は、完全なアーチスキャンのように、5倍の対物レンズを使用しています。 </li><li>試験片の表面はライブビューウィンドウ（ 図3）上に表示されるまで、3Dマウスを使って、スキャン光学系を移動します。 </li><li>最適な走査パラメータを達成するための露出とコントラストを設定するためにセンサ制御を使用してください。金属表面の場合は、400および800秒と0.3と0.8の間のコントラストの間に露出します（ 図4）を使用します。 </li><li>ボタンをチェックすることにより、画像品質を確認「ライブプレビューで表示画質」。 </li><li>の「測定制御」で正しいパラメータを設定します。測定タイプが「3Dデータセット」である。に、ImageFieldタイプ」は、一般に、ImageField」（ 図5）である。 </li><li> 「新しいのImageField」をクリックします。 </li><li>スキャンボリュームを定義します。ソフトウェアは、メジャーボリュームの境界座標を必要とします。 <ol><li>最高と最低のスキャンレベルに試料を移動し、両方の点で、「追加位置」をクリックしてください。 「Z範囲」の値は、スキャンボリューム（ 図6）の実際の高さを示している。 </li><li>走査空間のXY boundingsに試料を移動します。 X軸およびY軸の長さを定義するために、「追加位置」をクリックしてください。スキャンボリュームの寸法は、「情報」タブで示され、X軸及びY軸が1cmで試験片の寸法を超えるべきである。 </li></ol></li><li> 「ポイント」の番号を確認してください。ソフトウェアは、1つ &quot;のImageField「スキャンにおける走査億表面の点が可能である。実数この点の制限が超えています。ポイントサイズの「横ダウンサンプリング」によって計測点の数を「デシメーション」。 <ol><li> 「詳細設定」（ 図7）をクリックします。 </li><li> 「ポイント」数は100、M（ 図7）以下に減少するまで、右に「ラテラルダウンサンプリング」のスライダを移動します。ダウンサンプリングは、走査対象のより大きな画素サイズで、その結果、表面の点の横方向の解像度を低下させる。最適なスキャン結果を確実にするために、垂直方向の解像度が増加する。 </li></ol></li><li> 「測定開始」をクリックします。これは「プレビューモード」を起動します。ソフトウェアは、選択されたXおよびY軸寸法のプレスキャンを実行する。 </li><li>プリスキャンが完了した後、関心領域を選択する。これは、ファイルサイズと走査時間（ 図8）を低減するのに役立つ。 </li><li>フラットベース（ 図9）を含む、試料の周りの試料と2小節のフィールドを除いて、プレスキャンのすべての部分を選択します。 </li><li>スキャンを開始するには「スタート」をクリックします。 </li><li>マウスを使って「ImageViewerの」でスキャンを制御し、マウスの左ボタン（ 図10）を押します。 </li><li>ウィンドウを閉じ、「オンリービュー疑似色」をクリックしてください。 </li><li> 「設定」をクリックして、「擬似カラーリング」と「再現性」を選択します。 </li><li> 「最大」に設定0.2に付加価値と「適用範囲」をクリックしてください。 </li><li>再現性を制御するには、同じ傾斜と材料と地域のために等しくなければなりません。具体的には、試料の周りのベースは、均質な再現性（ 図11）を表示する必要があります。 </li><li> 「データベース」をクリックし、適切なフォルダにスキャンを保存します。 </li><li>必要に応じて、さまざまなファイル形式へのスキャンをエクスポートします。 「File/Export/3Dデータとして/ ...」をクリックしますプロトコルは、その時点で一時停止し、後に継続することができる。 </li></ol> 3。差分解析<ol><li>ベースを離れてカットする「3D-Editor &quot;を使用してください。このエリアには、違いのために使用されることはありません分析。 </li><li> 2つのスキャンを比較し、分析するために、「差測定」ソフトウェア（ 図12）を起動します。 </li><li>比較する2番目のモデルを選択します。 </li><li>モデルの最初の一致を実行するために「自動ラフアライメント」をクリックします。 </li><li> 「手動調整」をクリックして、それらが同じ向き（ 図13）になるまで回転させて移動してモデルを揃える。 </li><li> 「自動アライメント」をクリックして、最適なモデルマッチングに最適なアルゴリズムを開始するには「適用」。 </li><li> 2マッチしたモデルの差分マップを表示するには、 &quot;違い&quot;をクリックしてください。 </li><li> （ 図14）の偏差を表示するには、適切な色の範囲を選択します。分析用のスクリーンショットのような視覚偏差パターンを保存します。 </li></ol>差の統計値を表示する「統計」をクリックします。 1ミクロンクラスのサイズを選択して、統計的な比較のためにテキストファイルにヒストグラムデータを保存する（ 図15）。

<ol>
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著者は、彼らが競合する経済的利益やその他の利害関係がないことを宣言します。

精度は、歯科医学の基本的な需要がある。基準スキャナは、高真度と精度で小規模および大規模なオブジェクトをスキャンすることができます。最適な走査方法であっても個々の歯の表面の詳細な形態学は、解像度が高く再現性でスキャンすることができる。スキャナの異なった倍率レベルで、マクロとミクロの形態学的構造を取得することができる。これは、モデルの様々な材料を走査す?...

精度は、歯科医学の多くの分野での主要な関心である。歯の硬組織を交換すると、適切な機能を確保し、さらに残りの歯の構造1,2を破壊防ぐために、正確なフィッティングプロテーゼを必要とします。固定部分義歯と総補綴物は、準備された歯やインプラント3のような構造を支援する正確なフィッティングのために特に重要である。非常に正確な再現が必要な理由は、特に、歯科印象と歯科技工所のワークフローの分野である。しかし、歯科治療の他の分野は、治療の成功を確認し、新たな治療戦略などソフトとハードの組織増強、腐食や磨耗監視、歯周治療、および矯正治療4,5を評価するために、真実かつ正確な韻律成果から利益を得る。これらの分野の多くでは、現在の検証手順は、キャリパーや顕微鏡6,7との直線距離の測定値である。これらのメタODSは、少数の測定点と検査部位の三次元（3D）の変化の限定された情報に限定される。新しい測定方法は、試験対象物8,9の表面全体の光または放射線撮影が挙げられる。ここで、全表面又は体積を測定し、コンピュータ画面上の3Dオブジェクトとして表示される。リニア測定が可能であるだけでなく、様々なスキャン時間からモデルの重ね合わせ。この重ね合わせにより、各スキ​​ャン点における表面変化の評価が可能である。これは、特定の領域を監視したり、すべての3座標軸の変形を表示する可能性を可能にします。また、体積変化が10を測定することができる。これらの新しい方法に限定する点は、試験対象物を捕捉するために使用されるスキャナの精度である。基準スキャナの精度内の変更のいずれも、試験対象または走査誤差の変化に分割することができない。スキャン精度は、多くの場合、MANUによって与えられた値であり、小さ ​​な、校正されたオブジェクト11をスキャンすることに由来しで経済。歯列弓のような大きなオブジェクトをスキャンする場合、この最小限のスキャンエラーが異なります。精度は、真度と精度で構成されています。真実は、その本当のジオメトリからスキャンされたオブジェクトの偏差です。精度を繰り返しスキャン（ISO 5725から1）との偏差である。本研究では、焦点変動走査技術に基づく新しい光学的基準スキャナは、最高の精度で完全なアーチモデルに単一の歯から検体をスキャンするために導入した。この基準スキャナは、従来とデジタル技術12月14日からと歯科咬合と歯科材料の摩耗に関する実際のプロジェクトのための歯科用印象の精度を比較した、いくつかの研究のためのベースとして使用された。本研究の目的は、基準スキャナおよび歯科研究の分野においてこのデバイスを使用するいくつかの可能性の精度の基本的な情報を提供することであった。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Reference model</td><td></td><td></td><td>individual non-precious metal model, derived from a patient impression</td></tr><tr><td>Araldit repair</td><td>Huntsmen Advanced Material, Basel, Switzerland</td><td></td><td>used for making the base of the reference model</td></tr><tr><td>CamBase</td><td>Dentona, Dortmund, Germany</td><td></td><td>Type IV dental ston for pouring conventional impressions</td></tr><tr><td>Identium</td><td>Kettenbach, Eschenburg, Germany</td><td></td><td>Vinylsiloxanether impression material for conventional impression</td></tr><tr><td>inEOS model holder</td><td>Sirona Dental Systems, Bensheim, Germany</td><td></td><td>used for fixing stone models at the reference scanner</td></tr><tr><td>Accutrans</td><td>Coltene Whaledent, Altst&amp;auml;tten, Switzerland</td><td></td><td>used for making the base of thestone models</td></tr><tr><td>President putty</td><td>Coltene Whaledent, Altst&amp;auml;tten, Switzerland</td><td></td><td>mix with accutrans for betterstability of the base</td></tr><tr><td>Alicona Infinite Focus</td><td>Alicona Imaging, Graz, Austria</td><td></td><td>Reference scanner&amp;nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table>

accuracy in dental medicine, a new way to measure trueness and precision

基準スキャナは、手順の多くを確認するために、歯科医療において使用されている。主な関心は、彼らが歯科修復のための拠点として機能したような印象の方法を確認することです。多くの参考スキャナの電流制限は、完全な歯列弓のような大きな物体を走査し、精度の不足、または詳細歯の表面を評価するための限定された可能性である。焦点変動走査技術に基づいて、新たな基準スキャナは、最も一般的なローカルおよび正確性に関して評価した。特定の走査プロトコルは、歯科印象から元の歯の表面を走査するために試験した。また、別のモデル材料を確認した。結果は、完全なアーチスキャンの場合の精度のための真度および1.6±0.6μmの5.3±1.1ミクロンの平均偏差と基準スキャナの高いスキャニング精度を示した。 T現在の歯科用印象方法ははるかに高い偏差（12.5±2.5ミクロン：20.4±2.2μmで、精度の正確さ）を示したハン基準スキャナの内部スキャンの精度。単一の歯の表面のような小さなオブジェクトは、びらん性および研磨歯の表面損失を評価するためのシステムを可能にする、より高精度で走査することができる。基準スキャナは、歯科研究分野の多くのための違いを測定するために使用することができる。高い局所および全身精度と組み合わさ種の異なった倍率レベルは、完全なアーチに変化するまで、単一の歯または修復の変化を評価するために使用することができる。

図16aは、石膏試料のスキャンを示しています。最適なスキャンパラメータを確認するには、材料のための再現性を制御します。標本のセクションでは、さまざまなコントラストと明るさの設定でスキャンされ、再現性は、最適なスキャン設定を見つけるために、各スキャン後にチェックされている。金属表面は、高いコントラストでコントラストも低い1.0石膏や樹脂材料で最高?...

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Accuracy in Dental Medicine, A New Way to Measure Trueness and Precision

精度は、歯科医療の主要な需要である。正確性を検証するために、リファレンス·スキャナが必要とされている。この記事では、高い真度と精度を有する歯科用の形態の多種多様なを取得するように調整スキャン方法を使用して新しい基準スキャナを提示します。

歯科医学、真度と精度を測定するための新しい方法の精度

Reference scanners are used in dental medicine to verify a lot of procedures. The main interest is to verify impression methods as they serve as a base ...

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13.3K ビュー.  University of Zürich. 精度は、歯科医療の主要な需要である。正確性を検証するために、リファレンス·スキャナが必要とされている。この記事では、高い真度と精度を有する歯科用の形態の多種多様なを取得するように調整スキャン方法を使用して新しい基準スキャナを提示します。 

ビデオ: Accuracy in Dental Medicine, A New Way to Measure Trueness and Precision

Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation

Polymerization shrinkage of dental resin composites can lead to restoration debonding or cracked tooth tissues in composite-restored teeth. In order to understand where and how shrinkage strain and stress develop in such restored teeth, Digital Image Correlation (DIC) was used to provide a comprehensive view of the displacement and strain distributions within model restorations that had undergone polymerization shrinkage.
Specimens with model cavities were made of cylindrical glass rods with both diameter and length being 10 mm. The dimensions of the mesial-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavity prepared in each specimen measured 3 mm and 2 mm in width and depth, respectively. After filling the cavity with resin composite, the surface under observation was sprayed with first a thin layer of white paint and then fine black charcoal powder to create high-contrast speckles. Pictures of that surface were then taken before curing and 5 min after. Finally, the two pictures were correlated using DIC software to calculate the displacement and strain distributions.
The resin composite shrunk vertically towards the bottom of the cavity, with the top center portion of the restoration having the largest downward displacement. At the same time, it shrunk horizontally towards its vertical midline. Shrinkage of the composite stretched the material in the vicinity of the &#8220;tooth-restoration&#8221; interface, resulting in cuspal deflections and high tensile strains around the restoration. Material close to the cavity walls or floor had direct strains mostly in the directions perpendicular to the interfaces. Summation of the two direct strain components showed a relatively uniform distribution around the restoration and its magnitude equaled approximately to the volumetric shrinkage strain of the material.

In order to understand the spatial development of polymerization shrinkage stress in dental resin-composite restorations, Digital Image Correlation was used to provide full-field displacement/strain measurement of restored model glass cavities by correlating images of the restoration taken before and after polymerization.

模擬空洞内に歯科用コンポジットの収縮は、デジタル画像相関で測定

Polymerization shrinkage of dental resin composites can lead to restoration debonding or cracked tooth tissues in composite-restored teeth. In order to ...

医学

Measuring the Complete-arch Distortion of an Optical Dental Impression

Digital workflows have actively been used to produce dental restorations or oral appliances since dentists started to make digital impressions by acquiring 3D images with an intraoral scanner. Because of the nature of scanning the oral cavity in the patient&#39;s mouth, the intraoral scanner is a handheld device with a small optical window, stitching together small data to complete the entire image. During the complete-arch impression procedure, a deformation of the impression body can occur and affect the fit of the restoration or appliance. In order to measure these distortions, a master specimen was designed and produced with a metal 3D printer. Designed reference geometries allow setting independent coordinate systems for each impression and measure x, y, and z displacements of the cylinder top circle center where the distortion of the impression can be evaluated. In order to evaluate the reliability of this method, the coordinate values of the cylinder are calculated and compared between the original computer-aided design (CAD) data and the reference data acquired with the industrial scanner. The coordinate differences between the two groups were mostly less than 50 &#181;m, but the deviations were high due to the tolerance of 3D printing in the z coordinates of the obliquely designed cylinder on the molar. However, since the printed model sets a new standard, it does not affect the results of the test evaluation. The reproducibility of the reference scanner is 11.0 &#177; 1.8 &#181;m. This test method can be used to identify and improve upon the intrinsic problems of an intraoral scanner or to establish a scanning strategy by measuring the degree of distortion at each part of the complete-arch digital impression.

Here, we present a protocol to measure the degree of distortion at each part of the compete-arch digital impression acquired from an intraoral scanner with 3D-printed metal phantom with standard geometries.

光学歯科印象の完全アーチ歪みを測定する

Digital workflows have actively been used to produce dental restorations or oral appliances since dentists started to make digital impressions by ...

工学

Digital Hybrid Model Preparation for Virtual Planning of Reconstructive Dentoalveolar Surgical Procedures

Virtual, hybrid three-dimensional (3D) model acquisition is presented in this article, utilizing the sequence of radiographic image segmentation, spatial registration, and free-form surface modeling. Firstly cone-beam computed tomography datasets were reconstructed with a semi-automatic segmentation method. Alveolar bone and teeth are separated into different segments, allowing 3D morphology, and localization of periodontal intrabony defects to be assessed. The severity, extent, and morphology of acute and chronic alveolar ridge defects are validated concerning adjacent teeth. On virtual complex tissue models, positions of dental implants can be planned in 3D. Utilizing spatial registration of IOS and CBCT data and subsequent free-form surface modeling, realistic 3D hybrid models can be acquired, visualizing alveolar bone, teeth, and soft tissues. With the superimposition of IOS and CBCT soft tissue, thickness above the edentulous ridge can be assessed about the underlying bone dimensions; therefore, flap design and surgical flap management can be determined, and occasional complications may be avoided.

A workflow for creating three-dimensional (3D) virtual hybrid models has been designed based on cone-beam computed tomography dataset and intraoral optical scans utilizing radiographic image segmentation methods and free-form surface modeling. Digital models are used for the virtual planning of reconstructive dentoalveolar surgical procedures.

歯槽骨再建手術の仮想計画のためのデジタルハイブリッドモデル作成

Virtual, hybrid three-dimensional (3D) model acquisition is presented in this article, utilizing the sequence of radiographic image segmentation, spatial ...

Dynamic Navigation for Dental Implant Placement

In modern implantology, the application of surgical navigation systems is becoming increasingly important. In addition to static surgical navigation methods, a guide-independent dynamic navigation implant placement procedure is becoming more widespread. The procedure is based on computer-guided dental implant placement utilizing optical control. This work aims to demonstrate the technical steps of a new dynamic computer-aided implant surgery (DCAIS)&#160;system (design, calibration, surgery) and check the accuracy of the results. Based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, the exact positions of implants are determined with dedicated software. The first step of the operation is the calibration of the navigation system, which can be performed in two ways: 1) based on CBCT images taken with a marker or 2) based on CBCT images without markers. Implants are inserted with the aid of real-time navigation according to the preoperative plans. The accuracy of the interventions can be evaluated based on postoperative CBCT images. The preoperative images containing the planned positions of the implants and postoperative CBCT images were compared based on the angulation (degree), platform, and apical deviation (mm) of the implants. To evaluate the data, we calculated the standard deviation (SD), mean, and standard error of the mean (SEM) of deviations within planned and performed implant positions. Differences between the two calibration methods were compared based on this data. Based on the interventions performed so far, the use of DCAIS allows for high-precision implant placement. A calibration system that does not require labeled CBCT recording allows for surgical intervention with similar accuracy as a system that uses labeling. The accuracy of the intervention can be improved by training.

Dynamic computer-aided implant surgery (DCAIS) is a controlled implant surgical placement method performed without a surgical template using optical control. The real-time intraoperative control of movement and position of the surgical device simplifies the procedure and gives more freedom to the surgeon, providing similar precision as static navigation methods.

歯科インプラント埋入のための動的ナビゲーション

In modern implantology, the application of surgical navigation systems is becoming increasingly important. In addition to static surgical navigation ...

A Standardized Approach to Extra-Oral and Intra-Oral Digital Photography

Contemporary dentistry mandates a more comprehensive and personalized analysis of each patient. Technological advances in digital photography have played vital roles in diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, execution of therapies, and outcome evaluations, including esthetic enhancement. Digital photography also provides an excellent platform for patient education, communication, and co-management of cases with other healthcare providers. However, intra-oral photography often faces challenges such as inaccessibility of areas to be captured, different moveable vs. fixed tissues involved, contamination with saliva or blood, and differing illumination needs on various locations. Thus, a more standardized and systematic approach is proposed for intra- and extra-oral documentation via digital photography to overcome the existing technical challenges. The current work will outline the appropriate equipment specifications (camera bodies, macro lens, and flashes), positions and postures of the operator and patients, proper techniques of tissue retraction, the use of appropriate intra-oral mirrors, and the essential elements such as aperture settings (F-stop), ISO, shutter speed, and white balance. This article aims to provide all dental professionals with an approachable linear array of guidelines to produce simplified and standardized visual tools for more efficient and effective documentation.

The present protocol describes a method to capture intra- and extra-oral photographs for digital documentation in the clinical practice of dentistry. The protocol highlights all the critical components involved and the commonly utilized settings to capture dental photographs for clinical documentation.

口腔外および口腔内デジタル写真への標準化されたアプローチ

Contemporary dentistry mandates a more comprehensive and personalized analysis of each patient. Technological advances in digital photography have played ...

Precision of In Vivo Quantitative Tooth Wear Measurement Using Intra-Oral Scans

Quantitative wear measurement is of increasing interest for measuring tooth wear progression. However, most research on quantitative wear measurement has focused on simulated wear or scanned gypsum casts. A 3D Wear Analysis (3DWA) protocol has been developed that analyzes tooth wear in vivo through intra-oral scanners available to dental clinicians. This study investigated the precision of the 3DWA protocol for measuring wear through maximum height loss (mm) and volume change (mm3). Observational prospective wear data from 55 patients were analyzed after 0-1-, 0-3-, and 0-5-year intervals to determine rates of wear, and convenience samples were chosen to test the protocol&#39;s precision on dentitions scanned twice in one sitting and its intra- and inter-rater precision on scans with 0-3- and 0-5-year intervals. Scans were made using intra-oral scanners (IOS) and superimposed using 3D measurement software. T-tests were performed to determine the structural and random error, and trimmed ranges were calculated to interpret the error. For protocol precision, the mean difference was 0.015 mm (-0.002; 0.032, p = 0.076) for height and -0.111 mm3 (-0.250; 0.023, p = 0.101) for volume. The duplicate measurement error was 0.062 mm for height and 0.268 mm3 for volume. The height measurements were precise enough to measure wear after intervals of 0-3 or 0-5 years; however, volume measurements were susceptible to procedural error and operator sensitivity. The 3DWA protocol is precise enough to adequately measure tooth height loss after intervals of a minimum of 3 years or in patients with severe wear progression, but it is not suited to measuring volumetric changes.

Precision of In Vivo Quantitative Tooth Wear Measurement Using Intra-Oral Scans

Quantitative wear measurement is a method of increasing importance in measuring tooth wear progression. We here describe a protocol, its precision, and its intra/inter-rater precision for the acquisition and superimposition of repeated in vivo scanned dentitions in patients with moderate to severe wear, reporting on both height and volume measurements.

口腔内スキャンを用いた in vivo 定量歯摩耗測定の精度(英語)

Quantitative wear measurement is of increasing interest for measuring tooth wear progression. However, most research on quantitative wear measurement has ...

Dynamic Navigation in Endodontics: Guided Access Cavity Preparation by Means of a Miniaturized Navigation System

In the case of teeth with pulp canal calcification (PCC) and apical pathology or pulpitis, root canal treatment can be very challenging. PCC are common sequelae of dental trauma but can also occur with stimuli such as caries, bruxism, or after placing a restoration. In order to access the root canal as minimally invasive as possible in case of a necessary root canal treatment, dynamic navigation has recently been introduced in endodontics in addition to static navigation. The use of a dynamic navigation system (DNS) requires pre-operative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging and a digital surface scan. If necessary, reference markers must be placed on the teeth before the CBCT scan; with some systems, these can also be planned and created digitally afterward. By means of a stereo camera connected to the planning software, the drill can now be coordinated with the help of reference markers and virtual planning. As a result, the position of the drill can be displayed on the monitor in real-time during preparation in different planes. In addition, the spatial displacement, the angular deviation, and the depth position are also displayed separately. The few commercially available DNS mostly consist of relatively large camera-marker-systems. Here, the DNS contains miniaturized components: a low-weight camera (97 g) mounted on the micromotor of the electric handpiece utilizing a manufacturer-specific connecting mechanism and a small marker (10 mm x 15 mm), which can be easily attached to an individually manufactured intraoral tray. For research purposes, a post-operative CBCT scan can be matched with the pre-operative one, and the volume of tooth structure removed can be calculated by the software. This work aims to present the technique of guided access cavity preparation by means of a miniaturized navigation system from imaging to clinical implementation.

Dynamic navigation systems (DNS) provide real-time visualization and guidance to the operator during endodontic access cavities preparation. The planning of the procedure requires three-dimensional imaging utilizing cone beam computed tomography and surface scans. After the export of the planning data to the DNS, access cavities can be prepared with minimal invasion.

歯内療法におけるダイナミックナビゲーション:小型ナビゲーションシステムによるガイド付きアクセスキャビティ準備

In the case of teeth with pulp canal calcification (PCC) and apical pathology or pulpitis, root canal treatment can be very challenging. PCC are common ...

Guided Endodontics: Three-Dimensional Planning and Template-Aided Preparation of Endodontic Access Cavities

Pulp canal obliterations (PCO) are often a consequence of dental trauma, such as luxation injuries. Even though dentin apposition is a sign of vital pulp, pulpitis or apical periodontitis may develop in the long term. Root canal treatment of teeth with severe PCO and pulpal or periapical pathosis is challenging for general practitioners and even for well-equipped endodontic specialists. To ensure detection of the calcified root canal and avoid excessive loss of tooth structure or root perforation, static navigation using templates ("Guided Endodontics") was introduced a few years ago. The general workflow includes three-dimensional imaging using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), a digital surface scan, and superimposition of both in a planning software. This is followed by virtual planning of the access cavity and the design of a template that will guide the drill to the desired target point. To do this, a true-to-scale virtual image of the drill must be placed in a way that the tip of the drill reaches the orifice of the calcified root canal. Once the template has been fabricated using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) or a 3D printer, guided preparation of the access cavity can be performed clinically. For research purposes, a postoperative CBCT image can be used to quantify the accuracy of the access cavity performed. This work aims to present the technique of static guided endodontics from imaging to clinical implementation.

Guided endodontics describes a template-aided approach for access cavity preparation. The procedure requires cone-beam computed tomography and a surface scan to produce a template. An incorporated sleeve guides the drill to the target point. This allows the preparation of minimally invasive endodontic access cavities in calcified teeth.

ガイド付き歯内療法:歯内アクセス虫歯の3次元計画とテンプレート支援準備

Pulp canal obliterations (PCO) are often a consequence of dental trauma, such as luxation injuries. Even though dentin apposition is a sign of vital pulp, ...

デジタル重ね合わせによる上顎後歯運動の評価

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition

Since the introduction of Invisalign by Align Technology, Inc. in 1999, questions and debates have persisted regarding the precision of Invisalign (clear aligner) therapy, particularly when compared to the use of traditional fixed appliances. This becomes particularly significant in cases involving anteroposterior, vertical, and transverse corrections, where precise comparisons are of paramount importance. To address these inquiries, this study introduces a meticulously devised protocol, placing a primary emphasis on digitally superimposing the movement of maxillary posterior teeth to facilitate accurate analysis. The sample included 25 patients who had completed their first series of Invisalign (clear) aligners. Four maxillary digital models (pre-treatment, post-treatment, ClinCheck-initial, and final models) were digitally superimposed using the palate rugae and dentitions as stable references. A software combination was used for model superimposition and tooth segmentation. Transformation matrices then expressed the differences between the achieved and predicted tooth positions. Thresholds for clinically relevant differences were at &plusmn;0.25 mm for linear displacement and &plusmn;2&#176; for rotation. Differences were assessed using Hotelling's T-squared tests with Bonferroni correction. The mean differences in rotation (2.036&#176; &plusmn; 4.217&#176;) and torque (-2.913&#176; &plusmn; 3.263&#176;) were significant statistically and clinically, with p-values of 0.023 and 0.0003 respectively. De-rotation of premolars and torque control for all posterior teeth were less predictable. All mean differences for the linear measurements were statistically and clinically insignificant, except that the first molars seemed slightly (0.256 mm) more intruded than their predicted position. The clear aligner system appears to meet its prediction for most translational tooth movements and mesial-distal tipping in maxillary posterior teeth for non-extraction cases with mild to moderate malocclusions.

著者スポットライト:クリアアライナー治療における上顎後歯の3D運動評価

This manuscript presents a comprehensive protocol to evaluate the three-dimensional (3D) movement of maxillary posterior teeth with clear aligners using digital model superimposition, an invaluable tool in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics.

上顎後歯の動きの測定:口蓋と歯の重ね合わせを使用したモデル評価

Since the introduction of Invisalign by Align Technology, Inc. in 1999, questions and debates have persisted regarding the precision of Invisalign (clear ...

歯科医学、真度と精度を測定するための新しい方法の精度

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模擬空洞内に歯科用コンポジットの収縮は、デジタル画像相関で測定

光学歯科印象の完全アーチ歪みを測定する

歯槽骨再建手術の仮想計画のためのデジタルハイブリッドモデル作成

歯科インプラント埋入のための動的ナビゲーション

口腔外および口腔内デジタル写真への標準化されたアプローチ

口腔内スキャンを用いた in vivo 定量歯摩耗測定の精度(英語)

歯内療法におけるダイナミックナビゲーション:小型ナビゲーションシステムによるガイド付きアクセスキャビティ準備

ガイド付き歯内療法:歯内アクセス虫歯の3次元計画とテンプレート支援準備

上顎後歯の動きの測定:口蓋と歯の重ね合わせを使用したモデル評価

上顎後歯の動きの測定:口蓋と歯の重ね合わせを使用したモデル評価