Name: network analysis of the default mode network using functional connectivity mri in temporal lobe epilepsy
Uploaded: 2014-08-05T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy at JoVE.com

Funding for this research was provided by&#160;The Epilepsy Foundation of America, Baylor College of Medicine Computational and Integrative Biomedical Research Center (CIBR) Seed Grant Awards (ZH);&#160;NIH-NINDS K23 Grant NS044936 (JMS); and&#160;The Leff Family Foundation (JMS).&#160;Data acquisition was assisted by: Elizabeth Pierce (UCLA).

1. Subjects
<ol>
	<li>The study population of 36 subjects includes 3 groups: right TLE (n=11), left TLE (n=12), and healthy controls (n=13). Obtain written informed consent from all subjects. The study follows the guidelines of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Institutional Review Board.</li>
	<li>The epilepsy subject groups should be patients who are candidates for anterior temporal lobe resection as determined by video-EEG monitoring, brain MRI, PET imaging, and neuropsychological testing. Patients sh...

<ol>
	<li>Biswal, B. B., Yetkin, F. Z., Haughton, V. M., Hyde, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+connectivity+in+the+motor+cortex+of+resting+human+brain+using+echo-planar+MRI.">Functional connectivity in the motor cortex of resting human brain using echo-planar MRI.</a> Magn. Reson. Med. 34, 537-541 (1995).</li><li>Fox, M. D., Greicius, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+applications+of+resting+state+functional+connectivity.">Clinical applications of resting state functional connectivity.</a> Front. Syst. Neurosci. 4, 1-13 (2010).</li><li>Laufs, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electroencephalographic+signatures+of+attentional+and+cognitive+default+modes+in+spontaneous+brain+activity+fluctuations+at+rest.">Electroencephalographic signatures of attentional and cognitive default modes in spontaneous brain activity fluctuations at rest.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 11053-11058 (1073).</li><li>Shmuel, A., Leopold, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuronal+correlates+of+spontaneous+fluctuations+in+fMRI+signals+in+monkey+visual+cortex:+Implications+for+functional+connectivity+at+rest.">Neuronal correlates of spontaneous fluctuations in fMRI signals in monkey visual cortex: Implications for functional connectivity at rest.</a> Hum. Brain Mapp. 29, 751-761 (2008).</li><li>Margulies, D. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resting+developments:+a+review+of+fMRI+post-processing+methodologies+for+spontaneous+brain+activity.">Resting developments: a review of fMRI post-processing methodologies for spontaneous brain activity.</a> Magn. Mater. Phys. Biol. 23, 289-307 (2010).</li><li>Biswal, B. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toward+discovery+science+of+human+brain+function.">Toward discovery science of human brain function.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107, 4734-4739 (2010).</li><li>Haneef, Z., Lenartowicz, A., Yeh, H. J., Engel, J., Stern, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+lateralized+temporal+lobe+epilepsy+on+the+default+mode+network.">Effect of lateralized temporal lobe epilepsy on the default mode network.</a> Epilepsy Behav. 25, 350-357 (2012).</li><li>Pillai, J. J., Williams, H. T., Faro, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+imaging+in+temporal+lobe+epilepsy.">Functional imaging in temporal lobe epilepsy.</a> Semin. Ultrasound. CT MR. 28, 437-450 (2007).</li><li>Blumenfeld, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Positive+and+negative+network+correlations+in+temporal+lobe+epilepsy.">Positive and negative network correlations in temporal lobe epilepsy.</a> Cereb. Cortex. 14, 892-902 (2004).</li><li>Dupont, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+perfusion+patterns+in+temporal+lobe+epilepsy.">Dynamic perfusion patterns in temporal lobe epilepsy.</a> Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Imaging. 36, 823-830 (2009).</li><li>Fransson, P., Marrelec, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+precuneus/posterior+cingulate+cortex+plays+a+pivotal+role+in+the+default+mode+network:+Evidence+from+a+partial+correlation+network+analysis.">The precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex plays a pivotal role in the default mode network: Evidence from a partial correlation network analysis.</a> Neuroimage. 42, 1178-1184 (2008).</li><li>Buckner, R. L., Andrews-Hanna, J. R., Schacter, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+brain's+default+network.">The brain's default network.</a> Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1124, 1-38 (2008).</li><li>Woolrich, M. W., Ripley, B. D., Brady, M., Smith, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temporal+autocorrelation+in+univariate+linear+modeling+of+FMRI+data.">Temporal autocorrelation in univariate linear modeling of FMRI data.</a> Neuroimage. 14, 1370-1386 (2001).</li><li>Forman, S. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+assessment+of+significant+activation+in+functional+magnetic+resonance+imaging+(fMRI):+use+of+a+cluster+size+threshold.">Improved assessment of significant activation in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI): use of a cluster size threshold.</a> Magn. Reson. Med. 33, 636-647 (1995).</li><li>Jenkinson, M., Bannister, P., Brady, M., Smith, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+optimization+for+the+robust+and+accurate+linear+registration+and+motion+correction+of+brain+images.">Improved optimization for the robust and accurate linear registration and motion correction of brain images.</a> Neuroimage. 17, 825-841 (2002).</li><li>Smith, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fast+robust+automated+brain+extraction.">Fast robust automated brain extraction.</a> Hum. Brain Mapp. 17, 143-155 (2002).</li><li>Raichle, M. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+default+mode+of+brain+function.">A default mode of brain function.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98, 676-682 (2001).</li><li>Uddin, L. Q., Kelly, A. M., Biswal, B. B., Castellanos, F. X., Milham, M. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+connectivity+of+default+mode+network+components:+correlation.">Functional connectivity of default mode network components: correlation.</a> Hum. Brain Mapp. 30, 625-637 (2009).</li><li>Singh, K. D., Fawcett, I. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transient+and+linearly+graded+deactivation+of+the+human+default-mode+network+by+a+visual+detection+task.">Transient and linearly graded deactivation of the human default-mode network by a visual detection task.</a> Neuroimage. 41, 100-112 (2008).</li><li>Worsley, K. J., Evans, A., Marrett, S., Neelin, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+three-dimensional+statistical+analysis+for+CBF+activation+studies+in+human+brain.">A three-dimensional statistical analysis for CBF activation studies in human brain.</a> J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 12, 900-918 (1992).</li><li>Spencer, S. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+networks+in+human+epilepsy:+evidence+of+and+implications+for+treatment.">Neural networks in human epilepsy: evidence of and implications for treatment.</a> Epilepsia. 43, 219-227 (2002).</li><li>Greicius, M. D., Srivastava, G., Reiss, A. L., Menon, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Default-mode+network+activity+distinguishes+Alzheimer's+disease+from+healthy+aging:+evidence+from+functional+MRI.">Default-mode network activity distinguishes Alzheimer's disease from healthy aging: evidence from functional MRI.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101, 4637-4642 (2004).</li><li>Kennedy, D. P., Redcay, E., Courchesne, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Failing+to+deactivate:+resting+functional+abnormalities+in+autism.">Failing to deactivate: resting functional abnormalities in autism.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103, 8275-8280 (2006).</li><li>Garrity, A. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aberrant+&amp;#34;default+mode&amp;#34;+functional+connectivity+in+schizophrenia.">Aberrant &amp;#34;default mode&amp;#34; functional connectivity in schizophrenia.</a> Am. J. Psychiatry. 164, 450-457 (2007).</li><li>Mannell, M. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resting+state+and+task-induced+deactivation:+A+methodological+comparison+in+patients+with+schizophrenia+and+healthy+controls.">Resting state and task-induced deactivation: A methodological comparison in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.</a> Hum. Brain Mapp. 31, 424-437 (2010).</li><li>Jones, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Age-related+changes+in+the+default+mode+network+are+more+advanced+in+Alzheimer+disease.">Age-related changes in the default mode network are more advanced in Alzheimer disease.</a> Neurology. 77, 1524-1531 (2011).</li><li>Kobayashi, Y., Amaral, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Macaque+monkey+retrosplenial+cortex+II.+Cortical+afferents.">Macaque monkey retrosplenial cortex II. Cortical afferents.</a> J. Comp. Neurol. 466, 48-79 (2003).</li><li>Dupont, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+perfusion+patterns+in+temporal+lobe+epilepsy.">Dynamic perfusion patterns in temporal lobe epilepsy.</a> Eur. J. Nuclear Med. Mol. Imaging. 36, 823-830 (2009).</li><li>Laufs, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temporal+lobe+interictal+epileptic+discharges+affect+cerebral+activity+in+&#8220;default+mode&#8221;+brain+regions.">Temporal lobe interictal epileptic discharges affect cerebral activity in &#8220;default mode&#8221; brain regions.</a> Hum. Brain Mapp. 28, 1023-1032 (2007).</li><li>Morgan, V. L., Gore, J. C., Abou-Khalil, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+epileptic+network+in+left+mesial+temporal+lobe+epilepsy+detected+using+resting+fMRI.">Functional epileptic network in left mesial temporal lobe epilepsy detected using resting fMRI.</a> Epilepsy Res. 88, 168-178 (2010).</li><li>Gotman, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generalized+epileptic+discharges+show+thalamocortical+activation+and+suspension+of+the+default+state+of+the+brain.">Generalized epileptic discharges show thalamocortical activation and suspension of the default state of the brain.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 15236-15240 (2005).</li><li>Hamandi, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=EEG-fMRI+of+idiopathic+and+secondarily+generalized+epilepsies.">EEG-fMRI of idiopathic and secondarily generalized epilepsies.</a> Neuroimage. 31, 1700-1710 (2006).</li><li>Pittau, F., Grova, C., Moeller, F., Dubeau, F., Gotman, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patterns+of+altered+functional+connectivity+in+mesial+temporal+lobe+epilepsy.">Patterns of altered functional connectivity in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.</a> Epilepsia. 53, 1013-1023 (2012).</li><li>Liao, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Default+mode+network+abnormalities+in+mesial+temporal+lobe+epilepsy:+a+study+combining+fMRI+and+DTI.">Default mode network abnormalities in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: a study combining fMRI and DTI.</a> Hum. Brain Mapp. 32, 883-895 (2011).</li><li>Pereira, F. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Asymmetrical+hippocampal+connectivity+in+mesial+temporal+lobe+epilepsy:+evidence+from+resting+state+fMRI.">Asymmetrical hippocampal connectivity in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: evidence from resting state fMRI.</a> BMC Neurosci. 11, 1-13 (2010).</li><li>Dupont, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bilateral+hemispheric+alteration+of+memory+processes+in+right+medial+temporal+lobe+epilepsy.">Bilateral hemispheric alteration of memory processes in right medial temporal lobe epilepsy.</a> J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 73, 478-485 (2002).</li><li>Vlooswijk, M. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+MRI+in+chronic+epilepsy:+associations+with+cognitive+impairment.">Functional MRI in chronic epilepsy: associations with cognitive impairment.</a> Lancet Neurol. 9, 1018-1027 (2010).</li><li>McCormick, C., Quraan, M., Cohn, M., Valiante, T. A., McAndrews, M. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Default+mode+network+connectivity+indicates+episodic+memory+capacity+in+mesial+temporal+lobe+epilepsy.">Default mode network connectivity indicates episodic memory capacity in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.</a> Epilepsia. 54, (2013).</li><li>Zhang, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Altered+spontaneous+neuronal+activity+of+the+default-mode+network+in+mesial+temporal+lobe+epilepsy.">Altered spontaneous neuronal activity of the default-mode network in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.</a> Brain Res. 1323, 152-160 (2010).</li><li>Horovitz, S. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Decoupling+of+the+brain's+default+mode+network+during+deep+sleep.">Decoupling of the brain's default mode network during deep sleep.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 11376-11381 (2009).</li><li>Deshpande, G., Kerssens, C., Sebel, P. S., Hu, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Altered+local+coherence+in+the+default+mode+network+due+to+sevoflurane+anesthesia.">Altered local coherence in the default mode network due to sevoflurane anesthesia.</a> Brain Res. 1318, 110-121 (2010).</li></ol>

Epilepsy is thought to be a network disease, and abnormalities of the involved networks are present during seizures and in the interictal state21. Task-based fMRI has been used to analyze abnormalities of the language and memory networks in TLE8. FcMRI has inherent advantages in studying the DMN12 as it is a network mainly active in the resting state. The DMN is a network of brain regions that has been found to be active in awake individuals who are left undisturbed and are engaged in spo...

Functional Connectivity MRI (fcMRI) is a relatively recent analytic approach to fMRI data that quantifies the relationship between different brain regions based on the similarity of their blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal time series &#8211; this is called &#8220;functional&#8221; connectivity, and is distinguishable from anatomical connectivity that describes the existence of physical connections between regions (e.g.,&#160;white matter fibers). In a special application of this approach, the time series are collected when the participant is not engaged in a task&#160;or is in the so-called &#8220;resting state&#8221;.
Although first described in 19951, there has been immense interest in fcMRI resulting in approximately 1,000 publications related to the technique in 2012. fcMRI has intrinsic benefits over task-based fMRI in (1) that there is no specific task to be performed, (2) subject cooperation is not necessary, (3) datasets can be used to query several different networks, (4) better signal to noise ratio is present likely due to differences in cerebral energetics involved, and (5) circumvention of task-related confounds2. As a proof of its concept, fcMRI changes have been shown to correspond with changes in EEG3 and local field potentials4 in the brain.
Techniques of fcMRI analysis include ROI/ seed-based techniques, independent component analysis (ICA), graph theory analysis, Granger causality analysis, local methods (amplitude of low frequency fluctuations, regional homogeneity analysis), and others5. No single technique has yet demonstrated clear superiority over another, although&#160;the most popular methods are seed-based and ICA methods6. Seed-based fcMRI correlates temporal fluctuations in BOLD signal from a preselected part of the putative network under study termed the &#8220;seed&#8221; or &#8220;region of interest (ROI)&#8221; to all other parts of the brain. Areas of the brain showing BOLD signal correlating to the seed area are thought to demarcate parts of the involved network. In contrast, ICA uses a model-free data-driven analysis to extract spatio-temporally correlated brain areas (Independent Components, ICs) by analyzing the hemodynamic signal characteristics of the whole brain5.
In the current manuscript, a description of methods used in a previously published study of resting state seed-based connectivity analysis of the DMN in TLE is presented7. TLE is the most common form of adult epilepsy. In addition to seizures, TLE causes dysfunction of multiple brain networks including memory, behavior, thought, and sensory function8. The DMN is constituted by cerebral regions subserving conscious, resting-state cognition. The DMN has been reported to be involved in seizures associated with reduced consciousness9,10. Additionally, the hippocampus is the key structure involved in TLE and has been thought to be component of the DMN. However, the connectivity of the PCC to the hippocampal formation is weaker than with other DMN components, such as medial prefrontal and inferior parietal cortices. This suggests that the hippocampus is either a subnetwork of the DMN&#160;or an interacting network11,12. These commonalities between TLE and DMN raise the possibility that DMN functional connectivity is altered in TLE. This analysis compares the DMN of subjects with TLE to healthy controls to gain insight into the involvement of DMN in TLE. The connectivity of seeds placed in the chief hubs of the DMN - the anterior and posterior hub regions were analyzed12. Seeds were placed in the posterior hub consisting of the retrosplenium/precuneus (Rsp/PCUN) as well as the anterior hub consisting of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in patients having TLE and in healthy controls to identify the posterior and anterior subnetworks of the DMN.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>MRI machine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Linux workstation with image analysis software installed</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

network analysis of the default mode network using functional connectivity mri in temporal lobe epilepsy

Functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) is an fMRI method that examines the connectivity of different brain areas based on the correlation of BOLD signal fluctuations over time. Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) is the most common type of adult epilepsy and involves multiple brain networks. The default mode network (DMN) is involved in conscious, resting state cognition and is thought to be affected in TLE where seizures cause impairment of consciousness. The DMN in epilepsy was examined using seed based fcMRI. The anterior and posterior hubs of the DMN were used as seeds in this analysis. The results show a disconnection between the anterior and posterior hubs of the DMN in TLE during the basal state. In addition, increased DMN connectivity to other brain regions in left TLE along with decreased connectivity in right TLE is revealed. The analysis demonstrates how seed-based fcMRI can be used to probe cerebral networks in brain disorders such as TLE.

Figure 1 shows the DMN revealed with connectivity from a posterior seed (Rsp/ PCUN, red-yellow colors) and an anterior seed (vmPFC, blue-green colors) and compares the networks found in the different subject groups (Figures 1A-C) and between each other, namely healthy controls compared to all patients with TLE (Figures 1D and 1E), and then healthy controls compared separately to left TLE (Figures 1F and&#160;1G) and righ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy at JoVE.com

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

The Default Mode Network (DMN) in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) is analyzed in the resting state of the brain using seed-based functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI).

Functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) is an fMRI method that examines the connectivity of different brain areas based on the correlation of BOLD signal ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Generation of Subcutaneous and Intrahepatic Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice

In  vivo experimental models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that recapitulate  the human disease provide a valuable platform for research into disease  ...

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity

Complementary structural and functional neuroimaging techniques used to examine the Default Mode Network (DMN) could potentially improve assessments of ...

MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder

Here we outline the protocol for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the dorsal medial ...

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

Resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) is a technique that identifies connectivity between different brain regions based on correlations ...

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Approximately 30% of epilepsy patients are refractory to antiepileptic drugs. In these cases, surgery is the only alternative to eliminate/control ...

The Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and EEG Monitoring Using Radiotelemetry System in Mice

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common neurological disorder in adulthood. For translational studies of chronic epilepsy, pilocarpine-induced status ...

Whole-brain Segmentation and Change-point Analysis of Anatomical Brain MRI&#8212;Application in Premanifest Huntington's Disease

Recent advances in MRI offer a variety of useful markers to identify neurodegenerative diseases. In Huntington&#39;s disease (HD), regional brain atrophy ...

Harvest of Endothelial Cells from the Balloon Tips of Swan-Ganz Catheters after Right Heart Catheterization

A variety of pathologies lead to pulmonary hypertension (PH), which is defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure exceeding 25 mmHg at rest. To further ...

Assessment of Static Graviceptive Perception in the Roll-Plane using the Subjective Visual Vertical Paradigm

Vestibular disorders are among the most common syndromes in medicine. In recent years, new vestibular diagnostic systems have been introduced that allow ...

Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment

Kidney transplantation is a life-saving treatment for a large number of people with end-stage renal dysfunction worldwide. The procedure is associated ...