A.S. was partially supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (5R03DE021741-02) and the National Cancer Institute (1K08CA154963-01A1).&#160;
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute provided funding for M.L. through the HHMI Medical Research Fellows Program.

1.卵のインキュベーション<ol><li> 8日齢の特定病原体フリーの孵化卵を入手します。 </li><li>卵トレイを回転させるに卵を置き、上向きに刻印が終了し、卵のインキュベーターの内側に回転トレイを置きます。 36°Cおよび50％の湿度で48時間の卵をインキュベートします。 </li></ol> 2. CAMを削除し、卵を開きます<ol><li>インキュベーターから卵を収集します。卵のラックに卵を置き、刻印側を上にし、層流フードにもたらします。 </li><li>部屋とフードライトをオフにします。 </li><li> CAMの血管系だけでなく、気嚢を露出するために卵キャンドラーに軽く卵の刻印の端を持ってください。 注：卵キャンドラーは、発生中の胚および関連気嚢と血管系を可視化するために使用される光源です。 </li><li>二つの主要な血管の間に鉛筆マークを配置します。 </li><li>ライトの電源をオンにし、PEで気嚢（刻印終了）上記の卵の先端と一つの穴に一つの穴を作るために、滅菌プッシュピンを使用ncilマーク。すべての方法を介してプッシュピンを押さないでください。深い3ミリメートルの周りの穴は、通常は十分であろう。 </li><li>ライトをオフにします。気嚢上の穴にしっかりと開放端を押して、安全電球を絞ります。 CAMは、鉛筆のマークでシェルから離れて落下させる、鉛筆のマークの穴に空気を引っ張るために吸引を適用します。 </li><li>気嚢がキャンドラーを使用して、鉛筆でマークされた穴に卵の刻印端から移動したことを確認してください。それはしていない場合、安全バルブを使用して再適用する吸引両方の穴が若干深くするために押しピンを使用して。 </li><li>ライトをオンにします。添付15/16インチカットオフホイールでDREMEL回転工具をオンにし、シェルを切断するだけの十分な深2の横方向のカットを行いますが十分な深さではないが押さまですべての方法をカットするために、片手で卵を開催CAM。離間長さ2センチ、1センチメートル周りのカットを行います。直径1cmシリコーンリングが通過できるように十分な幅のカットを作りますしかし、標準的なスコッチテープの幅よりも薄いです。 </li><li>次に、間に軽くシェルにカットオフホイールをタッチして、2つの横方向のカットの端部の1の長手方向のカットを行います。 </li><li>シェルにシェル片と並列の下で滅菌ピンセットをスライドさせます。ピンセットで殻の部分をつかみ、きれいに作品全体を削除します。 </li><li>除去を容易にするため自体に一端を超える倍にしてくださいすること、新しく開いたウィンドウの上にスコッチテープを配置します。 </li><li>接種時まで（NOT回転卵ラックで）卵トレイにインキュベーターに戻って卵を置きます。 </li></ol> 3.接種<ol><li> （重合を防止するため）とフードに置き、氷上で、そのようなマトリゲルとして、基底膜タンパク質の混合物を保管してください。 </li><li> 5分間組織培養インキュベーター中で - （T75フラスコあたり5ミリリットル4）と場所フラスコの細胞を分離するために2 mMのEDTAを使用してください。 </li><li>メディアで剥離した細胞を再懸濁し、血球計およびトリパンブルーを用いて数えます。 50万トンの間で使用します細胞株に応じて、CAM上に移植するための2,000,000細胞O。予備実験で適切な数を最適化します。 </li><li> 5分間500×gで適切な細胞数と遠心分離のために必要な測定量。 </li><li>上清を捨て、次いで、PBS ++の40μLと基底膜の混合物の20μLに細胞ペレットを再懸濁します。 注：細胞/基底膜の混合懸濁液に再懸濁することにより実験のために必要に応じて、この時点で、細胞は、薬物または他の試験薬剤で処理することができます。あるいは、薬剤は、移植後の細胞/基底膜の混合懸濁液にピペッティングすることができます。 </li><li>層流フード内でインキュベーターと場所から卵と卵のラックを取得します。 </li><li>ウィンドウのオフピールテープ、滅菌ピンセットを用いて低温バイアルのキャップから1ミリメートルのシリコンリングを取得し、窓からリングをドロップします。 </li><li>ピペットでPBSの60μlの細胞溶液++および基底膜mixtur電子直接、CAM上に載っているシリコーンリングの中心部へ。 </li><li>ウィンドウを再テープとバックインキュベーターに卵のラックを移動します。この時点で、卵を移動する際、リング、細胞懸濁液として十分注意してください、簡単に変位することができます。 </li><li>腫瘍は5〜7日間増殖できるようにします。 </li></ol> 4.収穫腫瘍<ol><li>フード内の下パッドに置きます。組織学のために必要に応じて、35×10 mmプレート及びパラホルムアルデヒドコンテナを準備します。各35×10ミリメートルプレートに1mlのPBS ++を入れてください。 </li><li>フード内でバイオハザードバッグを置きます。無菌解剖はさみを取り、刻印端付近の穴に卵の中に先端を挿入します。 </li><li>縦方向全体の卵の周りをカットします。 注：リング付きCAMおよび腫瘍は、ウィンドウを持つシェルの上半分に固執する必要があります。 </li><li>解剖ハサミとピンセットを使用して、離れたCAMから腫瘍を分析し、35×10ミリメートルプレートに腫瘍を配置します。測定し、腫瘍の重量を量ります。 paraformaldehyで修正された腫瘍その後、脱パラフィン - 埋め込み、それらを組織学および免疫組織化学の実験で使用するため。 </li></ol> 5.（オプション）：腫瘍細胞解離<ol><li> 35×10ミリメートルプレートに腫瘍をミンチする解剖ハサミを使用してください。 15mlの遠心チューブにみじん切り腫瘍を注ぎ、ピペッティングを介して可能な限り多くのPBS ++を削除します。 </li><li> （PBS中1mg / mlの++）コラゲナーゼの2ミリリットルを加え、数回にわたってチューブを回して、（数時間まで）、少なくとも37℃で30分間チューブをインキュベートします。 </li><li>各チューブに5ミリリットルのメディアを追加し、ダウン20ピペッティングにより完全に再懸濁 - 40倍。徹底したピペット操作は、完全な細胞解離のために重要です。 </li><li>沈殿物が沈降することを許可し、上清を新しいチューブに移します。 5分間500×gで遠心分離します。解離細胞ペレットを残し、上清を取り除きます。 注：この時点で、細胞ペレットは、種々の実験のために使用することができる（フローサイトメトリー、ウェスタンブロッティング、RNAの単離などで使用するために溶解します）。全腫瘍細胞数はまた、血球計およびトリパンブルー染色を用いて得ることができます。小さく、楕円形の細胞は、CAMからの鶏の細胞であり、腫瘍細胞としてカウントすべきではないことに注意してください。腫瘍は慎重に、CAMから離れて解剖されている場合は非腫瘍（CAM）細胞の混入の最小数があるはずです。 </li></ol>

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A.S.&#160;receives&#160;funding from the Advaxis Pharmaceutical company to support an investigator-initiated clinical trial.&#160;

このプロトコルのいくつかの重要なステップは、ほとんど改善された胚の生存率だけでなく、腫瘍増殖の信頼性向上を占めています。気嚢に吸引を適用することにより、離れたシェルからCAMを削除すると（卵、鈍的切開などからアルブミンを除去するために、針を使用して）他の既存の方法よりも低侵襲性です。この方法のために必要な2つの小さな穴を作成するために、無菌のプッシュピン...

肝細胞癌（HCC）は、世界1におけるがん死亡率の3 番目の主要な原因です。現在、HCC患者のわずか30％が治癒の可能性の外科的治療2、および全身化学療法の対象となる3有効ではありません。そのため、新たな肝細胞癌治療のための押し満たされていない臨床的必要性、および新しい薬剤の効率的な試験に適したモデル系の開発があります。ニワトリ絨毛尿膜（CAM）アッセイは、再現可能な、費用対効果、及びインビボでの潜在的な抗腫瘍薬を試験する迅速ミディアムスループット方法を提供します。 CAMアッセイは、血管新生4を研究するために広く使用されています。また、正常神経膠芽腫5、6膵臓癌、黒色腫7-9、および骨肉腫10-11含む、癌の腫瘍異種移植片モデルに開発されました。どちらOVO 12とEX卵内13の技術は、プロトコルからのプロトコルに様々な詳細は、文献に利用されてきました。 50％11-14 - CAM異種移植モデルに対する一つの大きな課題は、25に至るまで公表されたニワトリ胚死亡率で、卵の操作後胚死亡の発生率が比較的高いです。 この記事では、我々は確実に組織学的に未分化HCCに似ている三次元の、血管新生化腫瘍の増殖を生産HCCの卵内異種移植モデルの開発について説明します。まずオソウスキら 14によって記載されたプロトコルを適応していると非常に高い腫瘍の生着に93％までのヒヨコ胚の生存率を達成しています。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Premium incubated eggs</td><td>Charles River</td><td>N/A</td><td>http://www.criver.com/files/pdfs/avian/av_c_spf_egg_price_list.aspx</td></tr><tr><td>Egg incubators</td><td>GQF</td><td>Hova-Bator 2362N</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rotating egg trays</td><td>GQF</td><td>1611 Automatic Egg Turner</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Egg candler</td><td>Lyon</td><td>Hi-Power 950-070</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dremel 100 rotary tool with 15/16 cut-off wheel</td><td>Dremel</td><td>100-N/7</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterile forceps, push pin, dissection scissors, Scotch tape</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Matrigel</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>356234</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cryogenic vials, external thread with silicone washer</td><td>Corning</td><td>430659</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum</td><td>Sigma</td><td>C9891</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

the in ovo chick chorioallantoic membrane (cam) assay as an efficient xenograft model of hepatocellular carcinoma

ヒヨコ漿尿膜（​​CAM）は、CAMはその腫瘍の移植のための理想的なシステム作り、自然免疫及び高度に血管新生である受精後7日目までに開発を開始し、12日目により成熟します。さらに、CAMはその腫瘍の浸潤や転移を研究するための魅力的なモデル作り、フィブロネクチン、ラミニン、コラーゲン、インテグリンα（v）のベータ3、およびMMP-2のような細胞外マトリックスタンパク質が含まれています。科学者は、長い血管形成のモデルとして使用することによってCAMの生理機能の利点をとっています。より最近では、CAMアッセイは、基本的なインビトロでの作業がより複雑な動物癌モデル間のギャップを埋めるために、種々の癌のインビボ異種移植モデルシステムとして動作するように変更されています。 CAMアッセイは、コストと時間が効果的である生物学的に関連するシステムにおける腫瘍増殖、抗腫瘍療法、およびプロ腫瘍分子経路の研究を可能にします。ここでは、CAMのXenの開発を説明最大93％の胚の生存率と肝細胞癌（HCC）のograftモデルと信頼性の腫瘍は、三次元の、血管新生化腫瘍の成長につながる取ります。

プロトコルにおける重要なステップの代表的な画像がここに表示されます。 図1（a）は、胚、気嚢、およびCAMの血管系を可視化するキャンドラーの使用方法を示します。 図1B-1Cは、することによって、CAMをドロップするプロセスを示します二つの穴と、その後の安全電球を使用して負圧を加えると、 図1Dが正常に鉛筆でマークされた穴の下に大きな気泡?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The In Ovo Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane CAM Assay as an Efficient Xenograft Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma at JoVE.com

The In Ovo Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane CAM Assay as an Efficient Xenograft Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is immunodeficient and highly vascularized, making it a natural in vivo model of tumor growth and angiogenesis. In this protocol, we describe a reliable method of growing three-dimensional, vascularized hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors using the CAM assay.

ザ・<em&gt;卵内</em肝細胞癌の効率的な異種移植モデルとして&gt;ニワトリ絨毛尿膜（CAM）アッセイ

The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) begins to develop by day 7 after fertilization and matures by day 12. The CAM is naturally immunodeficient and ...

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The In Ovo Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) Assay as an Efficient Xenograft Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

35.1K ビュー.  Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is immunodeficient and highly vascularized, making it a natural in vivo model of tumor growth and angiogenesis. In this protocol, we describe a reliable method of growing three-dimensional, vascularized hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors using the CAM assay.

ビデオ: The In Ovo Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane CAM Assay as an Efficient Xenograft Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Using the Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane In Vivo Model to Study Gynecological and Urological Cancers

Mouse models are the benchmark tests for in vivo cancer studies. However, cost, time, and ethical considerations have led to calls for alternative in vivo cancer models. The chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model provides an inexpensive, rapid alternative that permits direct visualization of tumor development and is suitable for in vivo imaging. As such, we sought to develop an optimized protocol for engrafting gynecological and urological tumors into this model, which we present here. Approximately 7 days postfertilization, the air cell is moved to the vascularized side of the egg, where an opening is created in the shell. Tumors from murine and human cell lines and primary tissues can then be engrafted. These are typically seeded in a mixture of extracellular matrix and medium to avoid cellular dispersal and provide nutrient support until the cells recruit a vascular supply. Tumors may then grow for up to an additional 14 days prior to the eggs hatching. By implanting cells stably transduced with firefly luciferase, bioluminescence imaging can be used for the sensitive detection of tumor growth on the membrane and cancer cell spread throughout the embryo. This model can potentially be used to study tumorigenicity, invasion, metastasis, and therapeutic effectiveness. The chicken CAM model requires significantly less time and financial resources compared to traditional murine models. Because the eggs are immunocompromised and immune tolerant, tissues from any organism can potentially be implanted without costly transgenic animals (e.g., mice) required for implantation of human tissues. However, many of the advantages of this model could potentially also be limitations, including the short tumor generation time and immunocompromised/immune tolerant status. Additionally, although all tumor types presented here engraft in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane model, they do so with varying degrees of tumor growth.

We present the chicken chorioallantoic membrane model as an alternative, transplantable, in vivo model for the engraftment of gynecological and urological cancer cell lines and patient-derived tumors.

生体内における鶏絨毛性膜モデルを用いて婦人科癌と泌尿器科癌を研究する

Mouse models are the benchmark tests for in vivo cancer studies. However, cost, time, and ethical considerations have led to calls for alternative in vivo ...

がん研究

The In ovo CAM-assay as a Xenograft Model for Sarcoma

Sarcoma is a very rare disease that is heterogeneous in nature, all hampering the development of new therapies. Sarcoma patients are ideal candidates for personalized medicine after stratification, explaining the current interest in developing a reproducible and low-cost xenotransplant model for this disease. The chick chorioallantoic membrane is a natural immunodeficient host capable of sustaining grafted tissues and cells without species-specific restrictions. In addition, it is easily accessed, manipulated and imaged using optical and fluorescence stereomicroscopy. Histology further allows detailed analysis of heterotypic cellular interactions.
This protocol describes in detail the in ovo grafting of the chorioallantoic membrane with fresh sarcoma-derived tumor tissues, their single cell suspensions, and permanent and transient fluorescently labeled established sarcoma cell lines (Saos-2 and SW1353). The chick survival rates are up to 75%. The model is used to study graft- (viability, Ki67 proliferation index, necrosis, infiltration) and host (fibroblast infiltration, vascular ingrowth) behavior. For localized grafting of single cell suspensions, ECM gel provides significant advantages over inert containment materials. The Ki67 proliferation index is related to the distance of the cells from the surface of the CAM and the duration of application on the CAM, the latter determining a time frame for the addition of therapeutic products.

The In ovo CAM-assay as a Xenograft Model for Sarcoma

The in ovo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is grafted with fresh sarcoma-derived tumor tissues, their single cell suspensions, and permanent and transient fluorescently labeled established sarcoma cell lines. The model is used to study graft- (viability, Ki67 proliferation index, necrosis, infiltration) and host (fibroblast infiltration, vascular ingrowth) behavior.

ザ<em&gt;卵で</em肉腫のためXenograftmodelとして&gt; CAMアッセイ

Sarcoma is a very rare disease that is heterogeneous in nature, all hampering the development of new therapies. Sarcoma patients are ideal candidates for ...

医学

Generation of Subcutaneous and Intrahepatic Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice

In vivo experimental models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that recapitulate the human disease provide a valuable platform for research into disease pathophysiology and for the preclinical evaluation of novel therapies. We present a variety of methods to generate subcutaneous or orthotopic human HCC xenografts in immunodeficient mice that could be utilized in a variety of research applications. With a focus on the use of primary tumor tissue from patients undergoing surgical resection as a starting point, we describe the preparation of cell suspensions or tumor fragments for xenografting. We describe specific techniques to xenograft these tissues i) subcutaneously; or ii) intrahepatically, either by direct implantation of tumor cells or fragments into the liver, or indirectly by injection of cells into the mouse spleen. We also describe the use of partial resection of the native mouse liver at the time of xenografting as a strategy to induce a state of active liver regeneration in the recipient mouse that may facilitate the intrahepatic engraftment of primary human tumor cells. The expected results of these techniques are illustrated. The protocols described have been validated using primary human HCC samples and xenografts, which typically perform less robustly than the well-established human HCC cell lines that are widely used and frequently cited in the literature. In comparison with cell lines, we discuss factors which may contribute to the relatively low chance of primary HCC engraftment in xenotransplantation models and comment on technical issues that may influence the kinetics of xenograft growth. We also suggest methods that should be applied to ensure that xenografts obtained accurately resemble parent HCC tissues.

Human tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice are valuable tools to study cancer biology. Specific protocols to generate subcutaneous and intrahepatic xenografts from human hepatocellular carcinoma cells or tumor fragments are described. Liver regeneration induced by partial hepatectomy in recipient mice is presented as a strategy to facilitate intrahepatic engraftment.

免疫不全マウスの皮下および肝内ヒト肝細胞癌異種移植片の生成

In  vivo experimental models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that recapitulate  the human disease provide a valuable platform for research into disease  ...

Chick ex ovo Culture and ex ovo CAM Assay: How it Really Works

Chicken eggs in the early phase of breeding are between in vitro and in vivo systems and provide a vascular test environment not only to study angiogenesis but also to study tumorigenesis. After the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) has developed, its blood vessel network can be easily accessed, manipulated and observed and therefore provides an optimal setting for angiogenesis assays. Since the lymphoid system is not fully developed until late stages of incubation, the chick embryo serves as a naturally immunodeficient host capable of sustaining grafted tissues and cells without species-specific restrictions. In addition to nurturing developing allo- and xenografts, the CAM blood vessel network provides a uniquely supportive environment for tumor cell intravasation, dissemination, and vascular arrest and a repository where arrested cells extravasate to form micro metastatic foci.
For experimental purposes, in most of the recent studies the CAM was exposed by cutting a window through the egg shell and experiments were carried out in ovo, resulting in significant limitations in the accessibility of the CAM and possibilities for observation and photo documentation of effects. When shell-less cultures of the chick embryo were used1-4, no experimental details were provided and, if published at all, the survival rates of these cultures were low. We refined the method of ex ovo culture of chick embryos significantly by introducing a rationally controlled extrusion of the egg content. These ex ovo cultures enhance the accessibility of the CAM and chick embryo, enabling easy in vivo documentation of effects and facilitating experimental manipulation of the embryo. This allows the successful application to a large number of scientific questions: (1) As an improved angiogenesis assay5,6, (2) an experimental set up for facilitated injections in the vitreous of the chick embryo eye7-9, (3) as a test environment for dissemination and intravasation of dispersed tumor cells from established cell lines inoculated on the CAM10-12, (4) as an improved sustaining system for successful transplantation and culture of limb buds of chicken and mice13 as well as (5) for grafting, propagation, and re-grafting of solid primary tumor tissue obtained from biopsies on the surface of the CAM14.
In this video article we describe the establishment of a refined chick ex ovo culture and CAM assay with survival rates over 50%. Besides we provide a step by step demonstration of the successful application of the ex ovo culture for a large number of scientific applications. 
Daniel S. Dohle, Susanne D. Pasa, and Sebastian Gustmann contributed equally to this study.

Chick ex ovo Culture and ex ovo CAM Assay: How it Really Works

The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is a unique, naturally immunodeficient supportive culture environment to study angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. This video article demonstrates the different steps in chick ex ovo culture, application of potentially angiogenic substances and successful inoculation of tumor cells and tissues on the surface of the CAM.

チック EX卵文化と EX卵 CAMアッセイ：それが実際にどのように動く

Chicken eggs in the early phase of breeding are between in vitro and in vivo systems and provide a vascular test environment not only to study ...

生物学

A Label-free Xenograft Model for Investigating the Behavior of Human Stem Cell Spheroids in Chick Embryos

Xenografts are valuable methods to investigate the behavior of human cells in vivo. In particular, the embryonic environment provides cues for cell migration, differentiation, and morphogenesis, with unique instructive signals and germ layer identity that are often absent from adult xenograft models. In addition, embryonic models cannot discriminate self versus non-self tissues, eliminating the risk of rejection of the graft and the need for immune suppression of the host. This paper presents a methodology for transplantation of spheroids of human cells into chicken embryos, which are accessible, amenable to manipulation, and develop at 37 &#176;C. 
Spheroids allow the selection of a specific region of the embryo for transplantation. After being grafted, the cells become integrated into the host tissue, allowing the follow-up of their migration, growth, and differentiation. This model is flexible enough to allow the utilization of different adherent populations, including heterogeneous primary cell populations and cancer cells. To circumvent the need for prior cell labeling, a protocol for the identification of donor cells through hybridization of human-specific Alu probes is also described, which is particularly important when investigating heterogeneous cell populations. Furthermore, DNA probes can be easily adapted to identify other donor species. This protocol will describe the general methods for preparing spheroids, grafting into chicken embryos, fixing and processing tissue for paraffin sectioning, and finally identifying the human cells using DNA in situ hybridization. Suggested controls, examples of interpretation of results and various cell behaviors that can be assayed will be discussed in addition to the limitations of this method.

Here, we describe a method to transplant and identify human cell spheroids into chick embryos. This xenograft model uses the embryonic microenvironment as a source of instructive signals to assay cell migration, differentiation, and tropism and is especially suited for the study of primary and/or heterogeneous cell populations.

Xenografts are valuable methods to investigate the behavior of human cells in vivo. In particular, the embryonic environment provides cues for cell ...

発生生物学

The Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane In Vivo Model to Assess Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Cancer

Perineural invasion is a phenotype in which cancer surrounds or invades the nerves. It is associated with poor clinical outcome for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and other cancers. Mechanistic studies have shown that the molecular crosstalk between nerves and tumor cells occurs prior to physical interaction. There are only a few in vivo models to study perineural invasion, especially to investigate early progression, before physical nerve-tumor interactions occur. The chick chorioallantoic membrane model has been used to study cancer invasion, because the basement membrane of the chorionic epithelium mimics that of human epithelial tissue. Here we repurposed the chick chorioallantoic membrane model to investigate perineural invasion, grafting rat dorsal root ganglia and human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells onto the chorionic epithelium. We have demonstrated how this model can be useful to evaluate the ability of cancer cells to invade neural tissue in vivo.&#160;

The Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane In Vivo Model to Assess Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Cancer

Perineural invasion is an aggressive phenotype for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and other tumors. The chick chorioallantoic membrane model has been used for studying angiogenesis, cancer invasion, and metastasis. Here we demonstrate how this model can be utilized to assess perineural invasion in vivo.

頭頸部癌のペリオラル侵食を評価する生体内モデルにおけるひよこチョリオアラントIC膜

Perineural invasion is a phenotype in which cancer surrounds or invades the nerves. It is associated with poor clinical outcome for head and neck squamous ...

The Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) Model as a Tool to Study Ovarian Tissue Transplantation

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation is an effective strategy for preserving fertility but has one major drawback, namely massive follicle loss occurring shortly after reimplantation due to abnormal follicle activation and death. Rodents are benchmark models for investigating follicle activation, but the cost, time, and ethical considerations are becoming increasingly prohibitive, thus driving the development of alternatives. The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model is particularly attractive, being inexpensive and maintaining&#160;natural immunodeficiency up to day 17 postfertilization, making it ideal to study&#160;short-term xenografting of human ovarian tissue. The CAM is also highly vascularized and has been widely used as a model to explore angiogenesis. This gives it a remarkable advantage over in vitro models and allows the investigation of mechanisms affecting the early post-grafting follicle loss process. The protocol outlined herein aims to describe the development of a CAM xenografting model for human ovarian tissue, with specific insights into the effectiveness of the technique, the graft revascularization time frame, and the tissue viability across a 6 day grafting period.

The Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane CAM Model as a Tool to Study Ovarian Tissue Transplantation

Here, we describe a protocol for developing a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) xenografting model for human ovarian tissue and demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique, the graft revascularization time frame, and the tissue viability across a 6 day grafting period.

卵巣組織移植を研究するためのツールとしてのひよこ絨毛膜(CAM)モデル

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation is an effective strategy for preserving fertility but has one major drawback, namely massive follicle ...

Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane-based Cancer Modeling: An In Ovo Model to Study Cancer Cell Tumorigenesis and Metastasis

Source: Sharrow, A. C. et al. <a href="https://www.jove.com/t/60651">Using the Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane In Vivo Model to Study Gynecological and Urological Cancers.</a> J. Vis. Exp.&#160;(2020)
In this video, we describe the implantation of cancer cells onto a chicken chorioallantoic membrane to generate an in ovo model. The model successfully engrafts the ovarian cancer cells to study the progression of gynecological cancer.

ニワトリ絨毛尿膜ベースのがんモデリング:がん細胞の腫瘍形成と転移を研究するためのIn Ovoモデル

Source: Sharrow, A. C. et al. Using the Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane In Vivo Model to Study Gynecological and Urological Cancers. J. Vis. ...

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

婦人科系がん

動物モデル研究

Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane or CAM Tumor Model: An In Ovo Method to Simulate Perineural Invasion of Tumor Cells

Source: Schmidt, L. B. et al. <a href="https://www.jove.com/video/59296" target="_blank">The Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane In Vivo Model to Assess Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Cancer.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2019)
In this video, we describe the method to co-culture dorsal root ganglia and cancer cells on chick chorioallantoic membrane or CAM to study perineural invasion.

ひよこ絨毛尿膜またはCAM腫瘍モデル:腫瘍細胞の神経周囲浸潤をシミュレートするためのInOvo法

Source: Schmidt, L. B. et al. The Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane In Vivo Model to Assess Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Cancer. J. Vis. Exp. (2019)
...

頭頸部がん

体内研究

Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Harvest: A Method to Isolate Tumor Graft-bearing Chorioallantoic Membrane from Chicken Egg

Source: Schmidt, L. B. et al. <a href="https://www.jove.com/video/59296" target="_blank">The Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane In Vivo Model to Assess Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Cancer.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2019)
This video demonstrates the isolation of tumor-bearing chorioallantoic membrane from the chicken embryo. The harvested CAM can be used for further downstream applications.

ザ・

要約

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