この作品は、付与（R-397-000-192-133）を起動し、ETPLギャップ・ファンド（R-397-000-198-592）NUSによってサポートされています。 GSはNUSの研究学者です。著者らは、細胞の微細化の彼女の技術サポートのために博士Jiangwa興に感謝したいと思います。

注：このプロトコルは、PDMSステンシルを使用してのhESCラインのレーザー切断および微細、H9によって千μmのパターンとPDMSステンシルの製造を説明しています。 1.設計とマイクロパターニングのためのPDMSステンシルの作製<ol><li>所望の形状や大きさ（ 例えば 、1000μmで丸）およびコンピュータ支援設計ソフトウェア10を使用して、ステンシルガスケットの貫通穴を有するステンシルシートを設計します。 </li><li>レーザーカット、それぞれ120から150μmの厚さ2mmのポリジメチルシロキサン（PDMS）シート上にステンシルシートとガスケットをCO 2レーザーカッター10を使用して。 </li><li>微細用PDMSステンシルを得るために3-4時間、60℃で液状の未硬化PDMSとベークを使用して、PDMSステンシルシートでPDMSガスケットを接着。 </li><li>使用前にオーブンで30分間、乾燥、120℃でオートクレーブ処理することによりPDMSステンシルを滅菌します。 </li></ol> 2.ヒトES細胞の主ナンス<ol><li>培養1×のhESC修飾基底膜マトリックス上で無フィーダー維持培地中でhESC株は、37℃で細胞培養プレートをコーティングし、5％CO 2。 </li><li>パッセージヒトES細胞を、彼らはディスパーゼ処理した37℃で3分間のインキュベーションにより約70％のコンフルエントであり、機械的に100から200μmの塊にhESCコロニーを解離。 6分割比：1での基底膜マトリックスでコーティングした組織培養ポリスチレン上で増殖エリア9.6 1cm 2当たり30〜50塊の密度でヒトES細胞の塊をプレート。 </li></ol>ヒト胚性幹細胞の3ステンシルマイクロパターニング<ol><li> 前の細胞パターニングへの準備 <ol><li>ペトリ皿に超純水で700μlの70％の分析グレードのエタノールを分配し、上部にステンシルを配置し、60 mmのペトリ皿上にPDMSステンシルを密封します。 </li><li>トン一晩せるためにバイオセーフティキャビネット内のペトリ皿を置きます彼は乾燥エタノール。 </li><li>全く気泡がステンシルは、ペトリ皿との良好なシールを形成することを確実にするために、ステンシルの下に存在していないか確認してください。これは、ECMコーティング液の漏れを防止します。それは細胞播種のための準備ができるまで、無菌条件下でのペトリ皿や店舗を封印。 </li><li>分析証明書に従ってhESCの修飾基底膜マトリックスのアリコートを準備します。ダルベッコ改変イーグル培地25mlに希釈した場合、各アリコート利回り1×hESCの修飾基底膜マトリックス溶液いることを確認してください：栄養混合物F-12（DMEM / F12）メーカーの製品シートによると。 </li><li> 1.5×のhESC修飾基底膜マトリックス溶液を作るためにDMEM / F12 16.7 mlのへのhESC修飾基底膜マトリックスの1つのアリコートを添加することにより、ECMの塗布液を調製。ゲル化を防止するために氷の上のすべてのECMコーティング液を保管してください。 </li><li> 10μMのROCK阻害剤（Y27632）でのhESCの維持培地を補います。 </li></ol></li><li><strong&gt; ステンシル基板上のECMコーティング <ol><li> 90秒間100 2 WOプラズマでペトリ皿を扱います。無菌性を確保するために、唯一の前のプラズマ処理をプラズマ室内ペトリ皿のカバーを開いて、すぐに処理が完了した後、ペトリ皿をバックカバー。これは、表面の濡れを促進し、ECMコーティング溶液の添加の間に貫通孔微細に気泡の形成を防止します。 </li><li>全体のステンシルをカバーする1.5倍のhESC修飾基底膜マトリックス溶液の450μlのを追加します。乾燥から溶液を防止し、使用前に37℃で5時間インキュベートし、例えば、パラフィルムのように、自己密封可能なフィルムをペトリ皿を密封します。 </li></ol></li><li> ステンシル基板上にヒトES細胞を播種 <ol><li>丸みを帯びた、しっかりpackeの典型的なヒトES細胞の形態の損失を示す分化した細胞領域を識別するために、6ウェルプレート中でhESCコロニーを調べ（ 例えば、損失D上皮形態、顕著な核小体を有する高核/細胞質比）。真空吸引器を使用して差別化領域を削除します。 </li><li>ウェル当たり2ミリリットルのDMEM / F12で二回洗浄します。 </li><li> 6ウェルプレートのウェルあたり、などのAccutaseなどの消化酵素の1ミリリットルを加え、8分間37℃でインキュベートします。基板から全てのコロニーを分離するために静かにプレートをタップします。 </li><li>消化酵素の1ミリリットル当たりDMEM / F12の少なくとも4ミリリットルで各ウェルを洗浄し、15ミリリットルコニカルチューブに細胞懸濁液を収集します。 </li><li>室温で3分間、200×gで細胞懸濁液を遠心します。 </li><li>吸引して上清を除去し、細胞を再懸濁するためにROCK阻害剤（ROCKI）を補充したhESC維持培地400μlのを追加します。単一細胞に塊を壊すために静かに上下に3回細胞懸濁液をピペットで。 </li><li>単一細胞懸濁液をよく混合し、DMEM / F12（1：20希釈）190μlの中に細胞サンプルを10μlを希釈。 hemocytomeを使用してくださいターストック細胞懸濁液中の細胞密度を決定します。 </li><li>与えられたステンシルのために必要な細胞播種密度を計算します。 注：例では、実験的に、単一の細胞のコンフルエントな単層を得るために、細胞播種密度が約4,444細胞/ mm 2で決定しました。したがって、450ミリメートル2の面積と400μlと播種量とのステンシルは2百万個の細胞/400μlの濃度になるように細胞懸濁液が必要になります。 </li><li> ROCKIを補充したhESC培養培地で（ステップ3.3.8を参照してください。注）必要な播種密度に株式細胞懸濁液を希釈します。 </li><li>各ステンシルへの細胞の必要な数を含有する細胞懸濁液の指定されたボリュームを追加し、ペトリ皿を残す細胞が沈降することを可能にするために室温で5分間フード内で平静。 </li><li>インキュベーターにペトリ皿を移し、細胞付着を可能にするために1時間インキュベートします。中にペトリ皿のレベルを維持するために注意してください細胞はステンシルで単層として残るように処理を移します。 </li></ol></li><li> パターン化されていない基板のステンシルの除去とパッシベーション <ol><li>細胞が適切に下にある基板上に付着しているかどうかを確認するために顕微鏡下でペトリ皿を調べます。 </li><li>ステンシルから細胞懸濁液を離れて吸引します。 </li><li>ステンシルの周囲にDMEM / F12中の0.5％の細胞培養適合性の非イオン性界面活性剤を2ml /ディッシュを加えます。 </li><li>静かにステンシルを剥離し、オートクレーブ処理ピンセットを使用してください。ステンシルは、乾燥から細胞を防ぐために剥離される非イオン性界面活性剤溶液を周囲に渦。視覚的にペトリ皿にマイクロパターン細胞を観察します。 </li><li> 37℃で10分間、0.5％の非イオン性界面活性剤、DMEM / F12溶液中の微細細胞をインキュベートします。 </li><li>吸引離れて非イオン性界面活性剤、DMEM / F12溶液。 2ミリリットル/ DMEM / F12の皿で3回洗浄します。 </li><li>ヒトES細胞の2ミリリットル/皿を追加します。維持培地は、ROCKIを補充し、37℃で一晩インキュベートします。 </li><li>一晩インキュベートした後、吸引のhESCの維持培地は、ROCKIを補充したDMEM / F12で一回洗浄し、100ng / mlのアクチビン、25 ngの/ mlのBMP4及び10ng / mLのFGF2で補充した分化培地2ml /ディッシュを添加することによりmesoendoderm分化を誘導します。 </li><li>位相コントラストイメージングを用いて微細パターンを評価し、以前に8説明したように、各パターンの平均短尾（T）の強度プロファイルを計算します。 </li></ol></li></ol>

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W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+polydimethylsiloxane+substrates+with+tunable+elastic+modulus+to+study+cell+mechanobiology+in+muscle+and+nerve.">Development of polydimethylsiloxane substrates with tunable elastic modulus to study cell mechanobiology in muscle and nerve.</a> PLoS One. 7 (12), 51499 (2012).</li><li>Chowdhury, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Material+properties+of+the+cell+dictate+stress-induced+spreading+and+differentiation+in+embryonic+stem+cells.">Material properties of the cell dictate stress-induced spreading and differentiation in embryonic stem cells.</a> Nat Mater. 9 (1), 82-88 (2010).</li><li>Gjorevski, N., Boghaert, E., Nelson, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+Epithelial-Mesenchymal+Transition+by+Transmission+of+Mechanical+Stress+through+Epithelial+Tissues.">Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Transmission of Mechanical Stress through Epithelial Tissues.</a> Cancer Microenviron. 5 (1), 29-38 (2012).</li><li>Thery, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Micropatterning+as+a+tool+to+decipher+cell+morphogenesis+and+functions.">Micropatterning as a tool to decipher cell morphogenesis and functions.</a> J Cell Sci. 123, 4201-4213 (2010).</li><li>Eroshenko, N., Ramachandran, R., Yadavalli, V. K., Rao, R. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+substrate+stiffness+on+early+human+embryonic+stem+cell+differentiation.">Effect of substrate stiffness on early human embryonic stem cell differentiation.</a> J Biol Eng. 7 (1), 7 (2013).</li></ol>

著者には、競合する金融利害関係を持っていません。

微細ステンシルの作製 ステンシル微細ニッチ媒介分化のパターニングを調査するためのHPSCの微細パターンを生成するための理想的な方法を提供します。このようなマイクロコンタクト印刷及び光パターンのような他の微細技術上のステンシルパターン形成の重要な利点は、それが表面改質を必要とせず、従来のTCPS基板上に実装することができること...

胚性幹細胞（hESC）と人工多能性幹細胞（hiPSCs）を含む、ヒト多能性幹細胞（hPSCs）は、広くすべての細胞系譜に、それらの分化能の正常および罹患器官の実験モデルならびに再生医療に利用されます三胚葉1,2。 hPSCsの分化運命は、物理的な手がかり3-5によって媒介される1と同様にメカノプロセスをシグナリングオートクリンまたはパラクリンを調節することができる地域の環境要因に対して非常に敏感です。セルの微細化は、空間的に、このような細胞-細胞相互作用6及び細胞-マトリックス相互作用を3として、局所的な細胞の微小環境を制御するための手段として、細胞集団の幾何学的形状と位置を整理するために開発された技術の集合を含みます。 hPSCsの文脈では、細胞は、微細ニッチ依存する方法に重要な洞察を得るために使用されていますENT自己分泌シグナル伝達は、初期胚の分化パターン6へのhESC多能性分化の決定7および組織を調節します。 2Dおよび3D微細hPSCsは、順番に3種の胚層8,9への分化決定に影響を与え、多パターンのコロニーの大きさを制御するために使用されています。我々は、インテグリンEカドヘリンクロストークは、細胞運命の異質10を生じさせることができるか調べるためにHPSCコロニー内の細胞-細胞および細胞-マトリックス相互作用の程度を調節するために多HPSCの微細パターンを採用しています。上記レポート発達疾患11のための薬物毒性スクリーニングのための実験モデルとしてhPSCsの多微細パターンの適用に向けたオープンな新しい道からデモンストレーション、組織または器官、開発中の成長因子およびホルモンの効果を研究するために、との形成を解明します組織パターン。 セルmicropatterの無数Falconnet らによって見直さとしてニング技術が開発されています。アル。12しかし、そのようなマイクロコンタクトは7,8,13印刷などのほんの一握りは、マイクロウェル文化14,15、光パターンは6とmicrostencils 16が正常に hPSCsで実装されています。微細hPSCsでのチャレンジは、その脆弱性と細胞の付着と生存のための特定の細胞外マトリックス（ECM）と成長条件の厳しい要件です。 2D HPSCパターンについて、マイクロコンタクト印刷は、組織培養、ガラス基板13上にHPSCの微細パターンを生成するための最も一般的な方法の一つです。方法は、マトリゲルなどラミニンおよび基底膜マトリックス、を含むHPSC文化、で使用されるパターンの共通ECMに使用することができます。しかし、それは、典型的には、ポリ-D-リジンにより支援二段階コーティングプロセスを必要とし、hPSCsは6,13に付着するための安定したECMの微細パターンを作製するために、特定の不活性大気の湿度条件を必要とします。各微細法の最も重要な考慮事項は、周辺地域への非特異的な細胞の付着を最小限に抑えながら、表面改質政権が希望の幾何学的な解像度でHPSC接着ECMパターンを生成することができるかどうかです。 ここでは、前に取り付けるためのhPSCs用接着ECMパターンの生成に追加の表面改質工程なしHPSCの微細パターンを生成するための簡単​​な方法として、ステンシル微細の使用を報告しています。細胞ステンシルは、スルーホール物理的にECMコーティングし、その後播種hPSCsを格納するための細胞培養基板上にシールサイズをミリメートルミクロンで、薄い膜、 例えば、ポリジメチルシロキサン（PDMS）シートで構成されています。ステンシルパターニングは物理的にHPSCにアクセスし、基礎となるECMコーティングされた基板に直接接続することができる場所を抑制することによって動作したように、この方法は、HPSC培養をサポートすることができる様々な基板と互換性があります。のみrequirementは、ステンシル材料の選択は、基板と可逆的シールを形成することができるということです。これらの基板は、従来の組織培養ポリスチレン（TCPS）17、リガンド共役基材18と同様に、調整可能な剛性を有するエラストマー材が挙げられる（ 例えば 、PDMS）19。この方法はまた、適切な取り付けとhPSCsの分化を可能にするために、このようなビトロネクチン（またはVTNタンパク質）、ラミニンおよび基底膜マトリックス（ 例えば 、マトリゲルとGeltrax）として異なるECMのコーティングを可能にします。したがって、我々は最適な細胞 - マトリックス接着、生存および分化のためのステンシル微細に特定のHPSCラインのための最適化されたECM-基板の構成を転送することができます。最近、同様の方法はまた、ポリ（メチルメタクリレート）（PMMA）マイクロステンシルアレイ16を使用してヒトES細胞を微細によって肝臓分化を導くことが報告されています。 細胞ステンシルが満たさ含む、異なる材料から製造することができますALS 20,21、ポリ（p-キシリレン）ポリマー22,23、PMMA 16、最も一般的には、PDMS 24-28。シリコン及びポリ（p-キシリレン）は、ステンシルは、貫通孔生物ユーザーへのアクセス可能性を制限する特殊な装置20-23との直接エッチングを必要とするポリマーです。 PDMSステンシルは、典型的には3ミクロンから2,000ミクロン11,26-29の範囲で必要な特徴の大きさに応じて異なる方法で製造することができます。小さ ​​な特徴が所望される場合には、薄いステンシルシートは、微細パターン28のレリーフを含む微細加工シリコンテンプレート上にプレス成形PDMSプレポリマーによって製造することができます。機能&gt;千μmのために、CO 2レーザーカッターは、直接ステンシル製作中プレキャストPDMSシート上のパターンをカットするための簡単かつ低コストの方法を提供します。 PDMSステンシルのリサイクルにも十分な一貫性のある一連の実験を実施するためにそれら費用対効果になります。 10をもたらした方法空間を調査するために、凝集のhESCコロニー内のインテグリンの程度およびE-カドヘリン媒介性接着を調節するために使用しました。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="948">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">&#160;2 mm thick PDMS sheet</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Specialty Silicone Products Inc., USA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SSPM823-.005</td>
			<td style="width:423px;">Used to form reservoir for stencil</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">120-150 &#956;m thick PDMS sheet</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Specialty Silicone Products Inc., USA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SSPM823-.040</td>
			<td style="width:423px;">Used to form stencil&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">60 mm petri dish</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">&#160;Nunc Nunclon Delta</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">150326</td>
			<td style="width:423px;">Substrate for micropatterning</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Accutase</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Accutase, Merck Millipore, Singapore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SCR005</td>
			<td style="width:423px;">Enzyme to break H9 Cells into single cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Activin&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">R&#38;D Systems, Singapore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">338-AC-010</td>
			<td style="width:423px;">Growth factor for H9 differentiation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">BMP4&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">R&#38;D Systems, Singapore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">338-BP-010</td>
			<td style="width:423px;">Growth factor for H9 differentiation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Plasma system&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">&#160;Femto Science, Korea</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CUTE-MP</td>
			<td style="width:423px;">For plasma oxidation of stencil</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Dispase</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">StemCell&#8482; Technologies, Singapore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">7923</td>
			<td style="width:423px;">Enzyme used to weaken the cell-ECM adhesion during passaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">DMEM/F12</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">GIBCO, USA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11330032</td>
			<td style="width:423px;">Basal medium for H9 cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">FGF2</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">&#160;R&#38;D Systems, Singapore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">233&#8211;FB&#8211;025</td>
			<td style="width:423px;">Growth factor for H9 differentiation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">H9 Cell line</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">WiCell Research Institute, Inc., USA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">WA09</td>
			<td style="width:423px;">Human embryonic stem cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">hESC-qualified basement membrane matrix</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Matrigel, BD Biosciences, Singapore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">354277</td>
			<td style="width:423px;">Extra-cellular matrix coating to support growth of H9 cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Inverted microscope</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Leica Microsystems, Singapore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DMi1</td>
			<td style="width:423px;">For capturing bright-field images</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Laser cutter</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Epilog Helix 24 Laser System</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:423px;">Used to generate through holes in PDMS sheet</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">mTeSR&#8482;1 medium&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">StemCell&#8482; Technologies, Singapore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5850</td>
			<td style="width:423px;">Maintainence medium for H9 cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">PDMS&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">SYLGARD&#174; 184, Dow Corning Co., USA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3097358-1004</td>
			<td style="width:423px;">Used for sticking the PDMS stencil and reservior</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">ROCKi Y27632</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Calbiochem, Merck Millipore, Singapore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">688000</td>
			<td style="width:423px;">Maintains H9 cells as single cells&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">STEMdiff&#8482; APEL&#8482; medium&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">StemCell&#8482; Technologies, Singapore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5210</td>
			<td style="width:423px;">Differentiation medium for H9 cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Polyethylene terephthalate film</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">SureMark Singapore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SQ-6633</td>
			<td style="width:423px;">Used to form stencil&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Cell culture compatible non-ionic surfactant</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Pluronic acid F-127, Sigma, Singapore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P2443</td>
			<td style="width:423px;">Passivating reagent to repel cell adhesion in non-micropatterned substrates</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

stencil micropatterning of human pluripotent stem cells for probing spatial organization of differentiation fates

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, have the intrinsic ability to differentiate into all three germ layers. This makes them an attractive cell source for regenerative medicine and experimental modeling of normal and diseased organogenesis. However, the differentiation of hPSCs in vitro is heterogeneous and spatially disordered. Cell micropatterning technologies potentially offer the means to spatially control stem cell microenvironments and organize the resultant differentiation fates. Micropatterning hPSCs needs to take into account the stringent requirements for hPSC survival and maintenance. Here, we describe stencil micropatterning as a method that is highly compatible with hPSCs. hPSC micropatterns are specified by the geometries of the cell stencil through-holes, which physically confine the locations where hPSCs can access and attach to the underlying extracellular matrix-coated substrate. Due to this mode of operation, there is greater flexibility to use substrates that can adequately support hPSCs as compared to other cell micropatterning methods. We also highlight critical steps for the successful generation of hPSC micropatterns. As an example, we demonstrate that stencil micropatterning of hPSCs can be used to modulate spatial polarization of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions, which in turn determines mesoendoderm differentiation patterns. This simple and robust method to micropattern hPSCs widens the prospects of establishing experimental models to investigate tissue organization and patterning during early embryonic development.

本稿では、1000μmでの特徴を生成するために、レーザーカッターを使用することにより、細胞ステンシルの製作を説明します。貫​​通孔微細パターンを含む薄いステンシルシート（厚さ約100〜200ミクロン）、およびECMコーティング溶液又は細胞懸濁液を含有するPDMSガスケット：ステンシルは2部品で構成しました。ここでは、127ミクロン及び厚さ2mmの市販のPDMSシート...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Stencil Micropatterning of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Probing Spatial Organization of Differentiation Fates at JoVE.com

Stencil Micropatterning of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Probing Spatial Organization of Differentiation Fates

ヒト多能性幹細胞（hPSCs）は差別化した別個の組織パターンに自己組織化するための固有の能力を持っています。これは、空間的な環境勾配の提示を必要とするが。我々はHPSC分化パターンを制御するための生化学的および機械的な勾配を生成するためのシンプルかつ堅牢な方法としてステンシル微細を提示します。

分化運命の空間組織を探るためのヒト多能性幹細胞のステンシルマイクロパターニング

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, have the intrinsic ability to differentiate into ...

stencil-micropatterning-human-pluripotent-stem-cells-for-probing

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

8.4K ビュー.  National University of Singapore. ヒト多能性幹細胞（hPSCs）は差別化した別個の組織パターンに自己組織化するための固有の能力を持っています。これは、空間的な環境勾配の提示を必要とするが。我々はHPSC分化パターンを制御するための生化学的および機械的な勾配を生成するためのシンプルかつ堅牢な方法としてステンシル微細を提示します。 

ビデオ: Stencil Micropatterning of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Probing Spatial Organization of Differentiation Fates

Large-Scale Production of Cardiomyocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Highly Reproducible Small Molecule-Based Differentiation Protocol

Maximizing the benefit of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) for research, disease modeling, pharmaceutical and clinical applications requires robust methods for the large-scale production of functional cell types, including cardiomyocytes. Here we demonstrate that the temporal manipulation of WNT, TGF-&#946;, and SHH signaling pathways leads to highly efficient cardiomyocyte differentiation of single-cell passaged hPSC lines in both static suspension and stirred suspension bioreactor systems. Employing this strategy resulted in ~ 100% beating spheroids, consistently containing &#62; 80% cardiac troponin T-positive cells after 15 days of culture, validated in multiple hPSC lines. We also report on a variation of this protocol for use with cell lines not currently adapted to single-cell passaging, the success of which has been verified in 42 hPSC lines. Cardiomyocytes generated using these protocols express lineage-specific markers and show expected electrophysiological functionalities. Our protocol presents a simple, efficient and robust platform for the large-scale production of human cardiomyocytes.

Here, we present a robust, fast and scalable cardiomyocyte differentiation protocol for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Cardiomyocytes derived using this large-scale method can provide sufficient cell numbers for their effective use in human cardiovascular disease modeling, high-throughput drug screening, and potentially clinical applications.

再現性の高い小分子ベースの分化プロトコルを使用したヒト多能性幹細胞から心筋細胞の大規模生産

Maximizing the benefit of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) for research, disease modeling, pharmaceutical and clinical applications requires robust ...

発生生物学

Aggregate Size Optimization in Microwells for Suspension-based Cardiac Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stems cells (hPSCs) is typically carried out in suspension cell aggregates. Conventional aggregate formation of hPSCs involves dissociating cell colonies into smaller clumps, with size control of the clumps crudely controlled by pipetting the cell suspension until the desired clump size is achieved. One of the main challenges of conventional aggregate-based cardiac differentiation of hPSCs is that culture heterogeneity and spatial disorganization lead to variable and inefficient cardiomyocyte yield. We and others have previously reported that human embryonic stem cell (hESC) aggregate size can be modulated to optimize cardiac induction efficiency. We have addressed this challenge by employing a scalable, microwell-based approach to control physical parameters of aggregate formation, specifically aggregate size and shape. The method we describe here consists of forced aggregation of defined hPSC numbers in microwells, and the subsequent culture of these aggregates in conditions that direct cardiac induction. This protocol can be readily scaled depending on the size and number of wells used. Using this method, we can consistently achieve culture outputs with cardiomyocyte frequencies greater than 70%.

Conventional methods to initiate suspension aggregate based cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stems cells (hPSCs) are plagued with culture heterogeneity with respect to aggregate size and shape. Here, we describe a robust method for cardiac differentiation employing microwells to generate size-controlled hPSC aggregates cultured under cardiac-promoting conditions.

ヒト多能性幹細胞の懸濁液ベースの心臓分化のためのマイクロウェル中の凝集体サイズの最適化

Cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stems cells (hPSCs) is typically carried out in suspension cell aggregates.  Conventional aggregate formation ...

Rapid Neuronal Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Measuring Network Activity on Micro-electrode Arrays

Neurons derived from human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs) provide a promising new tool for studying neurological disorders. In the past decade, many protocols for differentiating hiPSCs into neurons have been developed. However, these protocols are often slow with high variability, low reproducibility, and low efficiency. In addition, the neurons obtained with these protocols are often immature and lack adequate functional activity both at the single-cell and network levels unless the neurons are cultured for several months. Partially due to these limitations, the functional properties of hiPSC-derived neuronal networks are still not well characterized. Here, we adapt a recently published protocol that describes production of human neurons from hiPSCs by forced expression of the transcription factor neurogenin-212. This protocol is rapid (yielding mature neurons within 3 weeks) and efficient, with nearly 100% conversion efficiency of transduced cells (&#62;95% of DAPI-positive cells are MAP2 positive). Furthermore, the protocol yields a homogeneous population of excitatory neurons that would allow the investigation of cell-type specific contributions to neurological disorders. We modified the original protocol by generating stably transduced hiPSC cells, giving us explicit control over the total number of neurons. These cells are then used to generate hiPSC-derived neuronal networks on micro-electrode arrays. In this way, the spontaneous electrophysiological activity of hiPSC-derived neuronal networks can be measured and characterized, while retaining interexperimental consistency in terms of cell density. The presented protocol is broadly applicable, especially for mechanistic and pharmacological studies on human neuronal networks.

We modify and implement a previously published protocol describing the rapid, reproducible, and efficient differentiation of human&#160;induced&#160;Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs) into excitatory cortical neurons12. Specifically, our modification allows for control of neuronal cell density and use on micro-electrode arrays to measure electrophysiological properties at the network level.

マイクロ電極アレイ上のネットワーク・アクティビティを測定するための人工多能性幹細胞の急速な神経分化

Neurons derived from human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs) provide a promising new tool for studying neurological disorders. In the past decade, ...

Directed Differentiation of Primitive and Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

One of the major goals for regenerative medicine is the generation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Until recently, efforts to differentiate hPSCs into HSCs have predominantly generated hematopoietic progenitors that lack HSC potential, and instead resemble yolk sac hematopoiesis.&#160;These resulting hematopoietic progenitors may have limited utility for in vitro disease modeling of various adult hematopoietic disorders, particularly those of the lymphoid lineages. However, we have recently described methods to generate erythro-myelo-lymphoid multilineage definitive hematopoietic progenitors from hPSCs using a stage-specific directed differentiation protocol, which we outline here. Through enzymatic dissociation of hPSCs on basement membrane matrix-coated plasticware, embryoid bodies (EBs) are formed. EBs are differentiated to mesoderm by recombinant BMP4, which is subsequently specified to the definitive hematopoietic program by the GSK3&#946; inhibitor, CHIR99021. Alternatively, primitive hematopoiesis is specified by the PORCN inhibitor, IWP2. Hematopoiesis is further driven through the addition of recombinant VEGF and supportive hematopoietic cytokines. The resulting hematopoietic progenitors generated using this method have the potential to be used for disease and developmental modeling, in vitro.

Here, we present human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) culture protocols, used to differentiate hPSCs into CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors. This method uses stage-specific manipulation of canonical WNT signaling to specify cells exclusively to either the definitive or primitive hematopoietic program.

ひと多能性幹細胞からプリミティブかつ決定的な造血前駆細胞の分化を監督

One of the major goals for regenerative medicine is the generation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derived from human pluripotent stem ...

Efficient Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells to NKX6-1+ Pancreatic Progenitors

Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to self renew and differentiate to multiple lineages, making them an attractive source for the generation of pancreatic progenitor cells that can be used for the study of and future treatment of diabetes. This article outlines a four-stage differentiation protocol designed to generate pancreatic progenitor cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). This protocol can be applied to a number of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines. The approach taken to generate pancreatic progenitor cells is to differentiate hESCs to accurately model key stages of pancreatic development. This begins with the induction of the definitive endoderm, which is achieved by culturing the cells in the presence of Activin A, basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) and CHIR990210. Further differentiation and patterning with Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 (FGF10) and Dorsomorphin generates cells resembling the posterior foregut. The addition of Retinoic Acid, NOGGIN, SANT-1 and FGF10 differentiates posterior foregut cells into cells characteristic of pancreatic endoderm. Finally, the combination of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Nicotinamide and NOGGIN leads to the efficient generation of PDX1+/NKX6-1+ cells. Flow cytometry is performed to confirm the expression of specific markers at key stages of pancreatic development. The PDX1+/NKX6-1+ pancreatic progenitors at the end of stage 4 are capable of generating mature &#946; cells upon transplantation into immunodeficient mice and can be further differentiated to generate insulin-producing cells in vitro. Thus, the efficient generation of PDX1+/NKX6-1+ pancreatic progenitors, as demonstrated in this protocol, is of great importance as it provides a platform to study human pancreatic development in vitro and provides a source of cells with the potential of differentiating to &#946; cells that could eventually be used for the treatment of diabetes.

Efficient Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells to NKX6-1+ Pancreatic Progenitors

Here we describe a 4-stage protocol to differentiate human embryonic stem cells to NKX6-1+ pancreatic progenitors in vitro. This protocol can be applied to a variety of human pluripotent stem cell lines.

NKX6-1への多能性幹細胞の効率的分化<sup&gt; +</sup&gt;膵臓前駆細胞

Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to self renew and differentiate to multiple lineages, making them an attractive source for the generation of ...

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Trophoblastic Cells

The placenta is the first organ to develop during embryogenesis and is required for the survival of the developing embryo. The placenta is comprised of various trophoblastic cells that differentiate from the extra-embryonic trophectoderm cells of the preimplantation blastocyst. As such, our understanding of the early differentiation events of the human placenta is limited because of ethical and legal restrictions on the isolation and manipulation of human embryogenesis. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a robust model system for investigating human development and can also be differentiated in vitro into trophoblastic cells that express markers of the various trophoblast cell types. Here, we present a detailed protocol for differentiating hPSCs into trophoblastic cells using bone morphogenic protein 4 and inhibitors of the Activin/Nodal signaling pathways. This protocol generates various trophoblast cell types that can be transfected with siRNAs for investigating loss-of-function phenotypes or can be infected with pathogens. Additionally, hPSCs can be genetically modified and then differentiated into trophoblast progenitors for gain-of-function analyses. This in vitro differentiation method for generating human trophoblasts starting from hPSCs overcomes the ethical and legal restrictions of working with early human embryos, and this system can be used for a variety of applications, including drug discovery and stem cell research.

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Trophoblastic Cells

Here, we present a protocol to efficiently generate human trophoblastic cells from human pluripotent stem cells using bone morphogenic protein 4 and inhibitors of the Activin/Nodal pathways. This method is suitable for the efficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells and can generate large quantities of cells for genetic manipulation.

ヒト多能性幹細胞のin vitro分化における絨毛細胞へ

The placenta is the first organ to develop during embryogenesis and is required for the survival of the developing embryo. The placenta is comprised of ...

Rapid, Directed Differentiation of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Human Embryonic or Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

We describe a robust method to direct the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). The purpose of providing a detailed and thorough protocol is to clearly demonstrate each step and to make this readily available to researchers in the field. This protocol results in a homogenous layer of RPE with minimal or no manual dissection needed. The method presented here has been shown to be effective for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and human embryonic stem cells. Additionally, we describe methods for cryopreservation of intermediate cell banks that allow long-term storage. RPE generated using this protocol might be useful for iPSC disease-in-a-dish modeling or clinical application.

This protocol describes how to produce retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) from pluripotent stem cells. The method uses a combination of growth factors and small molecules to direct the differentiation of stem cells into immature RPE in fourteen days and mature, functional RPE after three months.

人間の胚または誘導多能性幹細胞からの網膜色素上皮細胞の急速な監督の分化

We describe a robust method to direct the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). The purpose of providing ...

Efficient and Scalable Directed Differentiation of Clinically Compatible Corneal Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Corneal limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) are responsible for continuously renewing the corneal epithelium, and thus maintaining corneal homeostasis and visual clarity. Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived LESCs provide a promising cell source for corneal cell replacement therapy. Undefined, xenogeneic culture and differentiation conditions cause variation in research results and impede the clinical translation of hPSC-derived therapeutics. This protocol provides a reproducible and efficient method for hPSC-LESC differentiation under xeno- and feeder cell-free conditions. Firstly, monolayer culture of undifferentiated hPSC on recombinant laminin-521 (LN-521) and defined hPSC medium serves as a foundation for robust production of high-quality starting material for differentiations. Secondly, a rapid and simple hPSC-LESC differentiation method yields LESC populations in only 24 days. This method includes a four-day surface ectodermal induction in suspension with small molecules, followed by adherent culture phase on LN-521/collagen IV combination matrix in defined corneal epithelial differentiation medium. Cryostoring and extended differentiation further purifies the cell population and enables banking of the cells in large quantities for cell therapy products. The resulting high-quality hPSC-LESCs provide a potential novel treatment strategy for corneal surface reconstruction to treat limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD).

This protocol introduces a simple two-step method for differentiating corneal limbal epithelial stem cells from human pluripotent stem cells under xeno- and feeder cell-free culture conditions. The cell culture methods presented here enable cost-efficient, large-scale production of clinical quality cells applicable to corneal cell therapy use.

効率的かつスケーラブルな臨床的に互換性のある角膜輪部上皮幹細胞ひと多能性幹細胞からの分化

Corneal limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) are responsible for continuously renewing the corneal epithelium, and thus maintaining corneal homeostasis ...

Efficient Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Liver Cells

The liver detoxifies harmful substances, secretes vital proteins, and executes key metabolic activities, thus sustaining life. Consequently, liver failure&#8212;which can be caused by chronic alcohol intake, hepatitis, acute poisoning, or other insults&#8212;is a severe condition that can culminate in bleeding, jaundice, coma, and eventually death. However, approaches to treat liver failure, as well as studies of liver function and disease, have been stymied in part by the lack of a plentiful supply of human liver cells. To this end, this protocol details the efficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells, guided by a developmental roadmap that describes how liver fate is specified across six consecutive differentiation steps. By manipulating developmental signaling pathways to promote liver differentiation and to explicitly suppress the formation of unwanted cell fates, this method efficiently generates populations of human liver bud progenitors and hepatocyte-like cells by days 6 and 18 of PSC differentiation, respectively. This is achieved through the temporally-precise control of developmental signaling pathways, exerted by small molecules and growth factors in a serum-free culture medium. Differentiation in this system occurs in monolayers and yields hepatocyte-like cells that express characteristic hepatocyte enzymes and have the ability to engraft a mouse model of chronic liver failure. The ability to efficiently generate large numbers of human liver cells in vitro has ramifications for treatment of liver failure, for drug screening, and for mechanistic studies of liver disease.

This protocol details a monolayer, serum-free method to efficiently generate hepatocyte-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in 18 days. This entails six steps as hPSCs sequentially differentiate into intermediate cell-types such as the primitive streak, definitive endoderm, posterior foregut and liver bud progenitors before forming hepatocyte-like cells.

ヒト多能性幹細胞の肝細胞への効率的な分化

The liver detoxifies harmful substances, secretes vital proteins, and executes key metabolic activities, thus sustaining life. Consequently, liver ...

In Vitro Generation of Somite Derivatives from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In response to signals such as WNTs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and sonic hedgehog (SHH) secreted from surrounding tissues, somites (SMs) give rise to multiple cell types, including the myotome (MYO), sclerotome (SCL), dermatome (D), and syndetome (SYN), which in turn develop into skeletal muscle, axial skeleton, dorsal dermis, and axial tendon/ligament, respectively. Therefore, the generation of SMs and their derivatives from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is critical to obtain pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) for application in regenerative medicine and for disease research in the field of orthopedic surgery. Although the induction protocols for MYO and SCL from PSCs have been previously reported by several researchers, no study has yet demonstrated the induction of SYN and D from iPSCs. Therefore, efficient induction of fully competent SMs remains a major challenge. Here, we recapitulate human SM patterning with human iPSCs in vitro by mimicking the signaling environment during chick/mouse SM development, and report on methods of systematic induction of SM derivatives (MYO, SCL, D, and SYN) from human iPSCs under chemically defined conditions through the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) and SM states. Knowledge regarding chick/mouse&#160;SM development was successfully applied to the induction of SMs with human iPSCs. This method could be a novel tool for studying human somitogenesis and patterning without the use of embryos and for cell-based therapy and disease modeling.

We present here a protocol for the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into each somite derivative (myotome, sclerotome, dermatome, and syndetome) in chemically defined conditions, which has applications in future disease modeling and cell-based therapies in orthopedic surgery.

体節誘導体誘導される人間からの体外世代多能性幹細胞します。

In response to signals such as WNTs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and sonic hedgehog (SHH) secreted from surrounding tissues, somites (SMs) give ...