この原稿は、トロント一般と西洋財団とバンティング＆ベスト糖尿病センター、大学健康ネットワーク大学院賞からの資金によってサポートされていました。

ソリューションとメディアの作製注：無菌環境での細胞培養のためのすべてのメディアを準備します。媒体を作製し、直ちに使用しなければなりません。試薬の詳細は材料表で提供されます。 <ol><li> 分化培地 <ol><li> 1％グルタミンを含むRPMI中、2μMCHIR 99021、100ng / mlのアクチビンA、10 4 M MTG：0日分化メディアを準備します。 </li><li> 1％グルタミン、100ng / mlのアクチビンA、10 4 M MTG、5 ngの/ mlのbFGF、50μg/ mlのアスコルビン酸を含むRPMI培地：日1-2分化のメディアを準備します。 </li><li> 1％グルタミン、1％のB27、10 4 M MTG、0.75μMドルソモルフィン、50 ngの/ mlのFGF10を含むRPMI培地：日3-5分化のメディアを準備します。 </li><li>日6-7分化メディアを準備しますDMEMを1％グルタミン、1％のB27、50μg/ mlのアスコルビン酸、50 ngの/ mlのFGF10、0.25μMのSANT-1、2μMレチノイン酸、50 ngの/ mlのノギンで。 注：レチノイン酸は、最後の培地に添加されるべきであり、メディアが酸化分解15を防止するために、光から保護されるべきです。 </li><li>日8-12分化メディアを準備しますDMEMを1％グルタミン、1％のB27、50μg/ mlのアスコルビン酸、50 ngの/ mlのノギン、100ng / mlののhEGF、10 mMのニコチンアミドと。 </li></ol></li><li> PBS中10％FBS、マイナスカルシウムとマグネシウム：FACS緩衝液を準備します。 </li></ol> 2. HESC分化注：HESC、解凍継代およびbFGF 16を補充しKOSRベースのメディアの存在下で照射したマウス胚性線維芽細胞上で展開されます。細胞は、80から95までパーセントの集密度に達したときのhESCは、分化の準備ができています。この時点でコロニーが定義された境界線と&#39;domelike」構造（ 図1A）との大きさであるべきです。すべての細胞培養は、平底、0.1％ゼラチンでコーティングした組織培養処理プレート中で行われます。典型的に、細胞は6で増殖させますかそれぞれ2ミリリットルまたは1ミリリットルのメディアボリュームで12ウェルプレート、。 <ol><li> 0日目に、0日目の分化メディアでKOSRベースのメディアを交換することによって分化を始めます。 </li><li> 1日目および2日目に、静かに吸引する前に、単層から任意の死んだ細胞を除去するためにプレートを振ります。日1-2分化のメディアと交換してください。 </li><li> 3日目に、フローサイトメトリーのための収穫細胞。細胞が90％以上CXCR4 + / CD117 +を発現した場合は、2.4に進みます。 </li><li> 3日目および5日目に、静かに前吸引に単分子層から任意の死んだ細胞を除去するためにプレートを振ります。日3-5分化のメディアと交換してください。 </li><li>日6および7に、日6-7分化のメディアと交換してください。 </li><li> 8日、10と12日、日8-12分化のメディアと交換してください。 </li><li> 13日目に、フローサイトメトリーのための収穫細胞は、PDX1とNKX6-1式を決定します。 </li></ol>フローサイトメトリー分析のため3.収穫細胞<ol><li>で細胞を解離1X商業トリプシン溶液を製造業者のプロトコールに従って、3分間37℃でインキュベートします。 </li><li> 30μlのDNアーゼIと千μlのFACS緩衝液中で単一細胞を商業トリプシン溶液を除去し、再懸濁</li><li>マイクロチューブに35μmのナイロンメッシュセルストレーナーと転送を使用してフィルタ細胞。 </li><li> 5分間、455×gで遠心分離した細胞。ライブまたは固定のいずれかの染色のための細胞を準備します。 </li></ol>フローサイトメトリー用4.染色<ol><li> 3日目のライブ染色のための準備を流れます <ol><li>千μlのFACSバッファーで細胞を再懸濁し。 （未染色および染色された両方のサンプル用）96ウェルプレートの2ウェルに200μlの（約1-3×10 5細胞）を転送。 </li><li> 2分間931×gでプレートを遠心。プレートを反転させ、上清を除去します。 </li><li> APC及びCD117：PE（Mは表をaterials参照）3用の一次結合抗体、CXCR4とステイン光から保護し、室温で0分。 </li><li> 2分間931×gでプレートを遠心。プレートを反転させ、上清を除去します。 </li><li> 100μlのFACS緩衝液中に再懸濁サンプル。 </li><li> 2分間931×gでプレートを遠心。プレートを反転させ、上清を除去します。 </li><li> 1ミリリットルマイクロ試験管または5ミリリットル丸底チューブに300〜500μlのFACSバッファーの全体積で各サンプル、転送を再懸濁します。 </li><li> 17フローサイトメーター上で実行したサンプル。サンプルはすぐに実行することができない場合は、4°Cで保存光から保護します。 </li></ol></li><li> 13日目に固定された染色のための準備を流れます <ol><li> 4℃で24時間、商業固定/透過処理溶液中の細胞ペレットを再懸濁します。 </li><li> 5分間、455×gでサンプルを遠心。 400μlのパーマ/洗浄溶液中に再懸濁します。 </li><li> TWにサンプル（約0.5〜1×10 6細胞）の200μLを移します（IgGコントロールとPDX1 / NKX6-1染色用）を、96ウェルプレートのウェルO。 2分間931×gで遠心分離します。 </li><li>抗PDX1および抗NKX6-1プライマリまたはアイソタイプ対照抗体を含有する100μlのパーマ/洗浄溶液中で細胞ペレットを再懸濁（ 材料表を参照してください）。 4℃で一晩インキュベートします。 </li><li> 2分間931×gでプレートを遠心。プレートを反転させ、上清を除去します。 100μlのパーマ/洗浄溶液中に再懸濁サンプル。 </li><li> 2分間931×gでプレートを遠心。プレートを反転させ、上清を除去します。 </li><li>光から保護し、室温で1時間、二次抗体を含有する100μlのパーマ/洗浄でサンプルを再懸濁します。 </li><li> 2分間931×gでプレートを遠心。プレートを反転させ、上清を除去します。 </li><li> 100μlのパーマ/洗浄溶液中に再懸濁サンプル。 </li><li> 2分間931×gでプレートを遠心。プレートを反転させ、上清を除去します。 </li><li>代表ステップ4.2.9と4.2.10を食べます。 </li><li> 1ミリリットルマイクロ試験管または5ミリリットル丸底チューブに300〜500μlのFACSバッファーの全体積で各サンプル、転送を再懸濁します。 </li><li> 17フローサイトメーター上で実行したサンプル。サンプルはすぐに実行することができない場合は、4°Cで保存光から保護します。 </li></ol></li></ol>

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著者らは、開示することは何もありません。

成功し、in vitroで hPSCsからNKX6-1 +膵臓前駆細胞を生成する膵臓の開発中にキーの発達段階を管理する特定のシグナル伝達経路の正確なレギュレーションを伴うhPSCsの高品質の文化と向かう分化の使用に依存しています。このプロトコルは、以下の考慮がなされるべきである効率的なNKX6-1生成を確実にするために、先に示したように3 HPSC線の多様にわたってNKX6-1?...

糖尿病の有病率は増加しており、カナダ糖尿病協会によると、1型糖尿病（T1D）1を持つこれらの個体5〜10％の、カナダで1100万人が糖尿病または前糖尿病であると推定されています。 T1Dは、ランゲルハンス島の中に配置されているインスリン産生β細胞の破壊により引き起こされる自己免疫疾患です。現在、T1Dとの生活の個人は、インスリン2の外因性の源を必要とします。インスリン療法の進歩にもかかわらず、T1D患者は、血糖値を調節する困難な時期を持っており、ハイポや高血糖の両方を苦しみ続けるために続けています。 T1Dにおいて正常血糖を回復させる治療の有望な形は、in vivoおよびin vitro 3 の両方で β細胞のインスリン産生の無制限の供給を生成するために使用することができるヒト胚性幹細胞（hESC）の使用であります<sクラス= &quot;外部参照&quot;&gt; 4、5、6、7アップ。 β様する細胞は、それが可能なin vitroで糖尿病を研究することを可能にする2型糖尿病のための新たな治療標的の同定を可能にし、T1D患者への移植用の細胞を提供することができるヒトES細胞を分化。 in vitroでのヒトES細胞からのインスリン産生細胞の生成で最も成功した試みは、膵臓の開発4、5中に発生する胚のイベントを再現することです。これは、正確に開発膵臓の主要な段階をモデル化するための明確なシグナル伝達経路の操作を必要とします。膵臓の開発は、CXCR4およびCD117（C-KIT）8、9の発現によって特徴付けられる胚体内胚葉の誘導で始まります。 definitの正確なレギュレーションアイブ内胚葉組織は、その後、前方対後方と腹側背パターニングを受け、腸管の形成のために必要とされます。背側と腹側膵臓芽は、膵臓の開発10のために必要である膵臓および十二指腸ホメオボックス遺伝子（ のPdx1）を発現する後部前腸の領域から出てきます。背側と腹側芽ヒューズはその後、大規模な上皮再構築および展開11を受ける膵臓を形成します。内分泌と外分泌系統へのコミットメントを表明多能性前駆細胞（MPCは）の生成を伴っている、とりわけ、転写ははPdx1、NKX6.1およびPtf1a 12、13因子 。内分泌および導管細胞になるだろうMPCがPtf1a発現を減少させながらNkx6-1を発現し続けます。これに反して、外分泌系統細胞はexpressioを失うことになりますNkx6-1のnおよびPtf1a式 12を維持します 。 転写因子Nkx6-1、特にβ細胞する内分泌前駆細胞の分化の間に、膵臓の発達において重要な役割を有しています。前述のように、Nkx6-1の欠失は、膵臓の発達14中β細胞の障害の形成をもたらします。したがって、 インビトロおよびインビボの両方において 、インスリン産生β細胞を生成するNkx6-1の効率的な誘導を必要とします。 我々は最近、効率的にhPSCsからPDX1 + / NKX6-1 +膵臓前駆細胞を生成するためのプロトコルを開発しました。これらのHPSC由来の膵臓前駆細胞は、免疫不全マウス3への移植の際に成熟β細胞を生成します。 1）胚体内胚葉誘導：分化プロトコルは、特徴的な4段階に分けることができます、2）後部前腸パターニング、3）膵臓仕様および4）NKX6-1誘導。ここでは、有向分化の各ステップの詳細な説明を提供します。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Media and cytokines</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1-Thioglycerol (MTG)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M6145</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Activin A</td>
			<td>R&#38;D</td>
			<td>338-AC/CF&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ascorbic Acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A4544</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>B-27 Supplement</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>12587-010&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Cytofix/Cytoperm Buffer</td>
			<td>BD Bioscience</td>
			<td>554722</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Perm/Wash buffer, 1x</td>
			<td>BD Bioscience</td>
			<td>554723</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>bFGF</td>
			<td>R&#38;D</td>
			<td>233-FB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CHIR990210</td>
			<td>Tocris</td>
			<td>4423a</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#8217;s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11995</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNase I</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>80510-412&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dorsomorphin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P5499</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EGF</td>
			<td>R&#38;D</td>
			<td>236-EG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Wisent</td>
			<td>88150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FGF10</td>
			<td>R&#38;D</td>
			<td>345-FG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gelatin from porcine skin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G1890</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glutamine</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>25030</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nicotinamide</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>NO636</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NOGGIN</td>
			<td>R&#38;D</td>
			<td>3344-NG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15070-063</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Retinoic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>R2625</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI Medium 1640</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11875</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SANT-1</td>
			<td>Tocris</td>
			<td>1974</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TrypLE Express Enzyme (1x), phenol red</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>12605-010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalogue Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antibodies for flow cytometry (working dilutions)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD117 PE (1:100)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>CD11705</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CXCR4 APC (1:50)</td>
			<td>BD&#160; Bioscience</td>
			<td>551966</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L), Alexa Fluor 647 conjugate (1:400)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A-31571</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey Anti-Goat IgG (H+L), Alexa Fluor 488 (1:400)&#160;</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories Inc.</td>
			<td>705-546-147</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isotype Control Mouse IgG&#160;</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories Inc.&#160;</td>
			<td>015-000-003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isotype Control Goat IgG</td>
			<td>R&#38;D&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>AB-108-C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NKX6-1 (1:2000)</td>
			<td>DSHB</td>
			<td>F55A10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PDX1 (1:100)</td>
			<td>R&#38;D</td>
			<td>AF2419</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

efficient differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to nkx6-1+ pancreatic progenitors

多能性幹細胞は、自己に更新し、それらの研究および糖尿病の将来の治療のために使用することができる膵臓前駆細胞の生成のための魅力的なソース作り、複数の系統に分化する能力を有します。この記事では、ヒト胚性幹細胞（ヒトES細胞）から膵臓前駆細胞を生成するように設計された4段階の分化プロトコルの概要を説明します。このプロトコルは、ヒト多能性幹細胞（HPSC）行数に適用することができます。膵臓前駆細胞を生成するために取られたアプローチは、正確に膵臓発生の主要な段階をモデル化するためにヒトES細胞を区別することです。これは、アクチビンA、塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子（bFGF）およびCHIR990210の存在下で細胞を培養することによって達成される胚体内胚葉の誘導で始まります。線維芽細胞増殖因子10（FGF10）とドルソモルフィンとのさらなる分化とパターニングは、後部前腸に似た細胞を生成します。レチンの追加OIC酸、ノギンは、SANT-1およびFGF10は膵臓内胚葉に特徴的な細胞内に後部前腸細胞を区別します。最後に、上皮成長因子（EGF）の組合せは、ニコチンアミドとノギンは、PDX1 + / NKX6-1 +細胞の効率的な生成につながります。フローサイトメトリーは、膵臓の発達の重要な段階に特異的なマーカーの発現を確認するために行われます。ステージ4の終わりにPDX1 + / NKX6-1 +膵臓前駆細胞は、免疫不全マウスへの移植時に、成熟β細胞を生成することができ、さらに、インビトロでのインスリン産生細胞を生成するように分化させることができます。それは、in vitroでヒト膵臓の開発を研究するためのプラットフォームを提供し、に分化する能力を有する細胞の供給源を提供するようしたがって、このプロトコルで示されているようにPDX1 + / NKX6-1 +膵臓前駆細胞の効率的な生成は、非常に重要ですEVができβ細胞entually糖尿病の治療のために使用されます。

図1（a）の模式的に示したように、膵臓前駆細胞を効率的に生成するには、分化プロトコル中に特定のシグナル伝達分子の正確加え、続いて未分化細胞の適切な成長および維持に依存しています。 0日目に、未分化細胞は、80から95パーセントのコンフルエントであるべきであり、コロニーは、定義されたエッジ（ 図1A）を持っている必要があ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Efficient Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells to NKX6-1+ Pancreatic Progenitors at JoVE.com

Efficient Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells to NKX6-1+ Pancreatic Progenitors

ここでは、in vitroで NKX6-1 +膵臓前駆細胞にヒト胚性幹細胞を区別するために4段階のプロトコルを記述します。このプロトコルは、ヒト多能性幹細胞株の多様に適用することができます。

NKX6-1への多能性幹細胞の効率的分化<sup&gt; +</sup&gt;膵臓前駆細胞

Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to self renew and differentiate to multiple lineages, making them an attractive source for the generation of ...

efficient-differentiation-pluripotent-stem-cells-to-nkx6-1-pancreatic

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Efficient Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells to NKX6-1+ Pancreatic Progenitors

7.8K ビュー.  University Health Network. ここでは、in vitroで NKX6-1 +膵臓前駆細胞にヒト胚性幹細胞を区別するために4段階のプロトコルを記述します。このプロトコルは、ヒト多能性幹細胞株の多様に適用することができます。 

ビデオ: Efficient Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells to NKX6-1+ Pancreatic Progenitors

Directed Differentiation of Primitive and Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

One of the major goals for regenerative medicine is the generation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Until recently, efforts to differentiate hPSCs into HSCs have predominantly generated hematopoietic progenitors that lack HSC potential, and instead resemble yolk sac hematopoiesis.&#160;These resulting hematopoietic progenitors may have limited utility for in vitro disease modeling of various adult hematopoietic disorders, particularly those of the lymphoid lineages. However, we have recently described methods to generate erythro-myelo-lymphoid multilineage definitive hematopoietic progenitors from hPSCs using a stage-specific directed differentiation protocol, which we outline here. Through enzymatic dissociation of hPSCs on basement membrane matrix-coated plasticware, embryoid bodies (EBs) are formed. EBs are differentiated to mesoderm by recombinant BMP4, which is subsequently specified to the definitive hematopoietic program by the GSK3&#946; inhibitor, CHIR99021. Alternatively, primitive hematopoiesis is specified by the PORCN inhibitor, IWP2. Hematopoiesis is further driven through the addition of recombinant VEGF and supportive hematopoietic cytokines. The resulting hematopoietic progenitors generated using this method have the potential to be used for disease and developmental modeling, in vitro.

Here, we present human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) culture protocols, used to differentiate hPSCs into CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors. This method uses stage-specific manipulation of canonical WNT signaling to specify cells exclusively to either the definitive or primitive hematopoietic program.

ひと多能性幹細胞からプリミティブかつ決定的な造血前駆細胞の分化を監督

One of the major goals for regenerative medicine is the generation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derived from human pluripotent stem ...

発生生物学

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Trophoblastic Cells

The placenta is the first organ to develop during embryogenesis and is required for the survival of the developing embryo. The placenta is comprised of various trophoblastic cells that differentiate from the extra-embryonic trophectoderm cells of the preimplantation blastocyst. As such, our understanding of the early differentiation events of the human placenta is limited because of ethical and legal restrictions on the isolation and manipulation of human embryogenesis. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a robust model system for investigating human development and can also be differentiated in vitro into trophoblastic cells that express markers of the various trophoblast cell types. Here, we present a detailed protocol for differentiating hPSCs into trophoblastic cells using bone morphogenic protein 4 and inhibitors of the Activin/Nodal signaling pathways. This protocol generates various trophoblast cell types that can be transfected with siRNAs for investigating loss-of-function phenotypes or can be infected with pathogens. Additionally, hPSCs can be genetically modified and then differentiated into trophoblast progenitors for gain-of-function analyses. This in vitro differentiation method for generating human trophoblasts starting from hPSCs overcomes the ethical and legal restrictions of working with early human embryos, and this system can be used for a variety of applications, including drug discovery and stem cell research.

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Trophoblastic Cells

Here, we present a protocol to efficiently generate human trophoblastic cells from human pluripotent stem cells using bone morphogenic protein 4 and inhibitors of the Activin/Nodal pathways. This method is suitable for the efficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells and can generate large quantities of cells for genetic manipulation.

ヒト多能性幹細胞のin vitro分化における絨毛細胞へ

The placenta is the first organ to develop during embryogenesis and is required for the survival of the developing embryo. The placenta is comprised of ...

Rapid, Directed Differentiation of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Human Embryonic or Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

We describe a robust method to direct the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). The purpose of providing a detailed and thorough protocol is to clearly demonstrate each step and to make this readily available to researchers in the field. This protocol results in a homogenous layer of RPE with minimal or no manual dissection needed. The method presented here has been shown to be effective for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and human embryonic stem cells. Additionally, we describe methods for cryopreservation of intermediate cell banks that allow long-term storage. RPE generated using this protocol might be useful for iPSC disease-in-a-dish modeling or clinical application.

This protocol describes how to produce retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) from pluripotent stem cells. The method uses a combination of growth factors and small molecules to direct the differentiation of stem cells into immature RPE in fourteen days and mature, functional RPE after three months.

人間の胚または誘導多能性幹細胞からの網膜色素上皮細胞の急速な監督の分化

We describe a robust method to direct the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). The purpose of providing ...

Efficient and Scalable Directed Differentiation of Clinically Compatible Corneal Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Corneal limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) are responsible for continuously renewing the corneal epithelium, and thus maintaining corneal homeostasis and visual clarity. Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived LESCs provide a promising cell source for corneal cell replacement therapy. Undefined, xenogeneic culture and differentiation conditions cause variation in research results and impede the clinical translation of hPSC-derived therapeutics. This protocol provides a reproducible and efficient method for hPSC-LESC differentiation under xeno- and feeder cell-free conditions. Firstly, monolayer culture of undifferentiated hPSC on recombinant laminin-521 (LN-521) and defined hPSC medium serves as a foundation for robust production of high-quality starting material for differentiations. Secondly, a rapid and simple hPSC-LESC differentiation method yields LESC populations in only 24 days. This method includes a four-day surface ectodermal induction in suspension with small molecules, followed by adherent culture phase on LN-521/collagen IV combination matrix in defined corneal epithelial differentiation medium. Cryostoring and extended differentiation further purifies the cell population and enables banking of the cells in large quantities for cell therapy products. The resulting high-quality hPSC-LESCs provide a potential novel treatment strategy for corneal surface reconstruction to treat limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD).

This protocol introduces a simple two-step method for differentiating corneal limbal epithelial stem cells from human pluripotent stem cells under xeno- and feeder cell-free culture conditions. The cell culture methods presented here enable cost-efficient, large-scale production of clinical quality cells applicable to corneal cell therapy use.

効率的かつスケーラブルな臨床的に互換性のある角膜輪部上皮幹細胞ひと多能性幹細胞からの分化

Corneal limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) are responsible for continuously renewing the corneal epithelium, and thus maintaining corneal homeostasis ...

Efficient Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Liver Cells

The liver detoxifies harmful substances, secretes vital proteins, and executes key metabolic activities, thus sustaining life. Consequently, liver failure&#8212;which can be caused by chronic alcohol intake, hepatitis, acute poisoning, or other insults&#8212;is a severe condition that can culminate in bleeding, jaundice, coma, and eventually death. However, approaches to treat liver failure, as well as studies of liver function and disease, have been stymied in part by the lack of a plentiful supply of human liver cells. To this end, this protocol details the efficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells, guided by a developmental roadmap that describes how liver fate is specified across six consecutive differentiation steps. By manipulating developmental signaling pathways to promote liver differentiation and to explicitly suppress the formation of unwanted cell fates, this method efficiently generates populations of human liver bud progenitors and hepatocyte-like cells by days 6 and 18 of PSC differentiation, respectively. This is achieved through the temporally-precise control of developmental signaling pathways, exerted by small molecules and growth factors in a serum-free culture medium. Differentiation in this system occurs in monolayers and yields hepatocyte-like cells that express characteristic hepatocyte enzymes and have the ability to engraft a mouse model of chronic liver failure. The ability to efficiently generate large numbers of human liver cells in vitro has ramifications for treatment of liver failure, for drug screening, and for mechanistic studies of liver disease.

This protocol details a monolayer, serum-free method to efficiently generate hepatocyte-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in 18 days. This entails six steps as hPSCs sequentially differentiate into intermediate cell-types such as the primitive streak, definitive endoderm, posterior foregut and liver bud progenitors before forming hepatocyte-like cells.

ヒト多能性幹細胞の肝細胞への効率的な分化

The liver detoxifies harmful substances, secretes vital proteins, and executes key metabolic activities, thus sustaining life. Consequently, liver ...

In Vitro Generation of Somite Derivatives from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In response to signals such as WNTs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and sonic hedgehog (SHH) secreted from surrounding tissues, somites (SMs) give rise to multiple cell types, including the myotome (MYO), sclerotome (SCL), dermatome (D), and syndetome (SYN), which in turn develop into skeletal muscle, axial skeleton, dorsal dermis, and axial tendon/ligament, respectively. Therefore, the generation of SMs and their derivatives from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is critical to obtain pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) for application in regenerative medicine and for disease research in the field of orthopedic surgery. Although the induction protocols for MYO and SCL from PSCs have been previously reported by several researchers, no study has yet demonstrated the induction of SYN and D from iPSCs. Therefore, efficient induction of fully competent SMs remains a major challenge. Here, we recapitulate human SM patterning with human iPSCs in vitro by mimicking the signaling environment during chick/mouse SM development, and report on methods of systematic induction of SM derivatives (MYO, SCL, D, and SYN) from human iPSCs under chemically defined conditions through the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) and SM states. Knowledge regarding chick/mouse&#160;SM development was successfully applied to the induction of SMs with human iPSCs. This method could be a novel tool for studying human somitogenesis and patterning without the use of embryos and for cell-based therapy and disease modeling.

We present here a protocol for the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into each somite derivative (myotome, sclerotome, dermatome, and syndetome) in chemically defined conditions, which has applications in future disease modeling and cell-based therapies in orthopedic surgery.

体節誘導体誘導される人間からの体外世代多能性幹細胞します。

In response to signals such as WNTs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and sonic hedgehog (SHH) secreted from surrounding tissues, somites (SMs) give ...

Transient Treatment of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells with DMSO to Promote Differentiation

Despite the growing use of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), challenges in efficiently differentiating embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (ESCs and iPSCs) across various lineages remain. Numerous differentiation protocols have been developed, yet variability across cell lines and low rates of differentiation impart challenges in successfully implementing these protocols. Described here is an easy and inexpensive means to enhance the differentiation capacity of PSCs. It has been previously shown that treatment of stem cells with a low concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) significantly increases the propensity of a variety of PSCs to differentiate to different cell types following directed differentiation. This technique has now been shown to be effective across different species (e.g., mouse, primate, and human) into multiple lineages, ranging from neurons and cortical spheroids to smooth muscle cells and hepatocytes. The DMSO pretreatment improves PSC differentiation by regulating the cell cycle and priming stem cells to be more responsive to differentiation signals. Provided here is the detailed methodology for using this simple tool as a reproducible and widely applicable means to more efficiently differentiate PSCs to any lineage of choice.

Generating differentiated cell types from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) holds great therapeutic promise but remains challenging. PSCs often exhibit an inherent inability to differentiate even when stimulated with a proper set of signals. Described here is a simple tool to enhance multilineage differentiation across a variety of PSC lines.

DMSOを用したヒト多能性幹細胞の一過性治療による分化を促進

Despite the growing use of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), challenges in efficiently differentiating embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (ESCs and ...

Assessment of Oxidative Damage in the Primary Mouse Ocular Surface Cells/Stem Cells in Response to Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) Damage

The ocular surface is subjected to regular wear and tear due to various environmental factors. Exposure to UV-C radiation constitutes an occupational health hazard. Here, we demonstrate the exposure of primary stem cells from the mouse ocular surface to UV-C radiation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation is the readout of the extent of oxidative stress/damage. In an experimental in vitro setting, it is also essential to assess the percentage of dead cells generated due to oxidative stress. In this article, we will demonstrate the 2&#39;,7&#39;-Dichlorofluoresceindiacetate (DCFDA) staining of UV-C exposed mouse primary ocular surface stem cells and their quantification based on the fluorescent images of DCFDA staining. DCFDA staining directly corresponds to ROS generation. We also demonstrate the quantification of dead and live cells by simultaneous staining with propidium iodide (PI) and Hoechst 3332 respectively and the percentage of DCFDA (ROS positive) and PI positive cells.

Assessment of Oxidative Damage in the Primary Mouse Ocular Surface Cells/Stem Cells in Response to Ultraviolet-C UV-C Damage

This protocol demonstrates the simultaneous detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS), live cells, and dead cells in live primary cultures from mouse ocular surface cells. 2&#39;,7&#39;-Dichlorofluoresceindiacetate, propidium iodide, and Hoechst staining are used to assess the ROS, dead cells, and live cells, respectively, followed by imaging and analysis.

紫外C(UV-C)損傷に対する主なマウス眼表面細胞/幹細胞における酸化的損傷の評価

The ocular surface is subjected to regular wear and tear due to various environmental factors. Exposure to UV-C radiation constitutes an occupational ...

Efficient Neural Differentiation using Single-Cell Culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

In vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has transformed the ability to study human development on both biological and molecular levels and provided cells for use in regenerative applications. Standard approaches for hESC culture using colony type culture to maintain undifferentiated hESCs and embryoid body (EB) and rosette formation for differentiation into different germ layers are inefficient and time-consuming. Presented here is a single-cell culture method using hESCs instead of a colony-type culture. This method allows maintenance of the characteristic features of undifferentiated hESCs, including expression of hESC markers at levels comparable to colony type hESCs. In addition, the protocol presents an efficient method for neural progenitor cell (NPC) generation from single-cell type hESCs that produces NPCs within 1 week. These cells highly express several NPC marker genes and can differentiate into various neural cell types, including dopaminergic neurons and astrocytes. This single-cell culture system for hESCs will be useful in investigating the molecular mechanisms of these processes, studies of certain diseases, and drug discovery screens.

Presented here is a protocol for the generation of a single-cell culture of human embryonic stem cells and their subsequent differentiation into neural progenitor cells. The protocol is simple, robust, scalable, and suitable for drug screening and regenerative medicine applications.

ヒト胚性幹細胞の単細胞培養を用いた効率的な神経分化

In vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has transformed the ability to study human development on both biological and molecular ...

Efficient Differentiation of Postganglionic Sympathetic Neurons using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells under Feeder-free and Chemically Defined Culture Conditions

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have become a powerful tool for disease modeling and the study of human embryonic development in vitro. We previously presented a differentiation protocol for the derivation of autonomic neurons with sympathetic character that has been applied to patients with autonomic neuropathy. However, the protocol was built on Knock Out Serum Replacement (KSR) and feeder-based culture conditions, and to ensure high differentiation efficiency, cell sorting was necessary. These factors cause high variability, high cost, and low reproducibility. Moreover, mature sympathetic properties, including electrical activity, have not been verified. Here, we present an optimized protocol where PSC culture and differentiation are performed in feeder-free and chemically defined culture conditions. Genetic markers identifying trunk neural crest are identified. Further differentiation into postganglionic sympathetic neurons is achieved after 20 days without the need for cell sorting. Electrophysiological recording further shows the functional neuron identity. Firing detected from our differentiated neurons can be enhanced by nicotine and suppressed by the adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol. Intermediate sympathetic neural progenitors in this protocol can be maintained as neural spheroids for up to 2 weeks, which allows expansion of the cultures. In sum, our updated sympathetic neuron differentiation protocol shows high differentiation efficiency, better reproducibility, more flexibility, and better neural maturation compared to the previous version. This protocol will provide researchers with the cells necessary to study human disorders that affect the autonomic nervous system.

In this protocol, we describe a stable, highly efficient differentiation strategy for the generation of postganglionic sympathetic neurons from human pluripotent stem cells. This model will make neurons available for the use of studies of multiple autonomic disorders.

フィーダーフリーおよび化学的に定義された培養条件下でのヒト多能性幹細胞を用いた後神経節系交感神経ニューロンの効率的な分化

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have become a powerful tool for disease modeling and the study of human embryonic development in vitro. We previously ...