Name: an efficient and flexible cell aggregation method for 3d spheroid production
Uploaded: 2017-03-27T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 7 min 46 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Efficient and Flexible Cell Aggregation Method for 3D Spheroid Production at JoVE.com

The authors thank M. Gordon of the Queen's University Biomedical Imaging Centre for assistance. This work was supported by operating grants from the Cancer Research Society of Canada (19439) and the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (MOP-142303) (LMM), and by Ontario Graduate Scholarships and studentships from the Terry Fox Research Institute Training Program in Transdisciplinary Cancer Research (SMM, EYL), and by a Craig Jury Summer Studentship (SMM).

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

私たちは、安価で広く入手可能な試薬を用いたin vivo組織のアーキテクチャをモデル化するために、3Dスフェロイドを生産するための迅速かつ柔軟な方法を提示します。我々のプロトコルは、細胞凝集を媒介し、細胞単層の形成を最小限にするためにMC 8,9の非細胞毒性および接着促進特性を利用します。動物源から単離されたタンパク質ベー?...

腫瘍細胞の挙動の生物学的に関連する評価は、これらが十分に生体内で見つかった細胞微小環境を反映していないため、部分的には、従来の2次元（2D）細胞培養法を用いて挑戦されています。培養物（ 例えば 、Boydenチャンバーアッセイ）に細胞外マトリックス成分を組み込んだ別のアプローチは、生体内の組織環境の複数の生理的に代表的なものです。しかしながら、それらは個々の細胞の挙動の評価に限定することができ、組織または腫瘍増殖1、2、3に寄与する細胞-マトリックス及び細胞-細胞間相互作用のインビボでの組み合わせで複合体を再現しません。 多細胞スフェロイドの使用は、より正確にin vivoでの細胞増殖1のコンパクトなアーキテクチャを再現最近のアプローチであります4。スフェロイドは、正常細胞の細胞-マトリックス相互作用を調査するために使用することができるだけでなく、転移性増殖または薬剤耐性4のように、腫瘍進行の特性をモデル化するために、腫瘍の類似体として作用することができます。 スフェロイドは、単一細胞クラスター（ 例えば 、懸滴、遠心分離法）6,7を形成するために、複数の細胞の凝集を促進することにより、より迅速マトリックス5内に埋め込まれた単一細胞の増殖により形成された、又はされてもよいです。既存の細胞凝集技術は、高価な材料や特殊な装置を必要とし得ます。加えて、これらのスフェロイドは、サイズ及び形態の広い範囲を有し、成長条件または困難な処置間の比較を行う、大量に製造することが困難であってもよいです。最後に、これらの方法によって生成されたスフェロイドは、タンパク質extracelから単離することは困難ですそれらは、他のアプリケーションで使用するために埋め込まれたlularマトリックス。 ここでは、市販のU底細胞撥プレートと不活性接着促進マトリックス、メチルセルロースを使用して、一貫サイズのスフェロイドの急速な形成のための堅牢かつ容易に修正細胞凝集方法を説明します。一旦形成されると、これらの多細胞スフェロイドを容易に広範囲の用途での使用のために単離されます。プロトコルはまた、容易に他の細胞プロセスを評価するために使用され得る細胞増殖を介してスフェロイドを生成するように適合されています。ここでは、これらの二つの異なる回転楕円体形成プロトコルのアプリケーション例として、免疫蛍光染色によって定量し、細胞浸潤アッセイ、およびアノイキスアッセイを示します。

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Buffers&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10x Phosphate buffered saline</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific&amp;nbsp;</td><td>AM9625</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Calcium Chloride Solution</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>21114</td><td>Used for PBS&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; wash buffer; Do not autoclave PBS&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; wash buffer upon addition of calcium chloride</td></tr><tr><td>Magnesium Chloride Solution</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>M1028</td><td>Used for PBS&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; wash buffer; Do not autoclave PBS&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; wash buffer upon addition of magnesium chloride</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;For Spheroid Formation&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>96-well U-bottom Cell-Repellent Plate</td><td>Greiner Bio-One</td><td>650970</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dulbecco&#039;s Modified Eagle&#039;s Medium</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>D5546</td><td>For culturing SH-SY5Y, PANC-1, TPC-1 cell lines</td></tr><tr><td>F12K Medium</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>2112722</td><td>For culturing TT cell line</td></tr><tr><td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>F1051</td><td>Filter prior to use to remove particulate contaminants</td></tr><tr><td>Methyl cellulose</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>M7027</td><td>Prepare in water to 100 mg/mL</td></tr><tr><td>Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>R8758</td><td>For culturing HCT-116, BxPC-3 cell lines</td></tr><tr><td>TrypLE Express</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>12605028</td><td>Dissociation buffer</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;For Invasion Assay&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bovine Type I Collagen</td><td>Corning Incorporated</td><td>354231</td><td>Stock 3.1 mg/mL; Maintain on ice when in use</td></tr><tr><td>DMEM Phenol Red Free Low Glucose&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>11054-20</td><td>Less background fluorescence compared to Phenol Red supplemented medium</td></tr><tr><td>Glial Cell Line Derived Neurotrophic Factor</td><td>Peprotech</td><td>450-10</td><td>Chemoattractant</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;For Immunofluorescence Microscopy&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>#1.5 Coverglass</td><td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td><td>72225-01</td><td>For mounting excised spheroids</td></tr><tr><td>Alexa-Fluor 488 Phalloidin</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>A12379</td><td>Used to stain actin at 1:200</td></tr><tr><td>Bovine Serum Albumin</td><td>Bioshop Canada Incorporated</td><td>ALB001</td><td>Used in BSA blocking buffer</td></tr><tr><td>Dabco 33-LV</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>290734</td><td>Antifade</td></tr><tr><td>Glycerol&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Bioshop Canada Incorporated</td><td>GLY001</td><td>Used in MOWIOL mounting medium</td></tr><tr><td>ImageJ Software</td><td>Freeware, NIH</td><td>-</td><td>Used for image analysis&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Microslides</td><td>VWR International</td><td>48312-024</td><td>For mounting excised spheroids</td></tr><tr><td>MOWIOL 4-88</td><td>EMD-Millipore</td><td>475904</td><td>Used in MOWIOL mounting medium</td></tr><tr><td>Paraformaldehyde&amp;nbsp;</td><td>EMD-Millipore</td><td>PX0055-3</td><td>Used in fixation buffer</td></tr><tr><td>Triton X-100</td><td>Bioshop Canada Incorporated</td><td>TRX777</td><td>Used in permeabilization buffer</td></tr></tbody></table>

an efficient and flexible cell aggregation method for 3d spheroid production

単層細胞培養物は十分に複雑な細胞-細胞及び細胞-マトリックス相互作用に関与する組織のインビボ挙動をモデル化しません。三次元（3D）細胞培養技術は、接着細胞培養物の欠点に対処するために開発され、最近の技術革新です。 インビトロ組織類似体を生成するためのいくつかの技術が開発されてきたが、これらの方法を確立すること、高価、しばしば複雑であり、特殊な装置を必要とし、一般的にのみ、特定の細胞型との互換性により制限されます。ここでは、腫瘍の様々な成長と正常細胞株と互換性のある一貫したサイズの多3Dスフェロイドに細胞を集約するための迅速かつ柔軟なプロトコルを記述します。我々は、足場非依存性スフェロイドの生成を促進し、高度に再現可能な方法で細胞単層の形成を防止するために、血清およびメチルセルロース（MC）の種々の濃度を使用します。 INDIVのための最適条件idual細胞株はスフェロイド形成培地中MCまたは血清濃度を調整することによって達成することができます。生成された3Dスフェロイドは、細胞シグナル伝達または遺伝子発現研究、候補薬物のスクリーニング、またはそのような腫瘍細胞の浸潤および遊走などの細胞プロセスの研究に含めた幅広い用途での使用のために収集することができます。プロトコルはまた、容易に単一細胞からクローンスフェロイドを生成するように適合され、足場非依存性増殖およびアノイキス耐性を評価するために適合させることができます。全体として、我々のプロトコルは、組織の三次元微小環境を再現し、正常細胞および腫瘍細胞のインビボ増殖をモデル化するために、3D細胞スフェロイドを生成し、利用するための簡単に修正する方法を提供します。

我々は、細胞撥プレートとMCを補充したスフェロイド形成媒体を使用して個別のスフェロイドを生成するための柔軟で効率的な方法を説明します。 MCおよび血清の適切な条件の下では、個々の細胞が落ち着くとウェル底への最小限の遵守とスフェロイドを形成するために、ウェルの中央で一緒に接着します。このプロトコルを使用して、スフェロイドは、細胞株の様?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Efficient and Flexible Cell Aggregation Method for 3D Spheroid Production at JoVE.com

An Efficient and Flexible Cell Aggregation Method for 3D Spheroid Production

Here, we describe a rapid and flexible protocol for the formation of 3D cell spheroids through cell aggregation. This is easily adapted to multiple cell types and is suitable for use in a variety of applications including cell migration, invasion, or anoikis assays, and for imaging and quantifying cell-matrix interactions.

3Dスフェロイド生産のための効率的で柔軟な細胞凝集法

Monolayer cell culture does not adequately model the in vivo behavior of tissues, which involves complex cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

23.7K ビュー.  Queen's University Cancer Research Institute. Here, we describe a rapid and flexible protocol for the formation of 3D cell spheroids through cell aggregation. This is easily adapted to multiple cell types and is suitable for use in a variety of applications including cell migration, invasion, or anoikis assays, and for imaging and quantifying cell-matrix interactions. 

ビデオ: An Efficient and Flexible Cell Aggregation Method for 3D Spheroid Production

A Simple Hanging Drop Cell Culture Protocol for Generation of 3D Spheroids

Studies of cell-cell cohesion and cell-substratum adhesion have historically been performed on monolayer cultures adherent to rigid substrates. Cells within a tissue, however, are typically encased within a closely packed tissue mass in which cells establish intimate connections with many near-neighbors and with extracellular matrix components. Accordingly, the chemical milieu and physical forces experienced by cells within a 3D tissue are fundamentally different than those experienced by cells grown in monolayer culture. This has been shown to markedly impact cellular morphology and signaling. Several methods have been devised to generate 3D cell cultures including encapsulation of cells in collagen gels1or in biomaterial scaffolds2. Such methods, while useful, do not recapitulate the intimate direct cell-cell adhesion architecture found in normal tissues. Rather, they more closely approximate culture systems in which single cells are loosely dispersed within a 3D meshwork of ECM products. Here, we describe a simple method in which cells are placed in hanging drop culture and incubated under physiological conditions until they form true 3D spheroids in which cells are in direct contact with each other and with extracellular matrix components. The method requires no specialized equipment and can be adapted to include addition of any biological agent in very small quantities that may be of interest in elucidating effects on cell-cell or cell-ECM interaction. The method can also be used to co-culture two (or more) different cell populations so as to elucidate the role of cell-cell or cell-ECM interactions in specifying spatial relationships between cells. Cell-cell cohesion and cell-ECM adhesion are the cornerstones of studies of embryonic development, tumor-stromal cell interaction in malignant invasion, wound healing, and for applications to tissue engineering. This simple method will provide a means of generating tissue-like cellular aggregates for measurement of biomechanical properties or for molecular and biochemical analysis in a physiologically relevant model.

We describe a simple, rapid method of generating 3D tissue-like spheroids and their potential application to quantify differences in cell-cell interactions.

3D楕円体の生成のための簡単​​なハンギングドロップ細胞培養プロトコル

Studies of cell-cell cohesion and cell-substratum adhesion have historically been performed on monolayer cultures adherent to rigid substrates. Cells ...

生物工学

Generation of Tissue Spheroids via a 3D Printed Stamp-Like Device

Advances in 3D cell culture have developed more physiologically relevant in vitro models, such as tissue spheroids. Cells cultivated as spheroids have more realistic biological responses that resemble the in vivo environment. Due to their advantages, tissue spheroids represent an emerging trend toward superior, more reliable, and more predictive study models with a broad range of biotechnological applicability. However, reproducible platforms that can achieve large-scale production of tissue spheroids have become an unmet need in fully exploring and boosting their potential. Herein, the large-scale production of homogeneous tissue spheroids is reported using a low-cost and time-effective methodology. A 3D printed stamp-like device is developed to generate up to 4,716 spheroids per 6-well plate. The device is fabricated by the stereolithography method using a photocurable resin. The final device is composed of cylindrical micropins, with a height of 1.3 mm and a width of 650 &#181;m. This approach allows the fast generation of homogeneous spheroids and co-cultured spheroids with uniform shape and size and &gt;95% cell viability. Moreover, the stamp-like device is tunable for different sizes of well plates and Petri dishes. It is easily sterilized and can be reused for long periods. The efficient large-scale production of homogeneous tissue spheroids is essential to leverage their translation for multiple areas of industry, such as tissue engineering, drug development, disease modeling, and on-demand personalized medicine.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>3Dプリントされたスタンプ状デバイスによる組織スフェロイドの生成

The present protocol describes a technique to produce tissue spheroids on a large scale cost-effectively using a 3D printed stamp-like device.

3Dプリントされたスタンプ状デバイス による 組織スフェロイドの生成

Advances in 3D cell culture have developed more physiologically relevant in vitro models, such as tissue spheroids. Cells cultivated as spheroids have ...

生化学

Semi-Automated Phenotypic Analysis of Functional 3D Spheroid Cell Cultures

We present a protocol that describes the properties and advantages of using a standalone clinostat incubator for growing, treating, and monitoring 3D cell cultures. The clinostat mimics an environment where cells can assemble as highly reproducible spheroids with low shear forces and active nutrient diffusion. We demonstrate that both cancer and non-cancer hepatocytes (HepG2/C3A and THLE-3 cell lines) require 3 weeks of growth prior to achieving functionalities comparable to liver cells. This protocol highlights the convenience of utilizing incubators for 3D cells with cameras monitoring the cell growth, as snapshots can be taken to count and measure spheroids upon treatment. We describe the comparison of THLE-3 and HepG2/C3A cell lines, showing how non-cancerous cell lines can be grown as well as immortalized cancer cells. We demonstrate and illustrate how proteomics experiments can be conducted from a few spheroids, which can be collected without perturbing cell signaling, i.e., no trypsinization required. We show that proteomics analysis can be used to monitor the typical liver phenotype of respiratory chain metabolism and the production of proteins involved in metal detoxification and describe a semi-automated system to count and measure the spheroid's area. Altogether, the protocol presents a toolbox that comprises a phenotypic characterization via image capture and a proteomics pipeline to experiment on 3D cell culture models.

We present a protocol for growing high-reproducible spheroids and their phenotypic characterization using image capture and proteomics.

機能的3Dスフェロイド細胞培養の半自動表現型解析(英語)

We present a protocol that describes the properties and advantages of using a standalone clinostat incubator for growing, treating, and monitoring 3D cell ...

Lab-on-a-CD Platform for Generating Multicellular Three-dimensional Spheroids

A three-dimensional spheroid cell culture can obtain more useful results in cell experiments because it can better simulate cell microenvironments of the living body than two-dimensional cell culture. In this study, we fabricated an electrical motor-driven lab-on-a-CD (compact disc) platform, called a centrifugal microfluidic-based spheroid (CMS) culture system, to create three-dimensional (3D) cell spheroids implementing high centrifugal force. This device can vary rotation speeds to generate gravity conditions from 1 x g to 521 x g. The CMS system is 6 cm in diameter, has one hundred 400 &#956;m microwells, and is made by molding with polydimethylsiloxane in a polycarbonate mold premade by a computer numerical control machine. A barrier wall at the channel entrance of the CMS system uses centrifugal force to spread cells evenly inside the chip. At the end of the channel, there is a slide region that allows the cells to enter the microwells. As a demonstration, spheroids were generated by monoculture and coculture of human adipose-derived stem cells and human lung fibroblasts under high gravity conditions using the system. The CMS system used a simple operation scheme to produce coculture spheroids of various structures of concentric, Janus, and sandwich. The CMS system will be useful in cell biology and tissue engineering studies that require spheroids and organoid culture of single or multiple cell types.

We present a motor-powered centrifugal microfluidic device that can cultivate cell spheroids. Using this device, spheroids of single or multiple cell types could be easily cocultured under high gravity conditions.

多細胞三次元回転楕円体を生成するためのラボオンCDプラットフォーム

A three-dimensional spheroid cell culture can obtain more useful results in cell experiments because it can better simulate cell microenvironments of the ...

Large-Scale, Automated Production of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Spheroids for 3D Bioprinting

Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are a subpopulation of cells found in the stromal vascular fraction of human subcutaneous adipose tissue recognized as a classical source of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. Many studies have been published with ASCs for scaffold-based tissue engineering approaches, which mainly explored the behavior of these cells after their seeding on bioactive scaffolds. However, scaffold-free approaches are emerging to engineer tissues in vitro and in vivo, mainly by using spheroids, to overcome the limitations of scaffold-based approaches.
Spheroids are 3D microtissues formed by the self-assembly process. They can better mimic the architecture and microenvironment of native tissues, mainly due to the magnification of cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions. Recently, spheroids are mainly being explored as disease models, drug screening studies, and building blocks for 3D bioprinting. However, for 3D bioprinting approaches, numerous spheroids, homogeneous in size and shape, are necessary to biofabricate complex tissue and organ models. In addition, when spheroids are produced automatically, there is little chance for microbiological contamination, increasing the reproducibility of the method.
The large-scale production of spheroids is considered the first mandatory step for developing a biofabrication line, which continues in the 3D bioprinting process and finishes in the full maturation of the tissue construct in bioreactors. However, the number of studies that explored the large-scale ASC spheroid production are still scarce, together with the number of studies that used ASC spheroids as building blocks for 3D bioprinting. Therefore, this article aims to show the large-scale production of ASC spheroids using a non-adhesive micromolded hydrogel technique spreading ASC spheroids as building blocks for 3D bioprinting approaches.

Here, we describe the large-scale production of adipose-derived stromal/stem cell (ASC) spheroids using an automated pipetting system to seed the cell suspension, thus ensuring homogeneity of spheroid size and shape. These ASC spheroids can be used as building blocks for 3D bioprinting approaches.

3Dバイオプリンティングのための脂肪由来幹細胞スフェロイドの大規模自動生産

Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are a subpopulation of cells found in the stromal vascular fraction of human subcutaneous adipose tissue ...

3D音響アセンブリデバイスを用いた均一細胞スフェロイドのスケーラブルな生成

Three-Dimensional Acoustic Assembly Device for Mass Manufacturing of Cell Spheroids

Cell spheroids are promising three-dimensional (3D) models that have gained wide applications in many biological fields. This protocol presents a method for manufacturing high-quality and high-throughput cell spheroids using a 3D acoustic assembly device through maneuverable procedures. The acoustic assembly device consists of three lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers, each arranged in the X/Y/Z plane of a square polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) chamber. This configuration enables the generation of a 3D dot-array pattern of levitated acoustic nodes (LANs) when three signals are applied. As a result, cells in the gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) solution can be driven to the LANs, forming uniform cell aggregates in three dimensions. The GelMA solution is then UV-photocured and crosslinked to serve as a scaffold that supports the growth of cell aggregates. Finally, masses of matured spheroids are obtained and retrieved by subsequently dissolving the GelMA scaffolds under mild conditions. The proposed new 3D acoustic cell assembly device will enable the scale-up fabrication of cell spheroids, and even organoids, offering great potential technology in the biological field.

著者スポットライト:高品質3D細胞スフェロイド培養のためのスキャフォールドフリー音響アセンブリ法の開発 

Cell spheroids have been considered one potential model in the field of biological applications. This article describes protocols for scalably generating cell spheroids using a 3D acoustic assembly device, which provides an efficient method for the robust and rapid fabrication of uniform cell spheroids.

細胞スフェロイドの量産のための3次元音響組立装置

Cell spheroids are promising three-dimensional (3D) models that have gained wide applications in many biological fields. This protocol presents a method ...

FLIMベースの代謝および低酸素分析のための多細胞スフェロイド形成

Production and Multi-Parameter Live Cell Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) of Multicellular Spheroids

Multicellular tumor spheroids are a popular 3D tissue microaggregate&#160;model for reproducing tumor microenvironment, testing and optimizing drug therapies&#160;and using bio- and nanosensors in a 3D context. Their ease of production, predictable size, growth, and observed nutrient and metabolite gradients are important to recapitulate the 3D niche-like&#160;cell microenvironment. However, spheroid heterogeneity and variability of their production methods can influence overall cell metabolism, viability, and drug response. This makes it difficult to choose the most appropriate&#160;methodology, considering the requirements in size, variability, needs of biofabrication, and use as in vitro 3D tissue models in stem and cancer cell biology. In particular, spheroid production can influence their compatibility with quantitative live microscopies, such as optical metabolic imaging, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), monitoring of spheroid&#160;hypoxia with nanosensors, or viability. Here, a number of conventional spheroid formation protocols are presented, highlighting their compatibility with the live widefield, confocal, and two-photon microscopies. The follow-up imaging to analysis&#160;pipeline with multiplexed autofluorescence FLIM and, using various types of cancer and stem cell spheroids, is also presented.

著者スポットライト:蛍光寿命イメージング顕微鏡を用いた代謝および酸素化分析のためのスフェロイド形成法の標準化(英語)

Here, we describe different multicellular spheroid formation methods to perform follow-up multi-parameter live cell microscopy. Using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), cellular autofluorescence, staining dyes, and nanoparticles, the approach for analysis of cell metabolism, hypoxia, and cell death in live three-dimensional (3D) cancer and stem cell-derived spheroids is demonstrated.

多細胞スフェロイドの作製およびマルチパラメーター生細胞蛍光寿命イメージング顕微鏡(FLIM)

Multicellular tumor spheroids are a popular 3D tissue microaggregate&#160;model for reproducing tumor microenvironment, testing and optimizing drug ...

3Dスフェロイド生産のための効率的で柔軟な細胞凝集法

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3D楕円体の生成のための簡単なハンギングドロップ細胞培養プロトコル

3Dプリントされたスタンプ状デバイスによる組織スフェロイドの生成

3Dプリントされたスタンプ状デバイスによる組織スフェロイドの生成

機能的3Dスフェロイド細胞培養の半自動表現型解析(英語)

多細胞三次元回転楕円体を生成するためのラボオンCDプラットフォーム

3Dバイオプリンティングのための脂肪由来幹細胞スフェロイドの大規模自動生産

細胞スフェロイドの量産のための3次元音響組立装置

細胞スフェロイドの量産のための3次元音響組立装置

細胞スフェロイドの量産のための3次元音響組立装置

多細胞スフェロイドの作製およびマルチパラメーター生細胞蛍光寿命イメージング顕微鏡(FLIM)

3Dスフェロイド生産のための効率的で柔軟な細胞凝集法

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

3D楕円体の生成のための簡単​​なハンギングドロップ細胞培養プロトコル

3Dプリントされたスタンプ状デバイス による 組織スフェロイドの生成

3Dプリントされたスタンプ状デバイス による 組織スフェロイドの生成

機能的3Dスフェロイド細胞培養の半自動表現型解析(英語)

多細胞三次元回転楕円体を生成するためのラボオンCDプラットフォーム

3Dバイオプリンティングのための脂肪由来幹細胞スフェロイドの大規模自動生産

細胞スフェロイドの量産のための3次元音響組立装置

細胞スフェロイドの量産のための3次元音響組立装置

細胞スフェロイドの量産のための3次元音響組立装置

多細胞スフェロイドの作製およびマルチパラメーター生細胞蛍光寿命イメージング顕微鏡(FLIM)

3D楕円体の生成のための簡単なハンギングドロップ細胞培養プロトコル

3Dプリントされたスタンプ状デバイスによる組織スフェロイドの生成

3Dプリントされたスタンプ状デバイスによる組織スフェロイドの生成