著者はベンジャミン ・ J Weigler、獣医、博士を感謝したいし、彼らの弁護士と同様に、マウスに提供されるウォルト ・ マンデヴィル、優秀な動物向け獣医 (動物資源・ キャンパスに通う獣医、ネバダ大学リノ)外科的処置。

次のプロトコルは機関動物ケアとネバダ大学リノ校動物資源使用委員会 (IACUC) によって承認されているし、研究の動物の使用に関するすべての制度的倫理的なガイドラインに準拠しています。
1. 動物。
<ol><li>20-30 g. 再発胃癌動物資源で一元的な動物施設で実験室マウスのコロニーの家間の重量を量る成熟した (4-6 週古い) c57bl/6 マウスを取得します。</li>
</ol>2. 部分的な閉塞の手術
注: 手術は専用の手術室で行われます。すべての手術器具は、手術前にオートクレーブ。滅菌ガウンと手袋は、すべての回で手術室のすべてのスタッフが着用する必要があります。
<ol><li>手術のマウスのための準備<ol>
<li>酸素の供給を確保するため麻酔の配信システムをチェックし、イソフルランはプロシージャの適切です。供給酸素を入れます。ガス流量計をオンし誘導室で動物の 500-1000 mL/分の場所にそれを調整し、上部をシールします。</li>
		<li>5% にイソフルラン気化器をオンにし、側臥位になるまで動物を監視します。鼻の円錐形に麻酔の配信システムを切り替えます。</li>
		<li>酸素は、任意の残留ガスの誘導部屋をフラッシュし、開いている鼻の円錐形のラインを維持しながら誘導室線をオフにします。</li>
		<li>商工会議所から動物を削除し、動物の目に眼軟膏を慎重に配置します。</li>
		<li>ガスが流れ続けると、予熱した暖かいパッドに鼻の円錐形を配置します。</li>
		<li>100-200 mL/分、2-3% イソフルランと酸素の流れを変更します。動物を移動する場合、gentlyrestrain までに鼻の円錐形の動物完全に麻酔再び。</li>
		<li>呼吸およびプロシージャ中の刺激への応答を監視し、イソフルラン (2-5%) の割合を調整して、必要に応じて。手術を行う前に、動物の anesthetization レベルはつま先ピンチ反射の欠如によって監視されます。</li>
		<li>鎮痛薬 (ブプレノルフィン、体重の 1 μ g/g) を切開部位から腹腔内に注入します。</li>
		<li>きれいな綿棒を使用して腹部にローションを適用します。ローション坐るようにマウスを 3-5 分のため、ガーゼや綿の綿棒を使って髪を削除します。マウスの腹部からすべての髪を削除するまで、この手順を繰り返します。</li>
		<li>70% エタノール ガーゼと綿の綿棒を使って皮膚をきれい。腹部をきれいにする swabsticks またはポビドン ヨードのソリューションを適用します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>部分的な閉塞の手術<ol>
<li>手術エリアの真ん中で開く 2.5 × 2.5 cm 25 × 50 cm 滅菌紙を使用して手術部位をドレープします。開口部と皮膚の境界で滅菌ストリップを配置することによって動物にドレープを保護します。</li>
		<li>縦皮膚だけを切開することを確保し、この時点で musculoperitoneal 層に切断を回避する第 15 刃メスを使用して ~3.0 cm の腹部切開を確認します。</li>
		<li>鉗子、手術用のはさみを使用して、皮膚の musculoperitoneal レイヤーに任意の切開を引き起こすことがなく慎重に musculoperitoneal 層から区切ります。レイヤーには、(約 1 cm × 4 cm) を十分に分離されている、特定、リネア musculoperitoneal 層と白線に沿ってカット 〜 2 cm にアルバ アルバ マイクロ鉗子、はさみを使用して腹腔を公開します。</li>
		<li>慎重に検索し、盲腸を識別します。ゆっくりと優しく、マイクロ鉗子、近位結腸と滅菌ドレープに外盲腸と回腸をもたらすことで腹腔から盲腸を削除します。すぐに 0.9% 滅菌生理食塩水浸したガーゼで腸のティッシュを湿らせ、腹部キャビティの外、彼らすべての回で湿らせた露出した組織を維持します。</li>
		<li>検索し、回腸と結腸の間の腸間膜を識別します。腸間膜のすぐ下、回腸に平行に、切開 (~ 1 cm) をして、血管を切断しないでください。</li>
		<li>オートクレーブのシリコーン リング (長さ、外装の直径を 4 mm、3.5 mm の内部の直径 6 mm) を取る。管を開き、マイクロ鉗子でリング縦カットします。</li>
		<li>腸間膜組織に切開して開かれたリングの一方の端を挿入します。リングに囲まれた回腸と別の接触の 1 つの端を持って来ることによって完成したリング状にリングを返します。</li>
		<li>シリコン リングが回腸を完全に囲まれていることを確認、縫合糸でリングを閉じるし、慎重に腸を腹腔内の空洞に戻る場所します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>外科閉鎖<ol>
<li>単純な実行白線に沿って musculoperitoneal 層に連続縫合吸収性縫合糸巻きアルバ、musculoperitoneal を閉じます。縫合が完了したら、任意の 0.9% 滅菌生理食塩水浸したガーゼで出血をクリーニングします。</li>
		<li>完全に独立したナイロン縫合糸で、傷を閉じるため皮膚に単純な連続縫合を実行します。</li>
		<li>両方の縫合が完了した後は、新しい swabstick またはポビドン ヨードと傷をきれい。</li>
		<li>抗生物質 (ゲンタマイシン、20 ~ 30 g 体重に基づいてマウスあたり 150 μ L) を腹腔内注入します。</li>
		<li>プロシージャが完了イソフルラン気化器をオフにして流れる呼吸する動物を許可するしたらそれまで酸素開始意識を得ています。</li>
		<li>動物は目を覚まし、一度熱をサポート完全に回復するまで別のリカバリ領域に動物を配置します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>3. 術後観察。
<ol><li>手術を終えて、温度・湿度が調整される回復室のインキュベーターに動物を移動します。動物、インキュベーターの中 2 番目の時間最初の 1 時間 30 分に、15 分ごとに術後の動物を監視します。</li>
	<li>所定の観測が完了すると、すぐに彼らの自身の個々 のケージに動物を移動し、痛み18、手術の傷が (合併症の兆候なく適切に治癒ができるように臨床徴候のために毎日監視裂) 存在します。</li>
</ol>

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<li>Chang, I. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Loss+of+interstitial+cells+of+Cajal+and+development+of+electrical+dysfunction+in+murine+small+bowel+obstruction%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Physiol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Loss of interstitial cells of Cajal and development of electrical dysfunction in murine small bowel obstruction.</a> J Physiol. 536 (Pt 2), 555-568 (2001).</li>
<li>Liu, D. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Voltage+dependent+potassium+channel+remodeling+in+murine+intestinal+smooth+muscle+hypertrophy+induced+by+partial+obstruction%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22PLoS+One%22%5BJournal%5D)">Voltage dependent potassium channel remodeling in murine intestinal smooth muscle hypertrophy induced by partial obstruction.</a> PLoS One. 9 (2), e86109(2014).</li>
<li>Guo, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Down-regulation+of+hydrogen+sulfide+biosynthesis+accompanies+murine+interstitial+cells+of+Cajal+dysfunction+in+partial+ileal+obstruction%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22PLoS+One%22%5BJournal%5D)">Down-regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis accompanies murine interstitial cells of Cajal dysfunction in partial ileal obstruction.</a> PLoS One. 7, e48249(2012).</li>
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<li>Bowen, E. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22129371">Duodenal Brunner's glade adenoma causing chronic small intestinal obstruction in a dog.</a> J Small Anim Pract. 53, 136-139 (2012).</li>
<li>Bettini, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Hypertrophy+of+intestinal+smooth+muscle+in+cats%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Res+Vet+Sci%22%5BJournal%5D)">Hypertrophy of intestinal smooth muscle in cats.</a> Res Vet Sci. 75, 43-53 (2003).</li>
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<li>Langford, D. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Coding+of+facial+expressions+of+pain+in+the+laboratory+mouse%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nat+Methods%22%5BJournal%5D)">Coding of facial expressions of pain in the laboratory mouse.</a> Nat Methods. 7, 447-449 (2010).</li>
<li>Terez, S. D., Notari, L., Sun, R., Zhao, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Mechanisms+of+smooth+muscle+responses+to+inflammation%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neurogastroenterol+Motil%22%5BJournal%5D)">Mechanisms of smooth muscle responses to inflammation.</a> Neurogastroenterol Motil. 24, 802-811 (2012).</li>
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</ol>

著者が明らかに何もありません。

模倣する人間の腸閉塞、腸管平滑筋肥大を一貫して再現性をもって腸の PO 手術を受けるマウスに開発を実証しました。腸閉塞の手術は、犬12猫13モルモット11、ラット10マウス7を含むさまざまな動物の開発されています。腸閉塞のマウス モデルは、時間、コスト、サイズ、および他のより大きい動物モ?...

イレウスは、腸1を介して移動から消化された食品・液体・ ガスを防止する小規模または大規模な腸の部分的または完全な閉塞です。、閉塞するため、閉塞はルーメン2を縮小に厚くなる腸壁を誘導します。腸閉塞は腹部癒着組織形成を引き起こす腹部や骨盤内の手術の結果として、または炎症性腸疾患 (クローン病)、憩室炎、ヘルニア、捻転、狭窄など消化管疾患から発生することが腸重積症、便秘、宿便、偽閉塞、癌および腫瘍の3,4,5。これらのケースでのイレウスはしばしば腸6筋肥大に します。
内腔の PO 腸の膨満感を誘発して蠕動運動機能7,8,9,10を続ける必要性への応答で閉塞の周りの平滑筋層の厚さを増加させる 11,12,13。猫13内同様肥大を一貫して開発、犬12、モルモット11ラット10マウス7平滑筋肥大を研究する腸の PO の動物モデルが開発されました、腸管の筋層。
腸 PO のマウス モデルは、生成し、生体内でのイレウスの勉強に最も費用効果的な方法です。小腸障害マウス回腸を囲むために外科シリコーン リングを使用して実行されます。PO マウスは、PO 手術8,15後、筋膜厚 (肥大) の初期 (過形成)、細胞数の増加と増加を示した。SMC は、14肥大条件に応えて平滑筋層内で成長している主なプラスチック製の電池が ICC など他のセルおよび SMC に密接に関連付けられて、また再設定 PDGFRα+セルです。PO マウスが、小腸の肥大を開発について報告した smc が、増殖性が高い7,15,16PDGFRα+細胞に脱分化型します。逆に、ICC は退化、肥大した平滑筋層内腸 obsruction7の開発中に失われました。PO モデルのもう一つの主要な利点は、腸神経系と伝達を行う神経因性の運動パターンの変化を誘導する能力です。主要な伝播マウス小腸の神経因性の運動パターン移行するモータです複雑な (MMC) 神経因性は、ICC や電気的徐波17は必要ありません。PO モデルは、部分的な閉塞で Mmc や腸の神経を改造する方法に明確な洞察力を提供できます。
ここでは、シリコン リングを使用して腸の PO 手術のためマウス プロトコルを提案する.確実に PO 手術を受けるマウス小腸の筋の肥大を生成します。肥大筋肉内 SMC、ICC、PDGFRα+、および神経細胞は劇的に改造しました。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Surgical drape</td><td>Medical and veterinary supplies</td><td>SMS40</td><td>40&amp;rdquo;X100 yards</td></tr><tr><td>Underpad, econ, pro plus</td><td>Medical and veterinary supplies</td><td>MSC281224</td><td>17x24&amp;rdquo;</td></tr><tr><td>Iris scissors</td><td>Braintree scientific, Inc</td><td>SC-i-130</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Iris scissors</td><td>Vantage</td><td>V95-304</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dumont electronic &amp;amp; jeweler tweezers</td><td>Dumont</td><td>98-180-3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Braided absorbable suture</td><td>Covidien polysorb</td><td>SL-5687G</td><td>5-0, polyglactin</td></tr><tr><td>Nylon non-absorbable mono filament</td><td>AD surgical</td><td>S-N618R13</td><td>6-0, nylon</td></tr><tr><td>Surgical blade</td><td>Dynarex</td><td></td><td>No.15</td></tr><tr><td>Needle holder</td><td>Jacobson microvascular</td><td>36-1342TC</td><td>8.5 inch</td></tr><tr><td>Scalpel handle</td><td>Flinn scientific</td><td>AB1049</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microsurgical scissor</td><td>WPI</td><td>503305</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Petrolatum ophthalmic ointment</td><td>Puralube VET</td><td></td><td>3.5 g</td></tr><tr><td>Fluriso (isoflurane)</td><td>Vetone</td><td>V1 502017</td><td>250 ml</td></tr><tr><td>Steri-strip reinforced skin closure</td><td>3M</td><td>R1547</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Surgical gloves</td><td>Medline</td><td>MSG2270</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ear loop face mask</td><td>The safety zone</td><td>RS700</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Avant gauze non-woven sponges</td><td>Caring</td><td>PRM25444</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Surgical cup</td><td>Admiral&amp;nbsp; craft OYC-2</td><td>725-A42</td><td>2.5 oz</td></tr><tr><td>Swabstick</td><td>ChloraPrep</td><td>260103</td><td>2% w/v Chlorhexidine&amp;nbsp; Gluconate (CHG) and 70% v/v Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA)</td></tr><tr><td>Cotton tipped applicator</td><td>Puritan</td><td>806-WC</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Buprenorphine</td><td>Zoo pharm</td><td>BZ8069317</td><td>1 mg/ml</td></tr><tr><td>Gentamycin sulfate</td><td>Vetone</td><td>G-6336-04</td><td>100 mg/ml</td></tr><tr><td>Fast acting gel cream remover</td><td>Veet</td><td>8111002</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Syringe</td><td>AHS</td><td>AH01T2516</td><td>1 ml with needle</td></tr><tr><td>Silicon ring</td><td>VWR</td><td>60985-720</td><td>6 mm in length, 4 mm exterior diameter, 3.5 mm interior diameter</td></tr><tr><td>C57BL/6 mice</td><td>The Jackson Laboratory</td><td></td><td>4-6 weeks old</td></tr></tbody></table>

a mouse model of intestinal partial obstruction

阻害や蠕動運動、腸の障害は、腹部の癒着や腫瘍増殖を含む最も胃腸の (GI) の病気によって引き起こされることができます。メカニズムを改造携帯が関与し、によって引き起こされる、腸の障害はよくわかっていません。腸障害のいくつかの動物モデルが開発されているが、マウス モデルが最もコスト/時間有効。マウス モデルは、それが正しく実行されない場合、高い死亡率を持つ腸部分閉塞 (PO) の外科的移植を使用します。また、PO 外科治療を受けたマウスは適切な封鎖が使用されていないまたはが正しく配置場合肥大を開発する失敗します。ここでは、非常に低い死亡率と信頼性が高く、再現性のある腸障害を生成する PO 手術のための詳しいプロトコルについて述べる。このプロトコルは、小腸で消化運動を部分的にブロックする回腸を囲む外科的に配置されたシリコーン リングを利用しています。部分的な閉塞は、腸の消化運動の停止による拡張になります。腸管の拡張は、徐々 に死を引き起こすそれまで 2 週間にわたって開発をしてリングの口側に平滑筋肥大を誘導します。手術の PO マウス モデル肥厚性腸組織平滑筋細胞 (SMC)、間質細胞のカハール (ICC) PDGFRα+を含む消化管細胞の病理学的変化を調べる場合に役立ちます体内のモデルを提供し、神経腸閉塞の開発中にセルです。

部分的な閉塞 (PO) 手術 1 ヶ マウス回腸盲括約筋の近くに周りのシリコン リングを配置することによって誘導されました。このリングは、回腸の部分的な閉塞を作成しました。偽オペレーション (SO) 年齢/性別もリングなし行った一致するマウスとこれらのマウスは徴候を示さない PO マウスで見つけられるそれらのよう。マウスはすぐには数時間以内 PO の手術から回?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Mouse Model of Intestinal Partial Obstruction at JoVE.com

A Mouse Model of Intestinal Partial Obstruction

激しい腹痛、吐き気、嘔吐、便の通過を防止するを引き起こすことができる腸の部分的または完全な閉塞に腸内の障害物が。マウスの腸の部分的な obsructions を作成するこの手順は、病理細胞増殖と細胞死腸内の基になるメカニズムを勉強で信頼性の高いです。

腸の部分的な閉塞のマウス モデル

Intestinal obstructions, that impede or block peristaltic movement, can be caused by abdominal adhesions and most gastrointestinal (GI) diseases including ...

a-mouse-model-of-intestinal-partial-obstruction

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

21.1K ビュー.  University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine. 激しい腹痛、吐き気、嘔吐、便の通過を防止するを引き起こすことができる腸の部分的または完全な閉塞に腸内の障害物が。マウスの腸の部分的な obsructions を作成するこの手順は、病理細胞増殖と細胞死腸内の基になるメカニズムを勉強で信頼性の高いです。

ビデオ: A Mouse Model of Intestinal Partial Obstruction

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Motility and Gut Wall Inflammation in Rodents: Analyses in a Standardized Model of Intestinal Manipulation

Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract is a common reason for a variety of human diseases. Animal research models are critical in investigating the complex cellular and molecular of intestinal pathology. Although the tunica mucosa is often the organ of interest in many inflammatory diseases, recent works demonstrated that the muscularis externa (ME) is also a highly immunocompetent organ that harbours a dense network of resident immunocytes.1,2 These works were performed within the standardized model of intestinal manipulation (IM) that leads to inflammation of the bowel wall, mainly limited to the ME. Clinically this inflammation leads to prolonged intestinal dysmotility, known as postoperative ileus (POI) which is a frequent and unavoidable complication after abdominal surgery.3 The inflammation is characterized by liberation of proinflammatory mediators such as IL-64 or IL-1&beta; or inhibitory neurotransmitters like nitric oxide (NO).5 Subsequently, tremendous numbers of immunocytes extravasate into the ME, dominated by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and monocytes and finally maintain POI.2 Lasting for days, this intestinal paralysis leads to an increased risk of aspiration, bacterial translocation and infectious complications up to sepsis and multi organ failure and causes a high economic burden.6
In this manuscript we demonstrate the standardized model of IM and in vivo assessment of gastrointestinal transit (GIT) and colonic transit. Furthermore we demonstrate a method for separation of the ME from the tunica mucosa followed by immunological analysis, which is crucial to distinguish between the inflammatory responses in these both highly immunoactive bowel wall compartments. All analyses are easily transferable to any other research models, affecting gastrointestinal function.

Postoperative ileus (POI) is a complication of abdominal surgery leading to increased morbidity and a prolonged hospital stay. Because prophylactic or therapeutic strategies are lacking intensified research is necessary. Therefore we established a standardized and feasible mouse model to investigate the pathophysiology of POI and to study potential therapeutic options.

げっ歯類における腸運動と腸壁の炎症の機能評価：腸管操作の標準化されたモデルで分析

Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract is a common reason for a variety of human diseases. Animal research models are critical in investigating the ...

医学

Modeling Colitis-Associated Cancer with Azoxymethane (AOM) and Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)

Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) over healthy individuals. This risk is proportional to the duration and extent of disease, with a cumulative incidence as high as 30% in individuals with longstanding UC with widespread colonic involvement.1 Colonic dysplasia in IBD and colitis associated cancer (CAC) are believed to develop as a result of repeated cycles of epithelial cell injury and repair while these cells are bathed in a chronic inflammatory cytokine milieu.2 While spontaneous and colitis-associated cancers share the quality of being adenocarcinomas, the sequence of underlying molecular events is believed to be different.3 This distinction argues the need for specific animal models of CAC.
Several mouse models currently exist for the study of CAC. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), an agent with direct toxic effects on the colonic epithelium, can be administered in drinking water to mice in multiple cycles to create a chronic inflammatory state. With sufficient duration, some of these mice will develop tumors.4 Tumor development is hastened in this model if administered in a pro-carcinogenic setting. These include mice with genetic mutations in tumorigenesis pathways (APC, p53, Msh2), as well as mice pre-treated with genotoxic agents (azoxymethane [AOM], 1,2-dimethylhydrazine [DMH]).5 
The combination of DSS with AOM as a model for colitis associated cancer has gained popularity for its reproducibility, potency, low price, and ease of use. Though they have a shared mechanism, AOM has been found to be more potent and stable in solution than DMH. While tumor development in other models generally requires several months, mice injected with AOM and subsequently treated with DSS develop adequate tumors in as little as 7-10 weeks.6, 7 Finally, AOM and DSS can be administered to mice of any genetic background (knock out, transgenic, etc.) without cross-breeding to a specific tumorigenic strain. Here, we demonstrate a protocol for inflammation-driven colonic tumorigenesis in mice utilizing a single injection of AOM followed by three seven-day cycles of DSS over a 10 week period. This model induces tumors with histological and molecular changes closely resembling those occurring in human CAC and provides a highly valuable model for the study of oncogenesis and chemoprevention in this disease.8

Modeling Colitis-Associated Cancer with Azoxymethane AOM and Dextran Sulfate Sodium DSS

We demonstrate a protocol in which administration of the genotoxic agent azoxymethane (AOM) followed by three cycles of the pro-inflammatory agent dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) rapidly and consistently generates colon tumors in mice with morphologic and molecular similarities to those seen in human colitis-associated cancer.

アゾキシメタン（AOM）とデキストラン硫酸ナトリウム（DSS）によるモデリング大腸炎関連癌

Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) are at increased risk of developing colorectal ...

Murine Model of Intestinal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury

Intestinal ischemia is a life-threatening condition associated with a broad range of clinical conditions including atherosclerosis, thrombosis, hypotension, necrotizing enterocolitis, bowel transplantation, trauma and chronic inflammation. Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a consequence of acute mesenteric ischemia, caused by inadequate blood flow through the mesenteric vessels, resulting in intestinal damage. Reperfusion following ischemia can further exacerbate damage of the intestine. The mechanisms of IR injury are complex and poorly understood. Therefore, experimental small animal models are critical for understanding the pathophysiology of IR injury and the development of novel therapies.
Here we describe a mouse model of acute intestinal IR injury that provides reproducible injury of the small intestine without mortality. This is achieved by inducing ischemia in the region of the distal ileum by temporally occluding the peripheral and terminal collateral branches of the superior mesenteric artery for 60 min using microvascular clips. Reperfusion for 1 hr, or 2 hr after injury results in reproducible injury of the intestine examined by histological analysis. Proper position of the microvascular clips is critical for the procedure. Therefore the video clip provides a detailed visual step-by-step description of this technique. This model of intestinal IR injury can be utilized to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of injury and regeneration.

Here we describe the detailed procedure of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in mice which results in reproducible injury without mortality to encourage the standardization of this technique across the field. This model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury can be utilized to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of injury and regeneration.

腸管虚血 - 再灌流傷害のマウスモデル

Intestinal ischemia is a life-threatening condition associated with a broad range of clinical conditions including atherosclerosis, thrombosis, ...

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Permeability and Neutrophil Transepithelial Migration in Mice using a Standardized Intestinal Loop Model

The intestinal mucosa is lined by a single layer of epithelial cells that forms a dynamic barrier allowing paracellular transport of nutrients and water while preventing passage of luminal bacteria and exogenous substances. A breach of this layer results in increased permeability to luminal contents and recruitment of immune cells, both of which are hallmarks of pathologic states in the gut including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 
Mechanisms regulating epithelial barrier function and transepithelial migration (TEpM) of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are incompletely understood due to the lack of experimental in vivo methods allowing quantitative analyses. Here, we describe a robust murine experimental model that employs an exteriorized intestinal segment of either ileum or proximal colon. The exteriorized intestinal loop (iLoop) is fully vascularized and offers physiological advantages over ex vivo chamber-based approaches commonly used to study permeability and PMN migration across epithelial cell monolayers.
We demonstrate two applications of this model in detail: (1) quantitative measurement of intestinal permeability through detection of fluorescence-labeled dextrans in serum after intraluminal injection, (2) quantitative assessment of migrated PMN across the intestinal epithelium into the gut lumen after intraluminal introduction of chemoattractants. We demonstrate feasibility of this model and provide results utilizing the iLoop in mice lacking the epithelial tight junction-associated protein JAM-A compared to controls. JAM-A has been shown to regulate epithelial barrier function as well as PMN TEpM during inflammatory responses. Our results using the iLoop confirm previous studies and highlight the importance of JAM-A in regulation of intestinal permeability and PMN TEpM in vivo during homeostasis and disease. 
The iLoop model provides a highly standardized method for reproducible in vivo studies of intestinal homeostasis and inflammation and will significantly enhance understanding of intestinal barrier function and mucosal inflammation in diseases such as IBD.

Dysregulated intestinal epithelial barrier function and immune responses are hallmarks of inflammatory bowel disease that remain poorly investigated due to a lack of physiological models. Here, we describe a mouse intestinal loop model that employs a well-vascularized and exteriorized bowel segment to study mucosal permeability and leukocyte recruitment in vivo.

標準化腸ループモデルを用いたマウスにおける腸透過性と好中球経上皮移動の機能評価

The intestinal mucosa is lined by a single layer of epithelial cells that forms a dynamic barrier allowing paracellular transport of nutrients and water ...

免疫・感染学

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>腸管操作による術後イレウス研究のためのマウスモデル

Postoperative Ileus Murine Model

Most patients experience postoperative ileus (POI) after surgery, which is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization time. POI is a consequence of mechanical damage during surgery, resulting in disruption of motility in the gastrointestinal tract. The mechanisms of POI are related to aberrant neuronal sensitivity, impaired epithelial barrier function, and increased local inflammation. However, the details remain enigmatic. Therefore, experimental murine models are crucial for elucidating the pathophysiology and mechanism of POI injury and for the development of novel therapies.
Here, we introduce a murine model of POI generated via intestinal manipulation (IM) that is similar to clinical surgery; this is achieved by mechanical damage to the small intestine by massaging the abdomen 1-3 times with a cotton swab. IM delayed gastrointestinal transit 24 h after surgery, as assessed by FITC-dextran gavage and fluorescence detection of the segmental digestive tract. Moreover, tissue swelling of the submucosa and immune cell infiltration were investigated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and flow cytometry. Proper pressure of the IM and a hyperemic effect on the intestine are critical for the procedure. This murine model of POI can be utilized to study the mechanisms of intestinal damage and recovery after abdominal surgery.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>術後イレウスマウスモデル

We describe a murine model of postoperative ileus generated via intestinal manipulation. Gastrointestinal transit function, pathologic changes, and immune cell activation were assessed 24 h after surgery.

術後イレウスマウスモデル

Most patients experience postoperative ileus (POI) after surgery, which is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization time. POI ...

Single-Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Bypass with Sleeve Gastrectomy Model in Mice

Obesity is a major health issue worldwide. As a response, bariatric surgeries have emerged to treat obesity and its related comorbidities (e.g., diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cardiovascular events, and cancers) through restrictive and malabsorptive mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms by which these procedures allow such improvements often require their transposition into animals, especially in mice, because of the ease of generating genetically modified animals. Recently, the single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) has emerged as a procedure that uses both restrictive and malabsorptive effects, which is being used as an alternative to gastric bypass in case of major obesity. Thus far, this procedure has been associated with strong metabolic improvements, which has led to a marked increase in its use in daily clinical practice. However, the mechanisms underlying these metabolic effects have been poorly studied as a result of a lack of animal models. In this article, we present a reliable and reproducible model of SADI-S in mice, with a special focus on perioperative management. The description and use of this new rodent model will be helpful for the scientific community to better understand the molecular, metabolic, and structural changes induced by the SADI-S and to better define the surgical indications for clinical practice.

Single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass (SADI-S) is an emerging bariatric procedure with important metabolic effects. In this article, we present a reliable and reproducible model of SADI-S in mice.

マウスにおけるスリーブ状胃切除モデルを用いた単一吻合十二指腸回腸バイパス術

Obesity is a major health issue worldwide. As a response, bariatric surgeries have emerged to treat obesity and its related comorbidities (e.g., diabetes ...

Rodent Model of Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Occlusion of the Superior Mesenteric Artery

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is associated with a myriad of conditions in both veterinary and human medicine. Intestinal IRI conditions, such as gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV), mesenteric torsion, and colic, are observed in animals such as dogs and horses. An initial interruption of blood flow causes tissues to become ischemic. Although necessary to salvage viable tissue, subsequent reperfusion can induce further injury. The main mechanism responsible for IRI is free radical formation upon reperfusion and reintroduction of oxygen into damaged tissue, but there are many other components involved. The resulting local and systemic effects often impart a poor prognosis. 
Intestinal IRI has been the subject of extensive research over the past 50 years. An in vivo rodent model in which the base of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) is temporarily ligated is currently the most common method used to study intestinal IRI. Here, we describe a model of intestinal IRI utilizing isoflurane anesthesia in 21% O2 medical air that yields reproducible injury, as demonstrated by consistent histopathology of the small intestines. Tissue injury was also assessed in the colon, liver, and kidneys.

We describe how to generate a widely used surgical model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rodents. The procedure involves occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery followed by the restoration of blood flow. This model is useful for studies investigating occlusive causes of intestinal IRI in both veterinary and human medicine.

上腸間膜動脈閉塞による腸虚血再灌流傷害のげっ歯類モデル

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is associated with a myriad of conditions in both veterinary and human medicine. Intestinal IRI conditions, ...

Murine Ileal Resection Model: Studying Ileectomy-Induced Bile Metabolism in Murine Model

Source: Zhang, R., et al. <a href="https://www.jove.com/v/55728"> Ileectomy-induced Bile Overaccumulation in Mouse Intestine.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2017)
This video describes the detailed protocol for intestinal resection in a murine model. This technique provides insights into ileectomy-induced bile malabsorption, overaccumulation, and toxicity in the mouse intestine.

マウス回腸切除モデル:マウスモデルにおける回腸切除術誘発性胆汁代謝の研究

Source: Zhang, R., et al.  Ileectomy-induced Bile Overaccumulation in Mouse Intestine. J. Vis. Exp. (2017)
This video describes the detailed protocol for ...

腸の部分的な閉塞のマウスモデル

要約

さらに動画を探す

げっ歯類における腸運動と腸壁の炎症の機能評価：腸管操作の標準化されたモデルで分析

アゾキシメタン（AOM）とデキストラン硫酸ナトリウム（DSS）によるモデリング大腸炎関連癌

腸管虚血 - 再灌流傷害のマウスモデル

標準化腸ループモデルを用いたマウスにおける腸透過性と好中球経上皮移動の機能評価

術後イレウスマウスモデル

術後イレウスマウスモデル

術後イレウスマウスモデル

マウスにおけるスリーブ状胃切除モデルを用いた単一吻合十二指腸回腸バイパス術

上腸間膜動脈閉塞による腸虚血再灌流傷害のげっ歯類モデル

マウス回腸切除モデル:マウスモデルにおける回腸切除術誘発性胆汁代謝の研究

腸の部分的な閉塞のマウス モデル

要約

さらに動画を探す

げっ歯類における腸運動と腸壁の炎症の機能評価：腸管操作の標準化されたモデルで分析

アゾキシメタン（AOM）とデキストラン硫酸ナトリウム（DSS）によるモデリング大腸炎関連癌

腸管虚血 - 再灌流傷害のマウスモデル

標準化腸ループモデルを用いたマウスにおける腸透過性と好中球経上皮移動の機能評価

術後イレウスマウスモデル

術後イレウスマウスモデル

術後イレウスマウスモデル

マウスにおけるスリーブ状胃切除モデルを用いた単一吻合十二指腸回腸バイパス術

上腸間膜動脈閉塞による腸虚血再灌流傷害のげっ歯類モデル

マウス回腸切除モデル:マウスモデルにおける回腸切除術誘発性胆汁代謝の研究

腸の部分的な閉塞のマウスモデル