This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82130012 and 81830010) and the Nurture projects for basic research of Shanghai Chest Hospital (Grant Number: 2022YNJCQ03).

The animal protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Shanghai Chest Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (approval number: KS23010) and were in compliance with relevant ethical regulations. Male and female C57BL/6 mice aged 4-8 weeks are to be preferred for this experiment.
1. Preparation of surgical tools, buffers, and culture media
<ol>
	<li>Autoclave surgical tools (e.g., surgical scissors and standard...

Culturing Preadipocytes Isolated from Murine Perivascular Adipose Tissue

<ol>
	<li>Akoumianakis, I., Antoniades, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+interplay+between+adipose+tissue+and+the+cardiovascular+system:+is+fat+always+bad.">The interplay between adipose tissue and the cardiovascular system: is fat always bad.</a> Cardiovascular Research. 113 (9), 999-1008 (2017).</li><li>Huang, C. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thoracic+perivascular+adipose+tissue+inhibits+VSMC+apoptosis+and+aortic+aneurysm+formation+in+mice+via+the+secretome+of+browning+adipocytes.">Thoracic perivascular adipose tissue inhibits VSMC apoptosis and aortic aneurysm formation in mice via the secretome of browning adipocytes.</a> Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 44 (2), 345-355 (2023).</li><li>Xia, N., Li, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+perivascular+adipose+tissue+in+obesity-induced+vascular+dysfunction.">The role of perivascular adipose tissue in obesity-induced vascular dysfunction.</a> British Journal of Pharmacology. 174 (20), 3425-3442 (2017).</li><li>Brown, N. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Perivascular+adipose+tissue+in+vascular+function+and+disease:+a+review+of+current+research+and+animal+models.">Perivascular adipose tissue in vascular function and disease: a review of current research and animal models.</a> Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 34 (8), 1621-1630 (2014).</li><li>Ferrero, R., Rainer, P., Deplancke, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toward+a+consensus+view+of+mammalian+adipocyte+stem+and+progenitor+cell+heterogeneity.">Toward a consensus view of mammalian adipocyte stem and progenitor cell heterogeneity.</a> Trends in Cell Biology. 30 (12), 937-950 (2020).</li><li>Angueira, A. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Defining+the+lineage+of+thermogenic+perivascular+adipose+tissue.">Defining the lineage of thermogenic perivascular adipose tissue.</a> Nature Metabolism. 3 (4), 469-484 (2021).</li><li>Boucher, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rab27a+regulates+human+perivascular+adipose+progenitor+cell+differentiation.">Rab27a regulates human perivascular adipose progenitor cell differentiation.</a> Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy. 32 (5), 519-530 (2018).</li><li>Saxton, S. N., Withers, S. B., Heagerty, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Emerging+roles+of+sympathetic+nerves+and+inflammation+in+perivascular+adipose+tissue.">Emerging roles of sympathetic nerves and inflammation in perivascular adipose tissue.</a> Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy. 33 (2), 245-259 (2019).</li><li>Ferroni, L., De Francesco, F., Pinton, P., Gardin, C., Zavan, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methods+to+isolate+adipose+tissue-derived+stem+cells.">Methods to isolate adipose tissue-derived stem cells.</a> Methods in Cell Biology. 171, 215-228 (2022).</li><li>Senesi, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+and+enzymatic+procedures+to+isolate+the+stromal+vascular+fraction+from+adipose+tissue:+preliminary+results.">Mechanical and enzymatic procedures to isolate the stromal vascular fraction from adipose tissue: preliminary results.</a> Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 7, 88 (2019).</li><li>Andia, I., Maffulli, N., Burgos-Alonso, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stromal+vascular+fraction+technologies+and+clinical+applications.">Stromal vascular fraction technologies and clinical applications.</a> Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy. 19 (12), 1289-1305 (2019).</li><li>Suh, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adipose-derived+cellular+and+cell-derived+regenerative+therapies+in+dermatology+and+aesthetic+rejuvenation.">Adipose-derived cellular and cell-derived regenerative therapies in dermatology and aesthetic rejuvenation.</a> Ageing Research Reviews. 54, 100933 (2019).</li><li>Bellei, B., Migliano, E., Picardo, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Therapeutic+potential+of+adipose+tissue-derivatives+in+modern+dermatology.">Therapeutic potential of adipose tissue-derivatives in modern dermatology.</a> Experimental Dermatology. 31 (12), 1837-1852 (2022).</li><li>Kraus, N. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+assessment+of+adipocyte+differentiation+in+cell+culture.">Quantitative assessment of adipocyte differentiation in cell culture.</a> Adipocyte. 5 (4), 351-358 (2016).</li><li>Figueroa, A. M., Stolzenbach, F., Tapia, P., Cort&#233;s, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiation+and+imaging+of+brown+adipocytes+from+the+stromal+vascular+fraction+of+interscapular+adipose+tissue+from+newborn+mice.">Differentiation and imaging of brown adipocytes from the stromal vascular fraction of interscapular adipose tissue from newborn mice.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE. (192), (2023).</li><li>Ma, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methotrexate+improves+perivascular+adipose+tissue/endothelial+dysfunction+via+activation+of+AMPK/eNOS+pathway.">Methotrexate improves perivascular adipose tissue/endothelial dysfunction via activation of AMPK/eNOS pathway.</a> Molecular Medicine Reports. 15 (4), 2353-2359 (2017).</li><li>Li, X., Ballantyne, L. L., Yu, Y., Funk, C. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Perivascular+adipose+tissue-derived+extracellular+vesicle+miR-221-3p+mediates+vascular+remodeling.">Perivascular adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicle miR-221-3p mediates vascular remodeling.</a> FASEB Journal. 33 (11), 12704-12722 (2019).</li><li>Ruan, C. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Perivascular+adipose+tissue-derived+complement+3+is+required+for+adventitial+fibroblast+functions+and+adventitial+remodeling+in+deoxycorticosterone+acetate-salt+hypertensive+rats.">Perivascular adipose tissue-derived complement 3 is required for adventitial fibroblast functions and adventitial remodeling in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats.</a> Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 30 (12), 2568-2574 (2010).</li><li>Adachi, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Beiging+of+perivascular+adipose+tissue+regulates+its+inflammation+and+vascular+remodeling.">Beiging of perivascular adipose tissue regulates its inflammation and vascular remodeling.</a> Nature Communications. 13 (1), 5117 (2022).</li><li>Ye, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Developmental+and+functional+characteristics+of+the+thoracic+aorta+perivascular+adipocyte.">Developmental and functional characteristics of the thoracic aorta perivascular adipocyte.</a> Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 76 (4), 777-789 (2019).</li><li>Stanek, A., Bro&#380;yna-Tkaczyk, K., My&#347;li&#324;ski, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+obesity-induced+perivascular+adipose+tissue+(PVAT)+dysfunction+in+vascular+homeostasis.">The role of obesity-induced perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) dysfunction in vascular homeostasis.</a> Nutrients. 13 (11), 3843 (2021).</li><li>Queiroz, M., Sena, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Perivascular+adipose+tissue+in+age-related+vascular+disease.">Perivascular adipose tissue in age-related vascular disease.</a> Ageing Research Reviews. 59, 101040 (2020).</li><li>Fitzgibbons, T. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Similarity+of+mouse+perivascular+and+brown+adipose+tissues+and+their+resistance+to+diet-induced+inflammation.">Similarity of mouse perivascular and brown adipose tissues and their resistance to diet-induced inflammation.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 301 (4), H1425-H1437 (2011).</li><li>Chang, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Loss+of+perivascular+adipose+tissue+on+peroxisome+proliferator-activated+receptor-&#947;+deletion+in+smooth+muscle+cells+impairs+intravascular+thermoregulation+and+enhances+atherosclerosis.">Loss of perivascular adipose tissue on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-&#947; deletion in smooth muscle cells impairs intravascular thermoregulation and enhances atherosclerosis.</a> Circulation. 126 (9), 1067-1078 (2012).</li><li>Piacentini, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome-wide+expression+profiling+unveils+autoimmune+response+signatures+in+the+perivascular+adipose+tissue+of+abdominal+aortic+aneurysm.">Genome-wide expression profiling unveils autoimmune response signatures in the perivascular adipose tissue of abdominal aortic aneurysm.</a> Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 39 (2), 237-249 (2019).</li><li>Wang, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RNA+sequencing+reveals+perivascular+adipose+tissue+plasticity+in+response+to+angiotensin+II.">RNA sequencing reveals perivascular adipose tissue plasticity in response to angiotensin II.</a> Pharmacological Research. 178, 106183 (2022).</li><li>Shi, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ascending+aortic+perivascular+adipose+tissue+inflammation+associates+with+aortic+valve+disease.">Ascending aortic perivascular adipose tissue inflammation associates with aortic valve disease.</a> Journal of Cardiology. 80 (3), 240-248 (2022).</li><li>Fu, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+crest+cells+differentiate+into+brown+adipocytes+and+contribute+to+periaortic+arch+adipose+tissue+formation.">Neural crest cells differentiate into brown adipocytes and contribute to periaortic arch adipose tissue formation.</a> Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 39 (8), 1629-1644 (2019).</li><li>Gil-Ortega, M., Somoza, B., Huang, Y., Gollasch, M., Fern&#225;ndez-Alfonso, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regional+differences+in+perivascular+adipose+tissue+impacting+vascular+homeostasis.">Regional differences in perivascular adipose tissue impacting vascular homeostasis.</a> Trends in Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism. 26 (7), 367-375 (2015).</li><li>Bar, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+magnetic+resonance+imaging-based+detection+of+heterogeneous+endothelial+response+in+thoracic+and+abdominal+aorta+to+short-term+high-fat+diet+ascribed+to+differences+in+perivascular+adipose+tissue+in+mice.">In vivo magnetic resonance imaging-based detection of heterogeneous endothelial response in thoracic and abdominal aorta to short-term high-fat diet ascribed to differences in perivascular adipose tissue in mice.</a> Journal of the American Heart Association. 9 (21), e016929 (2020).</li></ol>

We propose a practical and feasible approach for the isolation and adipogenic induction of SVF-derived preadipocytes from mouse periaortic adipose tissue. The advantages of this protocol are that it is simple and economical. Adequate numbers of mice are critical for successful isolation, as insufficient tissue can result in low SVF density and poor growth state, ultimately affecting lipogenic efficiency. Additionally, mouse age is an important factor to consider as the adipogenic potential of SVF decreases with age. Rapi...

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), a perivascular structure composed of a mixture of mature adipocytes and a stromal vascular fraction (SVF), is believed to interact with the adjacent vessel wall via its secretome paracrineally1. As a critical regulator of vascular homeostasis, PVAT dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases2,3,4. The SVF of adipocyte tissue consists of several expected cell populations, including endothelial cells, immune cells, mesothelium cells, neuronal cells, and adipose stem and progenitor cells (ASPCs)5,6. It is well known that ASPCs residing in the SVF of adipose tissue can give rise to mature adipocytes5. SVF is inferred to be a critical source of mature adipocytes in PVAT. Several studies have shown that PVAT-SVF can differentiate into mature adipocytes under specific induction conditions6,7,8.
Currently, there are two isolation systems for isolating SVF from adipose tissue, one is enzymatic digestion and the other is non-enzymatic9. Enzymatic methods typically result in a higher yield of nucleated progenitor cells10. To date, the benefits of SVF in promoting vascular regeneration and neovascularization in wound healing, urogenital, and cardiovascular diseases have been widely demonstrated11, especially in dermatology and plastic surgery12,13. However, the clinical application prospects of PVAT-derived SVF have not been well explored, which may be attributed to the lack of a standardized method for the isolation of SVF from PVAT. The objective of this protocol is to establish a standardized approach for the isolation, culture, and adipogenic induction of SVF-derived preadipocytes from mouse PVAT surrounding the thoracic aorta, enabling further investigation of PVAT function. This protocol optimizes tissue processing and cell differentiation techniques for culturing periaortic adipocytes obtained from young mice.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.2 &#956;m syringe filters</td>
			<td>PALL</td>
			<td>4612</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>12-well plate&#160;</td>
			<td>Labselect</td>
			<td>11210</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 mL centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>Labserv</td>
			<td>310109003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3,3&#39;,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T-2877</td>
			<td>1 nM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>Labselect</td>
			<td>CT-002-50A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-adiponectin</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab22554</td>
			<td>1:1,000 working concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-COX IV</td>
			<td>CST</td>
			<td>4850</td>
			<td>1:1,000 working concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-FABP4</td>
			<td>CST</td>
			<td>2120</td>
			<td>1:1,000 working concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-PGC1&#945;</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab191838</td>
			<td>1:1,000 working concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-PPAR&#947;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>MA5-14889</td>
			<td>1:1,000 working concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-UCP1</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab10983</td>
			<td>1:1,000 working concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-&#945;-Actinin</td>
			<td>CST</td>
			<td>6487</td>
			<td>1:1,000 working concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BSA</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>ST023-200g</td>
			<td>1%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C57BL/6 mice aged 4-8 weeks of both sexes</td>
			<td>Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell Strainer 70 &#181;m, nylon</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>352350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagen from calf skin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C8919</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase, Type 1</td>
			<td>Worthington</td>
			<td>LS004196</td>
			<td>1 mg/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dexamethasone</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D1756</td>
			<td>1 &#956;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dispase II</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D4693-1G</td>
			<td>4 mg/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>16000-044</td>
			<td>10%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H4034-25G</td>
			<td>20 mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High glucose DMEM</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30022.01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IBMX&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>I7018</td>
			<td>0.5 mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubator with orbital shaker</td>
			<td>Shanghai longyue Instrument Eruipment Co.,Ltd.</td>
			<td>LYZ-103B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin (cattle)&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>11070-73-8</td>
			<td>1 &#956;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>RWD</td>
			<td>R510-22-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Krebs-Ringer&#39;s Solution</td>
			<td>Pricella&#160;</td>
			<td>PB180347</td>
			<td>protect from light&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microsurgical forceps</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>FS233</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microsurgical scissor</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>FS217</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oil Red O&#160;</td>
			<td>Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>A600395-0050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS (Phosphate-buffered saline)</td>
			<td>Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>B548117-0500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15140122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peroxidase AffiniPure Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L)</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch&#160;</td>
			<td>115-035-146</td>
			<td>1:5,000 working concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peroxidase AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L)</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch&#160;</td>
			<td>111-035-144</td>
			<td>1:5,000 working concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rosiglitazone</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>R2408</td>
			<td>1 &#956;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standard forceps</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>FS225</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical scissor</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>FS001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation, culture, and adipogenic induction of stromal vascular fraction-derived preadipocytes from mouse periaortic adipose tissue

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an adipose tissue depot that surrounds blood vessels and exhibits the phenotypes of white, beige, and brown adipocytes. Recent discoveries have shed light on the central role of PVAT in regulating vascular homeostasis and participating in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. A comprehensive understanding of PVAT properties and regulation is of great importance for the development of future therapies. Primary cultures of periaortic adipocytes are valuable for studying PVAT function and the crosstalk between periaortic adipocytes and vascular cells. This paper presents an economical and feasible protocol for the isolation, culture, and adipogenic induction of stromal vascular fraction-derived preadipocytes from mouse periaortic adipose tissue, which can be useful for modeling adipogenesis or lipogenesis in vitro. The protocol outlines tissue processing and cell differentiation for culturing periaortic adipocytes from young mice. This protocol will provide the technological cornerstone at the bench side for the investigation of PVAT function.

Author Spotlight: The Significance of Isolation, Culture, and Adipogenic Induction of SVF-Derived Preadipocytes from Mouse Perivascular Adipose Tissue 

Isolation, Culture, and Adipogenic Induction of Stromal Vascular Fraction-derived Preadipocytes from Mouse Periaortic Adipose Tissue

We aim to establish a standardized approach for the isolation culture and adipogenic induction of stromal vascular fraction-derived preadipocytes from mass PVAT. This protocol enables us to conduct further investigations into PVAT function and into the communication between periaortic adipocytes and vascular cells in vitro. The main challenges we currently face in our experiments include the restricted of availability of PVAT and the requirements for additional human and the material resources when compared to using immortalized preadipocytes.Our protocol allows for the study of perivascular adipose tissue function and it's relationship with vascular cells. We also offers a basis for studying PVAT ring and genes, and heterogeneity, and provides a platform for exploring the important regulator of PVAT differentiation and the adipogenesis in vitro.

Using this protocol described above, we carefully isolated PVATs surrounding mouse thoracic aortas (Figure 1A-D). After washing and mincing the PVATs into small pieces using sterile scissors (Figure 1E,F), tissue fragments were digested in a digestion solution containing type 1 collagenase (1 mg/mL) and dispase II (4 mg/mL) and incubated at 37 &#176;C on a shaker for 30-45 min (Figure 1G</st...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Significance of Isolation, Culture, and Adipogenic Induction of SVF-Derived Preadipocytes from Mouse Perivascular Adipose Tissue at JoVE.com

Here, we describe the isolation, culture, and adipogenic induction of stromal vascular fraction-derived preadipocytes from mouse periaortic adipose tissue, allowing for the study of perivascular adipose tissue function and its relationship with vascular cells.

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an adipose tissue depot that surrounds blood vessels and exhibits the phenotypes of white, beige, and brown ...

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1.1K ビュー.  Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. 私たちは、大量PVATからの間質血管分画由来前駆脂肪細胞の単離培養と脂肪生成誘導のための標準化されたアプローチを確立することを目指しています。このプロトコルにより、PVAT機能と大動脈周囲脂肪細胞と血管細胞間のコミュニケーションをin vitroでさらに詳しく調べることができます。現在、実験で直面している主な課題には、PVATの利用可能性が限られていること...

ビデオ: 著者スポットライト:マウス血管周囲脂肪組織からのSVF由来前脂肪細胞の単離、培養、および脂肪形成誘導の意義 

Here, we describe the isolation, culture, and adipogenic induction of stromal vascular fraction-derived preadipocytes from mouse periaortic adipose tissue, allowing for the study of perivascular adipose tissue function and its relationship with vascular...

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isolation, culture, and adipogenic induction of neural crest original adipose-derived stem cells from periaortic adipose tissue

Isolation, Culture, and Adipogenic Induction of Neural Crest Original Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Periaortic Adipose Tissue

We present a protocol for the isolation, culture, and adipogenic induction of neural crest derived adipose-derived stem cells (NCADSCs) from the periaortic adipose tissue of Wnt-1 Cre+/-;Rosa26RFP/+ mice. The NCADSCs can be an easily accessible source of ADSCs for modeling adipogenesis or lipogenesis in...

isolation of stromal vascular fraction (svf) from perivascular adipose tissue (pvat)

Isolation of Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) from Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT)  

isolation, expansion, and adipogenic induction of cd34+cd31+ endothelial cells from human omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue

Isolation, Expansion, and Adipogenic Induction of CD34+CD31+ Endothelial Cells from Human Omental and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue

The differentiation of white and beige adipocytes from adipose tissue vascular progenitors bears potential for metabolic improvement in obesity. We describe protocols for a CD34+CD31+ endothelial cell isolation from human fat and for a subsequent in vitro expansion and differentiation into white and beige adipocytes. Several downstream applications are...

isolation and identification of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue of sprague dawley rats

Author Spotlight: Isolation and Identification of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue of Sprague Dawley Rats  

This protocol describes a methodology for isolating and identifying adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from Sprague Dawley rats.

Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Isolation and Characterization

expansion and adipogenesis induction of adipocyte progenitors from perivascular adipose tissue isolated by magnetic activated cell sorting

Expansion and Adipogenesis Induction of Adipocyte Progenitors from Perivascular Adipose Tissue Isolated by Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting

Here we report a method for isolation of Adipocyte Progenitor Cell (APC) populations from Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT) using Magnetic-activated Cell Sorting (MCS). This method allows for an increased isolation of APC per gram of adipose tissue when compared to Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting...

semi-automated isolation of the stromal vascular fraction from murine white adipose tissue using a tissue dissociator

Author Spotlight: Semi-Automated Isolation of the Stromal Vascular Fraction from Murine White Adipose Tissue Using a Tissue Dissociator  

This protocol describes the semi-automated isolation of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from murine adipose tissue to obtain preadipocytes and achieve adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Using a tissue dissociator for collagenase digestion reduces experimental variation and increases...

Semi-Automated Isolation of Murine White Adipose Tissue

dissection and isolation of murine perivascular adipose tissue (pvat)

Dissection and Isolation of Murine Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT)

isolation, in vitro expansion, and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from mouse epididymal adipose tissue

Author Spotlight: Advancing Treatment Approaches with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

The adipose tissue is an excellent source of mesenchymal stem cells. Here, we bring the step-by-step extraction, cultivation, and characterization of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) from Swiss mice epididymal adipose tissue.

Primary Culture of Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cells from Mouse Epididymis

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isolation of adipogenic and fibro-inflammatory stromal cell subpopulations from murine intra-abdominal adipose depots

Isolation of Adipogenic and Fibro-Inflammatory Stromal Cell Subpopulations from Murine Intra-Abdominal Adipose Depots

This protocol describes the technical approach to isolate adipogenic and fibro-inflammatory stromal cell subpopulations from murine intra-abdominal white adipose tissue (WAT) depots by fluorescence-activated cell sorting or immunomagnetic bead...

Isolation and Identification of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue of Sprague Dawley Rats

isolation and differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells from porcine subcutaneous adipose tissues

Isolation and Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Porcine Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues

This protocol describes the isolation of pig adipose-derived stem cells (pADSC) from subcutaneous adipose tissues with examination of multipotency. The multipotent pADSC are used to delineate processes of adipocyte differentiation and study transdifferentiation into multiple cell lineages of mesodermal mesenchyme or further lineages of ectoderm and endoderm for regenerative studies.

encapsulation thermogenic preadipocytes for transplantation into adipose tissue depots

Encapsulation Thermogenic Preadipocytes for Transplantation into Adipose Tissue Depots

Here, we present a protocol for encapsulation of catabolic cells, which consume lipids for heat production in intra-abdominal adipose tissue and increase energy dissipation in obese...

isolation of preadipocytes from broiler chick embryos

Isolation of Preadipocytes from Broiler Chick Embryos

The present protocol describes a simple method for isolating preadipocytes from adipose tissue in broiler embryos. This method enables isolation with high yield, primary culture, and adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes. Oil Red O staining and lipid/DNA stain measured the adipogenic ability of isolated cells induced with differentiation...

isolation of perivascular multipotent precursor cell populations from human cardiac tissue

Isolation of Perivascular Multipotent Precursor Cell Populations from Human Cardiac Tissue

Human cardiac tissue harbours multipotent perivascular precursor cell populations that may be suitable for myocardial regeneration. The technique described here allows for the simultaneous isolation and purification of two multipotent stromal cell populations associated with native blood vessels, i.e. CD146+CD34- pericytes and CD34+CD146- adventitial cells, from the human...

manual isolation of adipose-derived stem cells from human lipoaspirates

Manual Isolation of Adipose-derived Stem Cells from Human Lipoaspirates

In 2001, researchers at UCLA described the isolation of a population of adult stem cells, termed Adipose-derived Stem Cells or ASCs, from adipose tissue. This article outlines the isolation of ASCs from lipoaspirates using a manual, enzymatic digestion protocol using...

isolation of nuclei from human intermuscular adipose tissue and downstream single-nuclei rna sequencing

Author Spotlight: Deciphering the Cellular Mysteries of Intermuscular Adipose Tissue in Humans

The biology of intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is largely unexplored due to the limited accessibility of human tissue. Here, we present a detailed protocol for nuclei isolation and library preparation of frozen human IMAT for single nuclei RNA sequencing to identify the cellular composition of this unique adipose...

Single Cell Nuclei Isolation from IMAT for Studying Gene Expression Profiles 

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isolation and differentiation of primary white and brown preadipocytes from newborn mice

Isolation and Differentiation of Primary White and Brown Preadipocytes from Newborn Mice

This report describes a protocol for the simultaneous isolation of primary brown and white preadipocytes from newborn mice. Isolated cells can be grown in culture and induced to differentiate into fully mature white and brown adipocytes. The method enables genetic, molecular, and functional characterization of primary fat cells in...

Begin by spraying the properly euthanized mouse with 75%alcohol to disinfect the skin. Then place the mouse in a supine position. Lift the skin of the animal's abdominal region, and using surgical scissors, make a small incision in it.Then using the scissors, bluntly separate the skin and abdominal muscles from the pelvis to the neck, along the ventral midline. Expose the heart and lungs by cutting the diaphragm and ribs along both sides of the midline. Next, carefully remove the liver, spleen, bowels, and kidney, avoiding damage to the intestinal wall.Following that, remove the lungs and esophagus. Now gently lift the heart using forceps held in one hand and separate the aorta from the spine with surgical scissors held in the other hand. Then place the heart and aorta in a 60 millimeter petri dish, containing antibiotic supplemented PBS.Retrieve the microsurgical forceps and microsurgical scissors from the alcohol, and rinse them in 25 milliliters of PBS to remove excess alcohol. Working under a stereo microscope, remove the thymus and other tissues from the heart and aorta. Then remove the heart, leaving the aorta with the perivascular adipose tissues or PVATs.Transfer the aorta along with the PVATs to a clean 60 millimeter petri dish containing antibiotic supplemented PBS. Using one pair of microsurgical forceps, hold the aorta, and using another pair, pull off the attached adipose tissues to separate the PVATs from the aorta. Remove as much vascular tissue as possible while causing minimal harm to the PVATs.Finally, transfer the collected PVATs into a two milliliter microcentrifuge tube, containing antibiotic supplemented, high glucose, DMEM, placed on ice.

While working under a class two laminar flow hood, begin by sequentially washing the perivascular adipose tissues or PVATs collected from mice two times. First, using PBS containing 10%penicillin-streptomycin, and, next, using PBS supplemented with 1%penicillin-streptomycin. Transfer the rinsed tissues into a sterile 60-millimeter Petri dish and add 200 microliters of digestion solution to it.Using sterile scissors, mince the tissues into pieces having a dimension of one cubic millimeter. With the help of sterile scissors, cut a plastic pipette tip to broaden its end. Then transfer the minced tissue mix to a 15-milliliter centrifuge tube using the broad-ended pipette tip.Add six milliliters of the digestion solution to the tissues to initiate digestion. After tying the tube horizontally on a rack, incubate it at 37 degrees Celsius in an orbital shaker for 30 to 45 minutes. Every 5 to 10 minutes, remove the tube from the shaker in the incubator and manually shake it up and down vigorously.Pass the digested tissue mix through a 70-micron cell strainer into a 50-milliliter centrifuge tube. Rinse the strainer with an equal volume of culture medium to maximize cell yield and quench digestion. Transfer the filtrate to a new 15-milliliter centrifuge tube.Centrifuge the tube to isolate the stromal vascular fraction or SVF. Invert the tube to discard the supernatant and re-suspend the pellet in five milliliters of PBS. Centrifuge the tube again at 1, 800 G for five minutes before discarding the supernatant.Re-suspend the pellet in an appropriate volume of culture medium. Seed the cells into a collagen-coated 12-well plate and incubate overnight at 37 degrees Celsius in a humid atmosphere with 5%carbon dioxide. On the next day, remove cell debris and red blood cells by aspirating the culture medium and washing the cells with antibiotic-supplemented PBS pre-warmed to 37 degrees Celsius.Finally, add one milliliter of fresh culture medium to each well, and continue culturing the cells until they reach the desired stage of confluency.