ヒト胚性幹細胞のマンガン標識<ol><li>フィーダーフリーで5分間の条件で培養されたヒト胚性の茎をトリプシン処理。培地を加えることによってトリプシンを中和する。 </li><li> 20℃で5分間800rpmで遠心分離によって細胞をスピンダウン摂氏。細胞ペレットを再懸濁させた後、トリパンブルー染色により細胞数をカウント。得られた細胞の数に基づいて、コニカルチューブに3万個の細胞の4つのアリコートにセルを分割します。遠心分離によって再び細胞をペレット化。 </li><li>単にマンガンラベリングを開始する前に、0.1mmの塩化マンガン溶液を作るために0.9％塩化ナトリウム溶液で新鮮な塩化マンガンを溶解する。 </li><li>カルシウムチャネル活性を観察するために、4つのサンプルを調製した。最初のサンプルは、単独で0.9％塩化ナトリウムでインキュベートした細胞を含む私たちのコントロールです。 2番目のサンプルは、0.1mMのMnCl 2をでインキュベートした細胞が含まれています。サンプル3と4は、Ca 2 +チャネルアゴニストの5μMのいずれかと0.1mMのMnCl 2をでインキュベートした細胞、（S )-(-)-ベイK8644、またはCa 2 +チャネル拮抗薬、ベラパミルの250μMが含まれています。 37 4つのサンプルをインキュベート℃で30分間、5％CO 2で摂氏。 </li><li> 30分後、20℃摂氏で5分間800rpmで細胞をスピンダウン。その後、上清を吸引し、PBSで2回標識された細胞を洗う。洗浄後、PCRチューブに200μLのPBSと転送で各ペレットを再懸濁する。これらのペレットは、通常は白です。 </li></ol>ヒト胚性幹細胞の鉄ラベリング<ol><li> 1 mg / mLの原液を得るために蒸留水で臨床グレードの硫酸プロタミンを混ぜる。 </li><li>ヒト胚性幹細胞の培養培地を含むチューブに、12μg/ mLの硫酸プロタミンを加えて100μg/ mlの時ferumoxidesを追加します。 5分間激しくソリューションを混ぜる。 </li><li> ferumoxides 50μg/ mLのとラベルの細胞にプロタミン硫酸塩の6μg/ mLの最終濃度を達成するために細胞培養培地を等量に混合溶液を追加。 12時間このソリューションで細胞をインキュベートする。 </li><li>細胞外ferumoxides -硫酸プロタミン複合体を溶解する10U/mlヘパリンを含む最後の洗浄を、PBSで細胞を2回洗浄する。洗浄後、単一の細胞懸濁液を得るために細胞をトリプシン処理。 </li><li>サンプルの必要数に細胞やアリコートを数える。洗浄後、PCRチューブに200μLのPBSと転送で各ペレットを再懸濁する。これらのペレットは色の濃いオレンジブラウンにする必要があります。 </li></ol>携帯磁気共鳴イメージングの実行<ol><li>細胞ペレットを含むチューブを安定させるために、また、スキャン中に周囲の空気からのアーチファクトを避けるために、ファントムを行います。そのためには、蒸留水に寒天0.8％と硫酸銅の1％を混ぜると5-7分のために電子レンジで沸騰することをもたらす。ゲルを達成するためにスキャンの前に少なくとも1時間この混合物を冷却する。 </li><li>標識細胞ペレットを含むチューブは、スキャン用ファントムに配置されます。試験管内の細胞MRIの臨床膝のコイルを使用してのSigna半二重（HDx）3T MRI（GEメディカルシステムズ）で行われます。 </li><li>スピンエコーシーケンスを使用して3つのサンプルのそれぞれに対してマンガン標識された細胞をスキャンする：TRを、繰り返し時間= 800ミリ秒。 TE、エコーの時間=最小、FOV、視野= 12 × 12センチメートル、マトリクス= 256 × 256、NEX 1。 </li><li>グラディエントエコーシーケンスを使用して鉄標識された細胞をスキャンします。我々は、このイメージングのための次のパラメータを使用します。TR = 100ミリ秒、TE = 10ミリ秒、FA、フリップ角= 30 °、FOV = 12 × 12センチメートル、マトリクス= 256 × 256、NEX 1。 </li></ol> MRI結果の解析<ol><li>マンガン標識細胞の4種類のサンプルからMRIスキャンの画像を分析する。 <ul><li>サンプル＃1は、単独で0.9％塩化ナトリウムでインキュベートした細胞を含む私たちのコントロールです。 </li><li>サンプル＃2は、0.1mMのMnCl 2をでインキュベートした細胞が含まれています。 </li><li>サンプル＃3は、Ca 2 +チャネルアゴニストの5μM、（S )-(-)-ベイK8644と0.1mMのMnCl 2をでインキュベートした細胞が含まれています。 </li><li>サンプル＃4は、Ca 2 +チャネル拮抗薬、ベラパミルの250μMと0.1mMのMnCl 2をでインキュベートした細胞が含まれています。 </li></ul></li><li>予想通り、マンガン標識された細胞からの信号強度の違いが表示されています。マンガンと純粋に標識された細胞と比較して、信号強度は明らかにカルシウムチャネルのアゴニストの存在下で増加し、カルシウムチャンネル拮抗薬の存在下で減少する。信号強度は、マンガン標識された細胞のために増加している領域は、イメージJを（NIH、ベセスダ、MD、米国）を用いて測定されています。同ソフトウェアは、鉄標識された細胞から濃いオフ共鳴信号の領域を分析するために使用されます。鉄で標識された細胞からの暗信号の大きさは、細胞または細胞に含まれる鉄の粒子の数の数によって異なります。このケースで、100万セルは300万セルからの信号に比べて暗い信号の小さな領域を示しています。 </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Bruvold, M., Nordhoy, W., Anthonsen, H. W., Brurok, H., Jynge, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Manganese-calcium+interactions+with+contrast+media+for+cardiac+magnetic+resonance+imaging:+a+study+of+manganese+chloride+supplemented+with+calcium+gluconate+in+isolated+Guinea+pig+hearts.">Manganese-calcium interactions with contrast media for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: a study of manganese chloride supplemented with calcium gluconate in isolated Guinea pig hearts.</a> Invest Radiol. 40, 117-125 (2005).</li><li>Aoki, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+labeling+for+magnetic+resonance+imaging+with+the+T1+agent+manganese+chloride.">Cell labeling for magnetic resonance imaging with the T1 agent manganese chloride.</a> NMR Biomed. 19, 50-59 (2006).</li><li>Arbab, A. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+magnetic+cell+labeling+with+protamine+sulfate+complexed+to+ferumoxides+for+cellular+MRI.">Efficient magnetic cell labeling with protamine sulfate complexed to ferumoxides for cellular MRI.</a> Blood. 104, 1217-1223 (2004).</li><li>Arbab, A. S., Frank, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cellular+MRI+and+its+role+in+stem+cell+therapy.">Cellular MRI and its role in stem cell therapy.</a> Regen Med. 3, 199-215 (2008).</li></ol>

これらの結果は、マンガンはまた、細胞の生存率を示すことができる電位依存性カルシウムチャネル、およびマンガンはMRI造影剤として使用することができる、を経由して入力していないことを示している。したがって、我々はマンガン誘導MRIは心筋にヒト胚性幹細胞の移植後の細胞生存率を監視するために有用であることを示唆している。

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		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Manganese chloride tetrahydrate</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>M8054</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>(S)-(-)-Bay K8644 </td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>B133</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>(+)-Verapamil hydrochloride, minimum 99.0% titration </td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>V4629</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Sodium Chloride 0.85-0.90% W/V</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>VWR</td>
<td>VW 3257-1</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Feridex I.V. </td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Berlex Laboratories</td>
<td>NDC 59338-7035-5</td>
<td>ferumoxides injectable solution 11.2mg iron/mL</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Protamine sulfate</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>American Pharmaceutical Partners</td>
<td>NDC 63323-229-05 </td>
<td>50 mg (10 mg/mL)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Knockout SR (Serum replacement for ES cells)</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Gibco</td>
<td>10828</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>DMEM/F12 (1:1)</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Gibco</td>
<td>11330</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>2- mercaptoethanol 98+%</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>M 3148</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>L-Glutamine 200mM 100x</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Gibco</td>
<td>25030</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Penicillin-Streptomyocin 10,000 units/ml</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Gibco</td>
<td>15140-122</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>MEM Non-Essential Amino Acids 100x solution</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Gibco </td>
<td>11140</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Signa HDx 3T MRI</td>
<td>Tool</td>
<td>GE Medical Systems</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>clinical Knee coil</td>
<td>Tool</td>
<td>GE Medical Systems</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>DPBS</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Gibco</td>
<td>14190</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

in vitro labeling of human embryonic stem cells for magnetic resonance imaging

ヒト胚性幹細胞（ヒトES細胞）負傷した心筋を復元する能力を実証している。磁気共鳴イメージング（MRI）は、負傷した心筋の回復を評価するための主な画像診断法の一つとして浮上している。さらに、このような酸化鉄ナノ粒子などの生体外の標識剤は、追跡するために採用し、移植された幹細胞をローカライズされています。しかし、この方法は、移植細胞の生存率に関する基本的な細胞生物学のプロパティを監視しません。それは、塩化マンガン（MnCl 2を ） は電位依存性カルシウム（Ca 2 +）細胞は生物学的に活性であるチャネルを介して細胞に入ると、T 1短縮の効果を生成する細胞内で蓄積することが知られている。したがって、我々はマンガン誘導MRIは心筋へのhESCの移植後の細胞生存率を監視するために有用であることを示唆している。 このビデオでは、我々は、MnCl 2を 、どのようにそれらの細胞は明らかにin vitroでMRIを用いて見ることができるとヒトES細胞をラベルする方法が表示されます。それと同時に、 カルシウムの生物活性は、+ -チャネル併用信号の変化を評価するためのCa 2 +チャネルのアゴニストおよびアンタゴニストの両方を利用して変調されます。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In vitro Labeling of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Magnetic Resonance Imaging at JoVE.com

In vitro Labeling of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

このビデオでは、我々は、塩化マンガンを持つヒト胚性幹細胞（ヒトES細胞）（MnClラベルの作成方法を示しています<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt;）細胞が生物学的に活性であるときに電位依存性カルシウムチャネルを介して細胞に侵入することができます。さらに、我々は、MnClの使用方法を示して<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt;携帯MRI造影剤として、ヒトES細胞のin vitroでの生存率を決定する。

磁気共鳴イメージングのためのヒト胚性幹細胞のin vitroでラベリングの

Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) have demonstrated the ability to restore the injured myocardium. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as one of ...

in-vitro-labeling-human-embryonic-stem-cells-for-magnetic-resonance

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

10.1K ビュー.  Stanford University. このビデオでは、我々は、塩化マンガンを持つヒト胚性幹細胞（ヒトES細胞）（MnClラベルの作成方法を示しています 2）細胞が生物学的に活性であるときに電位依存性カルシウムチャネルを介して細胞に侵入することができます。さらに、我々は、MnClの使用方法を示して 2携帯MRI造影剤として、ヒトES細胞のin vitroでの生存率を決?...

ビデオ: In vitro Labeling of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Propagation of Human Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells

Propagation of Human Embryonic Stem ES Cells

ヒト胚性幹（ES）細胞の増殖

生物学

Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery

The ability of human embryonic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of 
the body suggests that they hold great promise for both medical applications and as a research 
tool for addressing fundamental questions in development and disease. Here, we provide a 
concise, step-by-step protocol for the derivation of human embryonic stem cells from embryos 
by immunosurgical isolation of the inner cell mass. 


The ability of human embryonic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of 
the body suggests that they hold great promise for both medical applications and as a research 
tool for addressing fundamental questions in development and disease. Here, we provide a 
concise, step-by-step protocol for the derivation of human embryonic stem cells from embryos 
by immunosurgical isolation of the inner cell mass.

免疫手術でヒト胚性幹細胞の導出

The ability of human embryonic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of 
the body suggests that they hold great promise for both ...

Labeling Stem Cells with Fluorescent Dyes for non-invasive Detection with Optical Imaging

Optical imaging (OI) is an easy, fast and inexpensive tool for in vivo monitoring of new stem cell based therapies. The technique is based on ex vivo labeling of stem cells with a fluorescent dye, subsequent intravenous injection of the labeled cells and visualization of their accumulation in specific target organs or pathologies. The presented technique demonstrates how we label human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) by simple incubation with the lipophilic fluorescent dye DiD (C67H103CIN2O3S) and how we label human embryonic stem cells (hESC) with the FDA approved fluorescent dye Indocyanine Green (ICG). The uptake mechanism is via adherence and diffusion of the lypophilic dye across the phospholipid cell membrane bilayer. The labeling efficiency is usually improved if the cells are incubated with the dye in serum-free media as opposed to incubation in serum-containing media. Furthermore, the addition of the transfection agent Protamine Sulfate significantly improves contrast agent uptake.

This video shows techniques for labeling of human embryonic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells with fluorescent dyes. This technique can be used for an in vivo tracking of transplanted stem cells with optical imaging and for histopathological correlations with fluorescence microscopy.

光イメージングによる非侵襲的検出のための蛍光色素で標識幹細胞

Optical imaging (OI) is an easy, fast and inexpensive tool for in vivo monitoring of new stem cell based therapies. The technique is based on ex vivo ...

Probing for Mitochondrial Complex Activity in Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles that have a primary role in cellular metabolism and homeostasis, regulation of the cell signaling network, and programmed cell death. Mitochondria produce ATP, regulate the cytoplasmic redox state and Ca2+ balance, catabolize fatty acids, synthesize heme, nucleotides, steroid hormones, amino acids, and help assemble iron-sulfur clusters in proteins. Mitochondria also have an essential role in heat production. Mutations of the mitochondrial genome cause several types of human disorder. The accumulation of mtDNA mutations correlates with aging and is suspected to have an important role in the development of cancer. Due to their vitally important role in all cell types, the function of mitochondria must also be critical for stem cells. Key advances have been made in our understanding of stem cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation capacity. But the functional activity of stem cells, in particular their energy status, was not yet been studied in detail. Almost nothing is known about the mitochondrial properties of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and their differentiated precursor progeny. One way to understand and evaluate the role of mitochondria in hESC function and developmental potential is to directly measure the activity of mitochondrial respiratory complexes. Here, we describe high resolution clear native gel electrophoresis and subsequent in gel activity visualization as a method for analyzing the five respiratory chain complexes of hESCs.

In this video, we will show you how the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes of human embryonic stem cells can be analyzed using in gel activity assays.

ヒト胚性幹細胞のミトコンドリア複合体活性の状態調査

Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles that have a primary role in cellular metabolism and homeostasis, regulation of the cell signaling network, and ...

In vitro and in vivo Bioluminescence Reporter Gene Imaging of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

The discovery of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has dramatically increased the tools available to medical scientists interested in regenerative medicine. However, direct injection of hESCs, and cells differentiated from hESCs, into living organisms has thus far been hampered by significant cell death, teratoma formation, and host immune rejection. Understanding the in vivo hESC behavior after transplantation requires novel imaging techniques to longitudinally monitor hESC localization, proliferation, and viability. Molecular imaging has given investigators a high-throughput, inexpensive, and sensitive means for tracking in vivo cell proliferation over days, weeks, and even months. This advancement has significantly increased the understanding of the spatio-temporal kinetics of hESC engraftment, proliferation, and teratoma-formation in living subjects.

A major advance in molecular imaging has been the extension of noninvasive reporter gene assays from molecular and cellular biology into in vivo multi-modality imaging platforms. These reporter genes, under control of engineered promoters and enhancers that take advantage of the host cell s transcriptional machinery, are introduced into cells using a variety of vector and non-vector methods. Once in the cell, reporter genes can be transcribed either constitutively or only under specific biological or cellular conditions, depending on the type of promoter used. Transcription and translation of reporter genes into bioactive proteins is then detected with sensitive, noninvasive instrumentation (e.g., CCD cameras) using signal-generating probes such as D-luciferin.

To avoid the need for excitatory light to track stem cells in vivo as is required for fluorescence imaging, bioluminescence reporter gene imaging systems require only an exogenously administered probe to induce light emission. Firefly luciferase, derived from the firefly Photinus pyralis, encodes an enzyme that catalyzes D-luciferin to the optically active metabolite, oxyluciferin. Optical activity can then be monitored with an external CCD camera. Stably transduced cells that carry the reporter construct within their chromosomal DNA will pass the reporter construct DNA to daughter cells, allowing for longitudinal monitoring of hESC survival and proliferation in vivo. Furthermore, because expression of the reporter gene product is required for signal generation, only viable parent and daughter cells will create bioluminescence signal; apoptotic or dead cells will not. 

In this video, the specific materials and methods needed for tracking stem cell proliferation and teratoma formation with bioluminescence imaging will be described.

With the growing interest in stem cell therapies, molecular imaging techniques are ideal for monitoring stem cell behavior after transplantation. Luciferase reporter genes have enabled non-invasive, repetitive assessment of cell survival, location, and proliferation in vivo. This video will demonstrate how to track hESC proliferation in a living mouse.

in vitroおよびヒト胚性幹細胞のin vivoでの生物発光レポーター遺伝子イメージングの

The discovery of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has dramatically increased the tools available to medical scientists interested in regenerative ...

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

The functional and structural complexity of the myriad of cells in metazoan organisms arises from a small number of stem cells. Stem cells are characterized by two fundamental properties: self-renewal and multipotency that allows a stem cell to differentiate into virtually any cell type 1. The progression stem cell to differentiated cell is characterized by loss of multipotency, structural and morphological changes and the hierarchic activity of transcription factors and signaling molecules, whose activities establish and maintain cell-type specific gene expression patterns. At the molecular level, cell differentiation involves dynamic changes of the structure and composition of chromatin and the detection of those dynamic changes can provide valuable insights into the functional features of stem cells and the cell differentiation process 2,3. Chromatin is a highly compacted DNA-protein complex that forms when cells package chromosomal DNA with proteins, mainly histones 4. Stemcellness and cell differentiation has been correlated with the presence of specific arrays of regulatory proteins such as epigenetic factors, histone variants, and transcription factors 2,3,5.
 Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) provides a valuable method to monitor the presence of RNA, proteins, and protein modifications in chromatin 6,7. The comparison of chromatin from different cell types can elucidate dynamic changes in protein-chromatin associations that occur during cell differentiation.
Chromatin immunoprecipitation involves the purification of in vivo cross-linked chromatin. The isolated chromatin is reduced to smaller fragments by enzymatic digestion or mechanical force. Chromatin fragments are precipitated using specific antibodies to target proteins or protein and DNA modifications. The precipitated DNA or RNA is purified and used as a template for PCR or DNA microarray based assays. Prerequisites for a successful ChIP are high quality antibodies to the desired antigen and the availability of chromatin from control cells that do not express the target molecule. ChIP can correlate the presence of proteins, protein and RNA modifications, and RNA with specific target DNA, and depending on the choice of outread tool, detects the association of target molecules at specific target genes or in the context of an entire genome. The comparison of the distribution of proteins in the chromatin of differentiating cells can elucidate the dynamic changes of chromatin composition that coincide with the progression of cells along a cell lineage.

The differentiation of ESC coincides with cell-type specific changes in the structure and composition of chromatin. The detection of those changes provides valuable insights into the mechanisms that define stemcellness and cell differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) represents a valuable method to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying stem cell differentiation.

ヒト胚性幹細胞からクロマチン免疫沈降

The functional and structural complexity of the myriad of cells in metazoan organisms arises from a small number of stem cells. Stem cells are ...

Culture and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells  

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells must be monitored and cared for in order to maintain healthy, undifferentiated cultures. At minimum, the cultures must be  fed  every day by performing a complete medium change to replenish lost nutrients and to keep the cultures free of unwanted differentiation factors. Although a small amount of differentiation is normal and expected in stem cell cultures, the culture should be routinely cleaned up by manually removing, or "picking" differentiated areas. Identifying and removing excess differentiation from hES cell cultures are essential techniques in the maintenance of a healthy population of cells.

Culture and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

This protocol demonstrates how to maintain healthy, undifferentiated human embryonic stem (ES) cells.

ヒト胚性幹細胞の文化とメンテナンス

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells must be monitored and cared for in order to maintain healthy, undifferentiated cultures. At minimum, the cultures must be ...

Chromosomal Spread Preparation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Karyotyping

Although human embryonic stem cells (hESC) have been shown to present a stable diploid karyotype 1, many studies have reported that depending on culture conditions they become prone to acquire chromosomal anomalies such as addition of whole or parts of chromosomes. Indeed, during long-term culture, karyotypic alterations are observed when enzymatic or chemical dissociation are used 2,3,4, while manual dissection of colonies for passaging retains a stable karyotype 5. Besides, changes in the environment such as the removal of feeder cells also seem to compromise the genetic integrity of hESC 3,6. Once chromosomal alterations could affect cellular physiology, the characterization of the genetic integrity of hESC in vitro is crucial considering hESC as an essential tool in embryogenesis studies and drug testing. Furthermore, for future therapeutic purposes chromosomal changes are a real concern as it is frequently associated to carcinogenesis.
Here we show a simple and useful method to obtain high quality chromosome spreads for subsequent analysis of chromosome set by G-banding, FISH, SKY or CGH techniques 7,8. We recommend checking the chromosomal status routinely with intervals of 5 passages in order to monitor the appearance of translocations and aneuploidies
Priscila Britto and Rafaela Sartore contributed equally to the paper.

Karyotyping is a simple and useful technique widely used for detecting genetic alterations. Here we describe a step by step protocol for chromosome spread preparation of human embryonic stem cells for monitoring the chromosomal status of these cells maintained in culture.

染色体分析のためのヒト胚性幹細胞の染色体スプレッドの準備

Although human embryonic stem cells (hESC) have been shown to present a stable diploid karyotype 1, many studies have reported that depending on culture ...

Freezing and Thawing Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Since James Thomson et al developed a technique in 1998 to isolate and grow hES in culture, freezing cells for later use and thawing and expanding cells from a frozen stock have become important procedures performed in routine hES cell culture. Since hES cells are very sensitive to the stresses of freezing and thawing, special care must taken. Here we demonstrate the proper technique for rapidly thawing hES cells from liquid nitrogen stocks, plating them on mouse embryonic feeder cells, and slowly freezing them for long-term storage.

Since James Thomson et al developed a technique in 1998 to isolate and grow hES in culture, freezing cells for later use and thawing and expanding cells from a frozen stock have become important procedures performed in routine hES cell culture. Since hES cells are very sensitive to the stresses of freezing and thawing, special care must taken. Here we demonstrate the proper technique for rapidly thawing hES cells from liquid nitrogen stocks, plating them on mouse embryonic feeder cells, and slowly freezing them for long-term storage.

ヒト胚性幹細胞を凍結融解

Since James Thomson et al developed a technique in 1998 to isolate and grow hES in culture, freezing cells for later use and thawing and expanding cells ...

Video Bioinformatics Analysis of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colony Growth

Because video data are complex and are comprised of many images, mining information from video material is difficult to do without the aid of computer software.  Video bioinformatics is a powerful quantitative approach for extracting spatio-temporal data from video images using computer software to perform dating mining and analysis. In this article, we introduce a video bioinformatics method for quantifying the growth of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) by analyzing time-lapse videos collected in a Nikon BioStation CT incubator equipped with a camera for video imaging. In our experiments, hESC colonies that were attached to Matrigel were filmed for 48 hours in the BioStation CT.  To determine the rate of growth of these colonies, recipes were developed using CL-Quant software which enables users to extract various types of data from video images.  To accurately evaluate colony growth, three recipes were created. The first segmented the image into the colony and background, the second enhanced the image to define colonies throughout the video sequence accurately, and the third measured the number of pixels in the colony over time.  The three recipes were run in sequence on video data collected in a BioStation CT to analyze the rate of growth of individual hESC colonies over 48 hours. To verify the truthfulness of the CL-Quant recipes, the same data were analyzed manually using Adobe Photoshop software. When the data obtained using the CL-Quant recipes and Photoshop were compared, results were virtually identical, indicating the CL-Quant recipes were truthful. The method described here could be applied to any video data to measure growth rates of hESC or other cells that grow in colonies. In addition, other video bioinformatics recipes can be developed in the future for other cell processes such as migration, apoptosis, and cell adhesion.  

Video bioinformatics is the automated processing, analysis, understanding, and data mining of biological spatio-temporal data extracted from microscopic videos. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate a method for measuring human embryonic stem cell colony growth using a video bioinformatics method.

ヒト胚性幹細胞のコロニーの成長のビデオバイオインフォマティクス解析

Because video data are complex and are comprised of many images, mining information from video material is difficult to do without the aid of computer ...