비디오: Tensile Strength and Loss Profile of Resorbable Biomaterials

Tensile Strength of Resorbable Biomaterials

Overview

Source: Peiman Shahbeigi-Roodposhti and Sina Shahbazmohamadi, Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut

For over 4000 years, sutures have been used as a medical intervention. The earliest records indicate linen was the biomaterial of choice. Catgut, which is still in use today, was reportedly used to treat gladiators around 150 AD. Today, there are numerous materials being used for sutures. Sutures are classified by their composition (natural or synthetic) and their absorption (non-resorbable or resorbable).

Resorbable (or absorbable) sutures degrade in the body through either enzymatic degradation or programmed degradation caused by the interaction of water with specific groups in the polymer chain. These sutures are often created from synthetic materials, such as polyglycolic acid, polydioxanone, and polycaprolactone, or natural biomaterials, such as silk. They are usually used for certain internal procedures, like general surgery. Resorbable sutures will hold the wound together for a time frame long enough for healing, but then they eventually disintegrate by the body. On the other hand, non-resorbable sutures do not degrade and must be extracted. They are usually derived from polypropylene, nylon, and stainless-steel. These sutures are usually implemented for orthopedic and cardiac surgery and require a medical professional to remove them at a later date.

Here, the tensile strength of two types of resorbable sutures will be tested after exposing them to neutral, acidic, and alkaline solutions, which correspond to the different pH environments found within the human body. The test will consist of two parts. First, control samples will be prepared and analyzed via tensile testing. Then, samples will be tested after the continuous exposure to solutions of varying pH over the course of several weeks.

Procedure

1. Sample preparation

Create six labels containing the information below, and attach the labels onto screw-top test tubes.
1. Date: month and day
2. Sample type: polyglyconate or polydioxanone
3. Solution type: acidic (A), alkaline (B), or neutral (N) solution with pH ranging between 2-14.
Open the suture packaging and remove the suture. Cut off the needle and discard it into the sharps container.
Cut the suture into 3 pieces that are approximat

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Results

Over the course of five weeks, all treated specimens were tested and analyzed. From the overall trials, the average tensile strengths were calculated using Equation 1:

Equation 1 (1)

The standard deviations of all the forces at failure with respect to suture type and solution

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Application and Summary

In this experiment, the tensile strength of sutures in different pH environments were evaluated. Over five weeks, the tensile strengths of two different types of sutures were explored after exposure to acidic, alkaline, and neutral solutions. The results overwhelmingly indicate that bioabsorbable sutures will degrade over time in any pH environment.

Although the polyglyconate sutures degrade at a faster rate, the remain stronger compared to the polydioxanone sutures. The experimental results a

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References

Wise, Donald L., et al. Encyclopedic Handbook of Biomaterials and Bioengineering. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. 1995. 567-569.
Dattilo, P.P., King, M.W., Cassill, N.L., et al. Medical Textiles: Application of an Absorbable Barbed Bi-directional Surgical Suture. J. Text. & App., Tech. & Mgmt. 2002, 2, 1

1. Sample preparation

Create six labels containing the information below, and attach the labels onto screw-top test tubes.
1. Date: month and day
2. Sample type: polyglyconate or polydioxanone
3. Solution type: acidic (A), alkaline (B), or neutral (N) solution with pH ranging between 2-14.
Open the suture packaging and remove the suture. Cut off the needle and discard it into the sharps container.
Cut the suture into 3 pieces that are approximately 10-12 in long.
Note the color and physical characteristics of the suture.
Use a caliper to measure the diameter of each suture.
Weigh each suture and place one sample into each test tube.
Fill the test tubes labeled "N" with enough deionized water to cover the suture, and then cap the test tubes.
Use a pipette to fill the test tubes labeled "A" with enough 0.001 M HCl solution to cover the suture. Remember to cap the test tubes.
Use a pipette to fill the test tubes labeled "B" with enough 0.001 M NaOH solution to cover the suture. Remember to cap the test tubes.
Place all six test tubes in the metal rack in an oven at 37 ºC.

2. Control Sample Tensile Testing

Obtain a fresh suture, the control sample, and place it in the fixture of the UTM and secure into place.
Prior to initiating tension on the specimen, zero the UTM by pressing the F1 (zero force) and F2 (zero ext) keys. Record the displacement speed setting on the data sheet.
Make sure peak hold is displayed on the UTM display panel.
Start the UTM by pressing the up-arrow key. The force and displacement will start to change on the UTM.
Load the specimen until failure. Then stop the UTM.
Record the peak force from the UTM display.

3. Strength Loss Profile

Remove one of each sample (A, B, & N) from the oven every week for five weeks.
Measure the pH of the solution in the test tube with pH paper.
Rinse the suture with deionized water, and note any physical or color changes to the material in each sample.
If necessary, pat the sample dry with a paper towel.
Weigh each sample and record the new weight
Place the specimen in the grips of the UTM and lock it into place.
Prior to initiating tension on the specimen, zero the UTM by pressing the F1 (zero force) and F2 (zero ext) keys.
Make sure peak hold is displayed on the UTM display panel, and verify that the displacement speed on the UTM is the same as when you tested the control sample.
Load the specimen until failure. Then stop the UTM.
Record the peak force at failure from the UTM display.

건너뛰기...

0:07

Overview

1:10

Principles of Resorbable Biomaterials

3:08

Sample Preparation

4:45

Control Sample Test

5:51

Strength Loss Profile

6:59

Results

8:20

Applications

9:41

Summary

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