이 작품은 국립 안과 연구소 부여 한 R15 EY13649 - 01에 의해와 자연 과학 및 캐나다 공학 연구 협의회 (NSERC)에서 개별 디스커버리 그랜트에 의해 지원되었다. 금속 가공을 위해 및 장치 설계 및 건설에 대한 상담 Deda 길레스피 특별 감사드립니다.

<ol>
	<li>Goldreich, D. &. a. m. p. ;. a. m. p., Kanics, I. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tactile+acuity+is+enhanced+in+blindness.">Tactile acuity is enhanced in blindness.</a> J. Neurosci. 23, 3439-3445 (2003).</li><li>Goldreich, D. &. a. m. p. ;. a. m. p., Kanics, I. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Performance+of+blind+and+sighted+humans+on+a+tactile+grating+detection+task.">Performance of blind and sighted humans on a tactile grating detection task.</a> Percept. Psychophys. 68, 1363-1371 (2006).</li><li>Kontsevich, L. L. &. a. m. p. ;. a. m. p., Tyler, C. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bayesian+adaptive+estimation+of+psychometric+slope+and+threshold.">Bayesian adaptive estimation of psychometric slope and threshold.</a> Vision. Res. 39, 2729-2737 (1999).</li><li>Bleyenheuft, Y., Cols, C., Arnould, C. &. a. m. p. ;. a. m. p., Thonnard, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Age-related+changes+in+tactile+spatial+resolution+from+6+to+16+years.">Age-related changes in tactile spatial resolution from 6 to 16 years.</a> Somatosens. Mot. Res. 23, 83-87 (2006).</li><li>Johnson, K. O. &. a. m. p. ;. a. m. p., Phillips, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tactile+spatial+resolution.+I.+Two-point+discrimination,+gap+detection,+grating+resolution,+and+letter+recognition.">Tactile spatial resolution. I. Two-point discrimination, gap detection, grating resolution, and letter recognition.</a> J. Neurophysiol. 46, 1177-1192 (1981).</li><li>Gibson, G. O. &. a. m. p. ;. a. m. p., Craig, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+force+and+conformance+on+tactile+intensive+and+spatial+sensitivity.">The effect of force and conformance on tactile intensive and spatial sensitivity.</a> Exp. Brain Res. 170, 172-181 (2006).</li><li>Johnson, K. O. &. a. m. p. ;. a. m. p., Phillips, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+rotating+drum+stimulator+for+scanning+embossed+patterns+and+textures+across+the+skin.">A rotating drum stimulator for scanning embossed patterns and textures across the skin.</a> J. Neurosci. Methods. 22, 221-231 (1988).</li><li>Craig, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Grating+orientation+as+a+measure+of+tactile+spatial+acuity.">Grating orientation as a measure of tactile spatial acuity.</a> Somatosens. Mot. Res. 16, 197-206 (1999).</li><li>Killebrew, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+dense+array+stimulator+to+generate+arbitrary+spatio-temporal+tactile+stimuli.">A dense array stimulator to generate arbitrary spatio-temporal tactile stimuli.</a> J. Neurosci. Methods. 161, 62-74 (2007).</li></ol>

공간 구조 기계적 자극의 통제 배달 상용 장비 (컴퓨터 화면, 오디오 스피커)가 사용될 수있는 시각이나 청각 자극의 전달에 직면하지 도전 포즈. 이러한 이유로, 많은 촉각 psychophysics 실험은 여전히​​ 수동으로 자극 전달을 사용 할 수 있습니다. 촉각 자극의 설명서 배달 시간이 소요되며, 조사의 부분에 큰 관심과 집중이 필요합니다. 피부 수직 변형 약 1-2mm 수동으로 응용 프로그램이 사용되었습니다 &quot;라고 예를 들어, Bleyenheuft 외 4.보고 ... 심사관은 피부와 조치를 왜곡 수있는 격자 사이에 전단 응력을 피하기 위해 특히 세심했다. .. &quot; 수동 자극 전달이 비교적 느리고 농도 중심이기 때문에 아마이 방법을 사용하여 많은 연구가 예 / 아니오 (재판 당 하나의 자극) 대신 두 개의 간격 강제 선택 프로토콜보다 고용 없습니다. 불행히도, 훌륭한 치료가 함락되는 경우에도 수동으로 자극 전달은 많은 자극 매개 변수가 통제 단풍. 이러한 매개 변수는 자극 힘, 발병 속도, 기간, 그리고 피부에 자극 표면의 안정성을 포함합니다. 이러한 매개 변수 중, 아마도 최고 자극 강제가 성능에 미치는 영향에 대하여 공부했습니다. 인간 500-1200 미크론 5 압입 깊이의 변화로 손가락에 격자 방향 차별에 진보적인 개선을 보여, 더 이상 개선이 50g과 200g 6 사이의 관찰도 있지만 성능은 50g 강제로 1보다 10g 인력에 좋습니다. 이러한 격자 감지 (홈 붙이 표면에서 부드럽게를 구분)과 같은 다른 응용 프로그램을 위해, 힘 증가가 크게 10~200그램 2,6의 범위에 걸쳐 성능을 향상시킵니다. 수동 테스트와 관련된 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위해, 우리는 자동화 시스템, 도청을 개발했습니다. 건축 도청에서 우리의 목표는 제어 촉각 자극 응용 프로그램을위한 간단한, 안전 다목적, 효율적이며 저렴한 기기를 만드는 것이었다. 중력의 제어 사용 촉각 자극을 적용하는 간단하고 안전한 방법입니다. 피부에 대한 강제 중력에 의한 것이를 초과할 수 없기 때문에 안전이 보장됩니다. 강력한 선형 액추에이터는 피부에 중력의 힘을 전달하기 위해, 다음 연락처를 철회하는 역할을합니다. 이 장치는 반 인치 직경 막대의 끝을 (또는에 첨부)으로 가공하는 자극 표면을 수용하므로 다양한이며, psychophysical 프로토콜의 다양한 실행 프로그래밍할 수 있습니다. 도청 장치는 빠르게 자극을 배포으로 효율적이며, 적응 알고리즘을 절약해 실행할 수 있습니다. 마지막으로, 도청 장치의 구성 요소는 작은 부여 소유자로 저렴합니다. 모터는 약 $ 1,500 비용, 전기 부품 (컴퓨터를 제외한하지만 PCI 보드와 스테퍼 모터 드라이버 포함), 약 $ 6,000 달러에요. 미니 밀링 머신과 액세서리는 약 $ 1,000 구입하실 수 있습니다, 또는 전문적인 기계공은 공장에 자극 조각 고용 및 기타 작은 부품을 만들 수 있습니다. 우리는이 시스템이 다른 복제 될 희망, 그리고 최근 유망 진행 5,7,8,9를 본 제어 촉각 테스트쪽으로 이동을 촉진하기 위해 제공하고 있습니다.

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		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Delrin plastic rods 0.5&#x201D; diameter 3&#x201D; long </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Small Parts</td>
<td>ZRD-08</td>
<td>Rods from which the stimulus pieces are made</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chrome-steel bearing, 0.5" bore diameter</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Small Parts</td>
<td>BR-08-01</td>
<td>Pivot for the rotating rod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Plastic bearing, 0.5&#x201D; bore, 1.125&#x201D; outer diameter, 0.25&#x201D; thick</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Small Parts</td>
<td>BRP-08-01</td>
<td>Wheel at end of rotating rod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Fiberglass curtain, 0.75&#x201D; thick</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>McMaster-Carr</td>
<td>9781T83</td>
<td>Sound absorbing curtain around lower table</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Silicone O-rings 5/16" inside diameter</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>McMaster-Carr</td>
<td>AS568A- 011</td>
<td>To reduce vibration of stimulus pieces</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Anti-Vibration Pads 2"x 2", 93 PSI max </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>McMaster-Carr</td>
<td>60105K61</td>
<td>Put under the linear actuator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Rubber sandwich mounts 1/2" H x 3/8" W </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>McMaster-Carr</td>
<td>9378K11</td>
<td>Put under linear actuator base</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Stepper motor Nema 23, 3-stack </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Industrial Devices</td>
<td>S23</td>
<td>For rotating the stimulus disk</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Linear rodless actuator</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Industrial Devices</td>
<td>R2S23N-105A-18-l-M35M</td>
<td>To control rotating bar movement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1 Hall effect switch &#x201C;normally open&#x201D; config. </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Industrial Devices</td>
<td>RP1</td>
<td>Actuator home sensor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2 Hall effect switches &#x201C;normally closed&#x201D; config. </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Industrial Devices</td>
<td>RP2</td>
<td>Actuator limit sensors</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Micro switch</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Honeywell</td>
<td>FSG15N1A</td>
<td>Finger force sensor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Retro-reflective sensor</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Honeywell</td>
<td>FE7B-RB6VG-M</td>
<td>Piece position sensor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Motor controller board, closed-loop control</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>National Instruments</td>
<td>PCI-step-4CX</td>
<td>Mediates communication between computer and Nudrive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Nudrive stepper motor driver</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>National Instruments</td>
<td>Nudrive 4SX-211</td>
<td>Sends command voltages to the linear actuator and disk stepper motors</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Data acquisition board</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>National Instruments</td>
<td>PCI-MIO-16E-1</td>
<td>Reads finger force sensor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LabVIEW</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>National Instruments</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Programming language</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Valuemotion library</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>National Instruments</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Motor control routines</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Photoelectric sensor</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Panasonic</td>
<td>PM-K53-C1</td>
<td>Disk home sensor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mini milling machine</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sherline</td>
<td>2010-DRO</td>
<td>For machining the stimulus surfaces</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ohaus precision mass set</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Edmund Scientific</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Mass on rotating bar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Parrish Magic Line aluminum cake pan bottom, 9&#x201D; diam.</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sur La Table</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Rotating disk machined with square cut-outs to hold the stimulus pieces</td>
</tr>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

a tactile automated passive-finger stimulator (taps)

촉각 공간 시력 검사는 신경 과학의 연구와 임상 평가 모두에서 사용되고 있지만, 몇 가지 자동 장치가 피부 관리 공간 구조 자극을 제공하는 존재합니다. 따라서 조사는 종종 수동으로 촉각 자극을 적용합니다. 수동 자극 응용 프로그램은, 시간이 소요됩니다 큰 관심과 탐정의 부품에 대한 집중이 필요하고, 많은 자극 매개 변수가 통제 단풍. 우리는 여기서 컴퓨터 제어 촉각 자극 시스템, 발병 속도, 연락처 힘, 및 연락처 기간에 대한 제어, 피부에 공간 구조 자극을 적용 촉각 자동 수동 - 손가락 자극기 (도청 장치)를 설명합니다. 도청 효율적 psychophysical 절차의 다양한 수행 수있는 다재 다능한, 프로그래밍 시스템입니다. 우리는 도청 장치의 구성 요소를 설명하고, 도청 장치가 두 간격 강제 선택 촉각 격자 방향 테스트를 관리하는 데 사용됩니다 방법을 보여줍니다. 해당 저자 : 다니엘 Goldreich

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator TAPS at JoVE.com

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator TAPS

촉각 자동 수동 - 손가락 자극기 (탭) : 우리는 터치의 감각을 조사를위한 컴퓨터 제어 장치를 설명합니다. 우리는 도청 장치의 구성 요소를 설명하고, 도청 장치가 두 간격 강제 선택 촉각 격자 방향 테스트를 관리하는 데 사용됩니다 방법을 보여줍니다.

촉각 자동 수동 - 핑거 자극기 (탭)

Although tactile spatial acuity tests are used in both neuroscience research and clinical assessment, few automated devices exist for delivering ...

a-tactile-automated-passive-finger-stimulator-taps

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator (TAPS)

13.6K 조회수.  Duquesne University. 촉각 자동 수동 - 손가락 자극기 (탭) : 우리는 터치의 감각을 조사를위한 컴퓨터 제어 장치를 설명합니다. 우리는 도청 장치의 구성 요소를 설명하고, 도청 장치가 두 간격 강제 선택 촉각 격자 방향 테스트를 관리하는 데 사용됩니다 방법을 보여줍니다.

비디오: A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator TAPS

Semi-automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis of Small Hearts

We have developed a method for analyzing high speed optical recordings from Drosophila, zebrafish and embryonic mouse hearts (Fink, et. al., 2009). Our Semi-automatic Optical Heartbeat Analysis (SOHA) uses a novel movement detection algorithm that is able to detect cardiac movements associated with individual contractile and relaxation events. The program provides a host of physiologically relevant readouts including systolic and diastolic intervals, heart rate, as well as qualitative and quantitative measures of heartbeat arrhythmicity. The program also calculates heart diameter measurements during both diastole and systole from which fractional shortening and fractional area changes are calculated. Output is provided as a digital file compatible with most spreadsheet programs. Measurements are made for every heartbeat in a record increasing the statistical power of the output. We demonstrate each of the steps where user input is required and show the application of our methodology to the analysis of heart function in all three genetically tractable heart models.

We have developed a Semi-automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis method (SOHA) for analyzing high speed optical recordings from Drosophila, zebrafish and embryonic mouse hearts. We demonstrate the application of our methodology to the analysis of heart function in fruit fly and embryonic mouse hearts.

작은 하트의 세미 - 자동 광학 도면 분석

We have developed a method for analyzing high speed optical recordings from Drosophila, zebrafish and embryonic mouse hearts (Fink, et. al., 2009). Our ...

연구

생물학

Digital Microfluidics for Automated Proteomic Processing

Clinical proteomics has emerged as an important new discipline, promising the discovery of biomarkers that will be useful for early diagnosis and prognosis of disease. While clinical proteomic methods vary widely, a common characteristic is the need for (i) extraction of proteins from extremely heterogeneous fluids (i.e. serum, whole blood, etc.) and (ii) extensive biochemical processing prior to analysis. Here, we report a new digital microfluidics (DMF) based method integrating several processing steps used in clinical proteomics. This includes protein extraction, resolubilization, reduction, alkylation and enzymatic digestion. Digital microfluidics is a microscale fluid-handling technique in which nanoliter-microliter sized droplets are manipulated on an open surface. Droplets are positioned on top of an array of electrodes that are coated by a dielectric layer - when an electrical potential is applied to the droplet, charges accumulate on either side of the dielectric. The charges serve as electrostatic handles that can be used to control droplet position, and by biasing a sequence of electrodes in series, droplets can be made to dispense, move, merge, mix, and split on the surface. Therefore, DMF is a natural fit for carrying rapid, sequential, multistep, miniaturized automated biochemical assays. This represents a significant advance over conventional methods (relying on manual pipetting or robots), and has the potential to be a useful new tool in clinical proteomics.
Mais J. Jebrail, Vivienne N. Luk, and Steve C. C. Shih contributed equally to this work.
Sergio L. S. Freire's current address is at the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia located at 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104.

Digital Microfluidics is a technique characterized by the manipulation of discrete droplets (~nL - mL) on an array of electrodes by the application of electrical fields. It is well-suited for carrying out rapid, sequential, miniaturized automated biochemical assays. Here, we report a platform capable of automating several proteomic processing steps.

자동 Proteomic 처리를위한 디지털 Microfluidics

Clinical proteomics has emerged as an important new discipline, promising the discovery of biomarkers that will be useful for early diagnosis and ...

Development of automated imaging and analysis for zebrafish chemical screens. 

We demonstrate the application of image-based high-content screening (HCS) methodology to identify small molecules that can modulate the FGF/RAS/MAPK pathway in zebrafish embryos. The zebrafish embryo is an ideal system for in vivo high-content chemical screens. The 1-day old embryo is approximately 1mm in diameter and can be easily arrayed into 96-well plates, a standard format for high throughput screening. During the first day of development, embryos are transparent with most of the major organs present, thus enabling visualization of tissue formation during embryogenesis. The complete automation of zebrafish chemical screens is still a challenge, however, particularly in the development of automated image acquisition and analysis. We previously generated a transgenic reporter line that expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of FGF activity and demonstrated their utility in chemical screens 1. To establish methodology for high throughput whole organism screens, we developed a system for automated imaging and analysis of zebrafish embryos at 24-48 hours post fertilization (hpf) in 96-well plates 2. In this video we highlight the procedures for arraying transgenic embryos into multiwell plates at 24hpf and the addition of a small molecule (BCI) that hyperactivates FGF signaling 3. The plates are incubated for 6 hours followed by the addition of tricaine to anesthetize larvae prior to automated imaging on a Molecular Devices ImageXpress Ultra laser scanning confocal HCS reader. Images are processed by Definiens Developer software using a Cognition Network Technology algorithm that we developed to detect and quantify expression of GFP in the heads of transgenic embryos. In this example we highlight the ability of the algorithm to measure dose-dependent effects of BCI on GFP reporter gene expression in treated embryos.

Development of automated imaging and analysis for zebrafish chemical screens.

We report the development of a system for automated imaging and analysis of zebrafish transgenic embryos in multiwell plates. This demonstrates the ability to measure dose dependent effects of a small molecule, BCI, on Fibroblast Growth Factor reporter gene expression and provide technology for establishing high-throughput zebrafish chemical screens.

zebrafish 화학 화면을위한 자동화 이미징 및 분석의 개발.

We demonstrate the application of image-based high-content screening (HCS) methodology to identify small molecules that can modulate the FGF/RAS/MAPK ...

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells

The use of siRNA mediated gene knockdown is continuing to be an important tool in studies of gene expression.  siRNA studies are being conducted not only to study the effects of downregulating single genes, but also to interrogate signaling pathways and other complex interaction networks.  These pathway analyses require both the use of relevant cellular models and methods that cause less perturbation to the cellular physiology.  Electroporation is increasingly being used as an effective way to introduce siRNA and other nucleic acids into difficult to transfect cell lines and primary cells without altering the signaling pathway under investigation. There are multiple critical steps to a successful siRNA experiment, and there are ways to simplify the work while improving the data quality at several experimental stages.  To help you get started with your siRNA mediated gene knockdown project, we will demonstrate how to perform a pathway study complete from collecting and counting the cells prior to electroporation through post transfection real-time PCR gene expression analysis.  The following study investigates the role of the transcriptional activator STAT6 in IL-4 dependent gene expression of CCL17 in a Burkitt lymphoma cell line (Namalwa).  The techniques demonstrated are useful for a wide range of siRNA-based experiments on both adherent and suspension cells.  We will also show how to streamline cell counting with the TC10 automated cell counter, how to electroporate multiple samples simultaneously using the MXcell electroporation system, and how to simultaneously assess RNA quality and quantity with the Experion automated electrophoresis system.

This procedure describes a quick and easy workflow to introduce siRNA into difficult to transfect cell lines and follow gene expression by real-time PCR. Use of an automated cell counter, multi-well electroporation plate, and automated electrophoresis station provide quick and reliable results without the need for expensive robotic handling.

유전자 발현 연구를 단순화하는 자동 셀 카운터를 사용하여 : Namalwa 셀에서 IL - 4 종속 유전자 발현의 siRNA의 최저

The use of siRNA mediated gene knockdown is continuing to be an important tool in studies of gene expression.  siRNA studies are being conducted not only ...

LeafJ: An ImageJ Plugin for Semi-automated Leaf Shape Measurement

High throughput phenotyping (phenomics) is a powerful tool for linking genes to their functions (see review1 and recent examples2-4). Leaves are the primary photosynthetic organ, and their size and shape vary developmentally and environmentally within a plant. For these reasons studies on leaf morphology require measurement of multiple parameters from numerous leaves, which is best done by semi-automated phenomics tools5,6. Canopy shade is an important environmental cue that affects plant architecture and life history; the suite of responses is collectively called the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS)7. Among SAS responses, shade induced leaf petiole elongation and changes in blade area are particularly useful as indices8. To date, leaf shape programs (e.g. SHAPE9, LAMINA10, LeafAnalyzer11, LEAFPROCESSOR12) can measure leaf outlines and categorize leaf shapes, but can not output petiole length. Lack of large-scale measurement systems of leaf petioles has inhibited phenomics approaches to SAS research. In this paper, we describe a newly developed ImageJ plugin, called LeafJ, which can rapidly measure petiole length and leaf blade parameters of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. For the occasional leaf that required manual correction of the petiole/leaf blade boundary we used a touch-screen tablet. Further, leaf cell shape and leaf cell numbers are important determinants of leaf size13. Separate from LeafJ we also present a protocol for using a touch-screen tablet for measuring cell shape, area, and size. Our leaf trait measurement system is not limited to shade-avoidance research and will accelerate leaf phenotyping of many mutants and screening plants by leaf phenotyping.

Demonstration of key methods for high throughput leaf measurements. These methods can be used to accelerate leaf phenotyping when studying many plant mutants or otherwise screening plants by leaf phenotype.

LeafJ : 세미 자동 리프 형상 측정을위한 ImageJ 플러그인

High throughput phenotyping (phenomics) is a powerful tool for linking genes to their functions (see review1 and recent examples2-4). Leaves are the ...

Semi-automated Imaging of Tissue-specific Fluorescence in Zebrafish Embryos

Zebrafish embryos are a powerful tool for large-scale screening of small molecules. Transgenic zebrafish that express fluorescent reporter proteins are frequently used to identify chemicals that modulate gene expression. Chemical screens that assay fluorescence in live zebrafish often rely on expensive, specialized equipment for high content screening. We describe a procedure using a standard epifluorescence microscope with a motorized stage to automatically image zebrafish embryos and detect tissue-specific fluorescence. Using transgenic zebrafish that report estrogen receptor activity via expression of GFP, we developed a semi-automated procedure to screen for estrogen receptor ligands that activate the reporter in a tissue-specific manner. In this video we describe procedures for arraying zebrafish embryos at 24-48 hours post fertilization (hpf) in a 96-well plate and adding small molecules that bind estrogen receptors. At 72-96 hpf, images of each well from the entire plate are automatically collected and manually inspected for tissue-specific fluorescence. This protocol demonstrates the ability to detect estrogens that activate receptors in heart valves but not in liver.

Described here is a protocol for semi-automated imaging of tissue-specific fluorescence in zebrafish embryos.

Zebrafish의 태아의 조직 특이 형광의 반 자동화 이미징

Zebrafish embryos are a powerful tool for large-scale screening of small molecules. Transgenic zebrafish that express fluorescent reporter proteins are ...

Automated Analysis of Dynamic Ca2+ Signals in Image Sequences

Intracellular Ca2+ signals are commonly studied with fluorescent Ca2+ indicator dyes and microscopy techniques. However, quantitative analysis of Ca2+ imaging data is time consuming and subject to bias. Automated signal analysis algorithms based on region of interest (ROI) detection have been implemented for one-dimensional line scan measurements, but there is no current algorithm which integrates optimized identification and analysis of ROIs in two-dimensional image sequences. Here an algorithm for rapid acquisition and analysis of ROIs in image sequences is described. It utilizes ellipses fit to noise filtered signals in order to determine optimal ROI placement, and computes Ca2+ signal parameters of amplitude, duration and spatial spread. This algorithm was implemented as a freely available plugin for ImageJ (NIH) software. Together with analysis scripts written for the open source statistical processing software R, this approach provides a high-capacity pipeline for performing quick statistical analysis of experimental output. The authors suggest that use of this analysis protocol will lead to a more complete and unbiased characterization of physiologic Ca2+ signaling.

Automated Analysis of Dynamic Ca2+ Signals in Image Sequences

Here a novel region of interest analysis protocol based on sorting best-fit ellipses assigned to regions of positive signal within two-dimensional time lapse image sequences is demonstrated. This algorithm may enable investigators to comprehensively analyze physiological Ca2+ signals with minimal user input and bias.

동적 칼슘의 자동 분석<sup&gt; 2 +</sup이미지 시퀀스에서&gt; 신호

Intracellular Ca2+ signals are commonly studied with fluorescent Ca2+ indicator dyes and microscopy techniques. However, quantitative analysis of Ca2+ ...

High-resolution Time-lapse Imaging and Automated Analysis of Microtubule Dynamics in Living Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

The physiological process by which new vasculature forms from existing vasculature requires specific signaling events that trigger morphological changes within individual endothelial cells (ECs). These processes are critical for homeostatic maintenance such as wound healing, and are also crucial in promoting tumor growth and metastasis. EC morphology is defined by the organization of the cytoskeleton, a tightly regulated system of actin and microtubule (MT) dynamics that is known to control EC branching, polarity and directional migration, essential components of angiogenesis. To study MT dynamics, we used high-resolution fluorescence microscopy coupled with computational image analysis of fluorescently-labeled MT plus-ends to investigate MT growth dynamics and the regulation of EC branching morphology and directional migration. Time-lapse imaging of living Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) was performed following transfection with fluorescently-labeled MT End Binding protein 3 (EB3) and Mitotic Centromere Associated Kinesin (MCAK)-specific cDNA constructs to evaluate effects on MT dynamics. PlusTipTracker software was used to track EB3-labeled MT plus ends in order to measure MT growth speeds and MT growth lifetimes in time-lapse images. This methodology allows for the study of MT dynamics and the identification of how localized regulation of MT dynamics within sub-cellular regions contributes to the angiogenic processes of EC branching and migration.

Protocols for Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell (HUVEC) culture, transient transfection of fluorescently-labeled markers of microtubule growth, live-cell imaging and automated analysis of interphase microtubule growth dynamics are detailed.

고해상도 시간 경과 이미징 및 생활 인간 제대 정맥 내피 세포의 미세 소관 역학의 자동 분석

The physiological process by which new vasculature forms from existing vasculature requires specific signaling events that trigger morphological changes ...

Open Source High Content Analysis Utilizing Automated Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy

We present an open source high content analysis instrument utilizing automated fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) for assaying protein interactions using F&#246;rster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based readouts of fixed or live cells in multiwell plates. This provides a means to screen for cell signaling processes read out using intramolecular FRET biosensors or intermolecular FRET of protein interactions such as oligomerization or heterodimerization, which can be used to identify binding partners. We describe here the functionality of this automated multiwell plate FLIM instrumentation and present exemplar data from our studies of HIV Gag protein oligomerization and a time course of a FRET biosensor in live cells. A detailed description of the practical implementation is then provided with reference to a list of hardware components and a description of the open source data acquisition software written in &#181;Manager. The application of FLIMfit, an open source MATLAB-based client for the OMERO platform, to analyze arrays of multiwell plate FLIM data is also presented. The protocols for imaging fixed and live cells are outlined and a demonstration of an automated multiwell plate FLIM experiment using cells expressing fluorescent protein-based FRET constructs is presented. This is complemented by a walk-through of the data analysis for this specific FLIM FRET data set.

We present an open source high content analysis (HCA) instrument utilizing automated fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) for assaying protein interactions using F&#246;rster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based readouts. Data acquisition for this openFLIM-HCA instrument is controlled by software written in &#181;Manager and data analysis is undertaken in FLIMfit.

자동 형광 수명 이미징 현미경을 활용하여 오픈 소스 높은 콘텐츠 분석

We present an open source high content analysis instrument utilizing automated fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) for assaying protein interactions ...

Measuring the Confluence of iPSCs Using an Automated Imaging System

This study focuses on understanding how growing iPSCs on different ECM coating substrates can affect cell confluence. A protocol to assess iPSC confluence in real time has been established without the need to count cells in single cell suspension to avoid any growth perturbation. A high-content image analysis system was used to assess iPCS confluence on 4 different ECMs over time in an automated manner. Different analysis settings were used to assess cell confluence of adherent iPSCs and only a slight difference (at 24 and 48 hours with laminin) has been observed whether a 60, 80 or 100% mask was applied. We also show that laminin lead to the best confluence compared to Matrigel, vitronectin and fibronectin.

The goal of the protocol is to compare different extracellular matrix (ECM) coating conditions to assess how differential coating affects the growth rate of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In particular, we aim to set up conditions to obtain optimal growth of iPSC cultures.

자동 이미징 시스템을 사용한 iPSC의 합류점 측정.

This study focuses on understanding how growing iPSCs on different ECM coating substrates can affect cell confluence. A protocol to assess iPSC confluence ...