eoe sub articles

EoE Sub Articles

All procedures involving animal models have been reviewed by the local institutional animal care committee and the JoVE veterinary review board.&#160;&#160;&#160;
1. Induction of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations or CCMs in Mouse Models
<ol>
	<li>Cross Cdh5-CreErt2; Ccm2fl/fl mice with Ccm2fl/fl to generate litters with Cdh5-CreErt2; Ccm2fl/fl (Ccm2iECKO) pups and littermate controls (Ccm2fl/fl). Cdh5-CreErt2 and Ccm2fl/fl animals have been previously described19.</li>
	<li>Dissolve 4HT in 100% ethanol and store at -80 &#176;C in aliquots of 30 &#181;L 4-hydroxytamoxifen(4HT)( concentration: 10 mg/mL). On the day of use, dilute aliquoted 4HT in corn oil (0.5 mg/mL).</li>
	<li>Intragastrically inject 50 &#181;L of 4HT (0.5 mg/mL) to neonatal pups at P1 to induce experimental CCM lesions using an insulin syringe.</li>
</ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>4-hydroxy tamoxifen</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H6278</td>
			<td>To activate Cdh5-CreErt2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Corn oil</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C8267-500ML</td>
			<td>To dilute 4-hydroxy tamoxifen</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin syringe&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

cre-loxp mediated induction of cerebral cavernous malformations in a mouse model

Source: Choi, J. P., et al. <a href="https://app.jove.com/v/56476">Induction and micro-CT imaging of cerebral cavernous malformations in mouse model.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2017)
In this video, a genetically modified mouse pup carrying the Ccm2 gene flanked by loxP sites and Cre recombinase fused to an estrogen receptor is used to induce cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs). The administration of 4-hydroxytamoxifen activates Cre in endothelial cells, leading to the deletion of Ccm2 and the formation of CCMs in the brain.

Cre-LoxP Mediated Induction of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in a Mouse Model

All procedures involving animal models have been reviewed by the local institutional animal care committee and the JoVE veterinary review ...

Begin with a genetically modified mouse pup carrying the CCM2 gene, which is essential for blood vessel stability.
This gene is flanked by two loxP sites. The pup&#39;s endothelial cells also express Cre recombinase enzyme fused to an estrogen receptor or ER.
Intragastrically inject 4-hydroxytamoxifen or 4-HT into the pup.
The 4-HT diffuses through endothelial cells and binds to the estrogen receptor portion of the Cre-ER fusion protein.
This binding triggers a conformational change that activates Cre recombinase, which enters the nucleus of endothelial cells and binds to the loxP sites.
This facilitates the recombination event between the loxP sites, forming a loop and excises the CCM2 gene segment.
The loss of CCM2 disrupts the integrity of endothelial cells,&#160; compromising the stability of blood vessel walls.
This leads to the development of swollen abnormal vascular structures known as cerebral cavernous malformations or CCMs, which are fragile and prone to leakage.

cre-loxp-mediated-induction-cerebral-cavernous-malformations-mouse

Research

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Neuroscience

Neuropathology

Cerebrovascular Diseases

29 조회수. 출처: Choi, J. P., et al. 마우스 모델에서 대뇌 해면상 기형의 유도 및 마이크로 CT 이미징. J. Vis. 특급 (2017년) 이 비디오에서는 loxP 부위와 에스트로겐 수용체에 융합된 Cre 재조합효소 옆에 있는 Ccm2 유전자를 가진 유전자 변형 쥐 강아지가 뇌 해면체 기형(CCM)을 유도하는 데 사용됩니다. 4-하이드록시타목시펜의 투여는 내피 세포에서 Cre를 활성화하여 Ccm2의 결실과 뇌의 CCM 형성으?...

비디오: 마우스 모델에서 대뇌 해면상 기형의 Cre-LoxP 매개 유도 - 개념

A Micro-CT-based Method for Characterizing Lesions and Locating Electrodes in Small Animal Brains

Lesion and electrode location verification are traditionally done via histological examination of stained brain slices, a time-consuming procedure that requires manual estimation. Here, we describe a simple, straightforward method for quantifying lesions and locating electrodes in the brain that is less laborious and yields more detailed results. Whole brains are stained with osmium tetroxide, embedded in resin, and imaged with a micro-CT scanner. The scans result in 3D digital volumes of the brains with resolutions and virtual section thicknesses dependent on the sample size (12&#8211;15 and 5&#8211;6 &#181;m&#160;per voxel for rat and zebra finch brains, respectively). Surface and deep lesions can be characterized, and single tetrodes, tetrode arrays, electrolytic lesions, and silicon probes can also be localized. Free and proprietary software allows experimenters to examine the sample volume from any plane and segment the volume manually or automatically. Because this method generates whole brain volume, lesions and electrodes can be quantified to a much higher degree than in current methods, which will help standardize comparisons within and across studies.

This article describes a straightforward method to prepare small animal brains for micro-CT imaging, in which lesions can be quantified and electrodes located with high precision in the context of the whole brain.

병 변 특성화 및 작은 동물 두뇌에 전극을 위치에 대 한 마이크로-CT 기반 방법

Lesion and electrode location verification are traditionally done via histological examination of stained brain slices, a time-consuming procedure that ...

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JoVE Journal

신경과학

Generation of Brown Fat-Specific Knockout Mice Using a Combined Cre-LoxP, CRISPR-Cas9, and Adeno-Associated Virus Single-Guide RNA System

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an adipose depot specialized in energy dissipation that can also serve as an endocrine organ via the secretion of bioactive molecules. The creation of BAT-specific knockout mice is one of the most popular approaches for understanding the contribution of a gene of interest to BAT-mediated energy regulation. The conventional gene targeting strategy utilizing the Cre-LoxP system has been the principal approach to generate tissue-specific knockout mice. However, this approach is time-consuming and tedious. Here, we describe a protocol for the rapid and efficient knockout of a gene of interest in BAT using a combined Cre-LoxP, CRISPR-Cas9, and adeno-associated virus (AAV) single-guide RNA (sgRNA) system. The interscapular BAT is located in the deep layer between the muscles. Thus, the BAT must be exposed in order to inject the AAV precisely and directly into the BAT within the visual field. Appropriate surgical handling is crucial to prevent damage to the sympathetic nerves and vessels, such as the Sultzer's vein that connects to the BAT. To minimize tissue damage, there is a critical need to understand the three-dimensional anatomical location of the BAT and the surgical skills required in the technical steps. This protocol highlights the key technical procedures, including the design of sgRNAs targeting the gene of interest, the preparation of AAV-sgRNA particles, and the surgery for the direct microinjection of AAV into both BAT lobes for generating BAT-specific knockout mice, which can be broadly applied to study the biological functions of genes in BAT.

In this protocol, we describe the technical procedures to generate brown adipose tissue (BAT)-specific knockout mice leveraging a combined Cre-LoxP, CRISPR-Cas9, and adeno-associated virus (AAV) single-guide RNA (sgRNA) system. The described steps include the design of the sgRNAs, the preparation of the AAV-sgRNA particles, and the microinjection of AAV into the BAT lobes.

결합된 Cre-LoxP, CRISPR-Cas9 및 아데노 관련 바이러스 단일 가이드 RNA 시스템을 사용한 갈색 지방 특이적 녹아웃 마우스 생성

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an adipose depot specialized in energy dissipation that can also serve as an endocrine organ via the secretion of bioactive ...

Cre-LoxP Mediated Induction of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in a Mouse Model

내레이션 대본

Cre-LoxP Mediated Induction of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in a Mouse Model