박사 카르발료의 작품은 여성의 건강과 아동 건강 및 보건 국립 연구소 (5K12 HD043452)의 인간 개발 연구소의 연구의 Office에서 연구 보조금에 의해 지원되었다. 박사의 고뇌는 I-흐름 (레이크 포레스트, 캘리포니아)에서 공급 (ON-Q PainBuster 후 옵 통증 완화 시스템)하고 기금을 (생화학 assays)을 받았습니다.

1. 연구 프로토콜 <ul><li> 기관 검토위원회 승인 및 서면 정보 동의를 구합니다. </li><li> 연구 행위에 대해 적절한 수술 인구를 선택합니다. 이 방법론은 cesarean 배달 상처에 적용되었지만 대부분의 수술 상처가 적절한 것입니다. </li><li> 귀하의 연구 참여에 대한 포함 및 제외 기준을 고려하십시오. 수술 상처 감염의 높은 속도로 환자와 절차가 적합하지 않을 수 있습니다. </li><li> 잠재적 인 confounders을 방지하기 위해 모든 환자에 대한 마취 및 수술 후 관리를 표준화. </li></ul> 2. Nociceptive 및 염증성 생물 화학 중재자 컬렉션 <ul><li> 폐쇄 (다른 조직 레이어로 간주 될 수 있습니다)을 상처 직전에 피하 층에 ON-Q SilverSoaker (I-흐름, 레이크 포레스트, CA)와 ON-Q PainBuster를 삽입합니다. ON-Q PainBuster 고통 구호 시스템은 지속적으로 두 ML / H의 속도로 정상적인 생리 기능을 제공합니다. 통신사가 빗 할 수 있습니다로 ined 또는 국소 마취제와 비 steroidal 안티 - inflammatories과 같은 관심 마약에 비교했다. </li><li> 지정된 시간 지점에서 상처 exudate의 흡인 할 수 있도록이 시스템에 표준 세 방향 꼭지를 포함시킵니다. 지속적인 주입이 응고에서 카테터을 방지하고 exudate 샘플을 생산하기 위해 시스템의 안정성을 향상시킵니다. exudate의 흡인이 어려운 경우 (가지 경우 약 5 %), 상처 위에 부드럽게 밀어 (예를 들어, 환자를 앉아하거나 드러 누어) 피사체의 위치를 변경 0.5-1 ML 정상적인 생리에 찬 물을 사용하거나이 박탈 고려 카테터 1-2cm. </li><li> 프로토콜 (예, 1, 4, 6, 24, 및 cesarean 배달 후 48 시간)에 의해 지정된 시간 지점에서, 기음과 상처 exudate 1 ML를 철회 할 수 있습니다. proteinase 억제제의 30 μl를 포함하는 폴리에틸렌 컵에 exudate를 전송합니다. 우리는 우리의 목적을 위해 완벽한 Proteinase 억제제 (Bioscience 로슈, 팔로 알토 (Palo Alto), CA)를 사용했습니다. </li><li&gt; 연구 프로토콜에 의해 지정된 동일한 시간 간격으로, 혈액의 10 ML를 수집합니다. 우리는 리튬 헤파린을 포함하는 혈액 수집 관을 사용했습니다, 우리 기관에서이 녹색 얹은 유리 튜브입니다. 혈액 샘플에 proteinase 억제제의 추가 300 μl를 추가합니다. </li><li> 컬렉션의 1 시간 이내에 10 분 3,000 rpm으로 얼음과 원심 분리기에 샘플을 넣어. </li><li> -20 ° C.에서 표준 microcentrifuge 튜브 및 저장소에 혈청과 상처 supernate과 장소를 제거 </li></ul> 3. 검정 분석 <ul><li> 일단 모든 연구 exudate과 혈청 샘플은 해동과 동시에 샘플을 분석, 수집 및 저장됩니다. </li><li> 우리는 크린 시토 킨과 멀티 플렉스 면역 분석법을 사용하여 chemokines을 측정했습니다. 멀티 플렉스 immuno-검정 기술은 우리가 작은 (50 μl) 볼륨 샘플에서 분석 수많은 analytes을 할 수 있습니다. 멀티 플렉스가 엘리사를 얻은 사람들과 비교 결과를 생산하고 있습니다. 우리는 17 플렉스 바이오 PlexTM 시스템 (BioRad, Herc을 사용한우리의 분석을위한 ules, CA). 이 분석은 종양 괴사 인자 α (TNFα), 인터페론 α (INFα), 인터루킨 1β (IL-1β), 인터루킨 2 (IL-2), 인터루킨 4 (IL-4), 인터루킨 5 (IL-5를 측정 할 수 있습니다 ), 인터루킨 6 (IL-6), 인터루킨 7 (IL-7), 인터루킨 8 (IL-8), 인터루킨 (IL-10), 인터루킨 12 (IL-12), 인터루킨 13 (IL-13), 인터루킨 17 (IL-17), 과립구 콜로니 자극 인자 (G-CSF), 과립 세포 대 식세포 집락 자극 인자 (GM-CSF), 단핵구 chemoattractant 단백질 1 (MCP-1) 및 대 식세포 염증성 단백질 1 (MIP-1β). 신경 성장 인자는 바이오 플렉스 아민 커플 링 키트 17 플렉스 판에 추가하여 NGF DY256 항체를 측정 하였다. </li><li> 좋은 품질 분석을 위해 각 측정은 복제에서 변경해야합니다. 각 analyte 표준 곡선은 (0.20의 농도에서, 0.78, 3.13, 12.5, 50, 200, 800, 3200 PG / ML 플러스 제조업체에서 제공하는 참조 analytes를 사용하여 생성됩니다정상 생리에 대한 제로 표준). 표준 곡선은 각 실행에 포함되어 및 샘플 농도는 바이오 플렉스 Manager 소프트웨어를 사용하여 계산됩니다. </li><li> 물질 P 및 프로스타글란딘 E2의는 높은 감도 엘리사 키트를 사용하여 측정 하였다. 우리는이 분석을 위해 분석 설계 주식회사 (앤 아버, 미시간)를 사용했습니다. 제조업체의 사양에 따라 복제의 분석을 수행합니다. </li></ul>

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관심 없음 충돌이 선언 없습니다.

위에서 설명한이 방법은 상처 exudate에서 생화학 염증과 nociceptive 중재자를 감지 할 수있을만큼 민감한 것으로 발견되었습니다. 여러 시간 지점에서 샘플링하면 우리는 시간이 지남에 따라 이러한 중재자의 변화. 1,2 우리는 순차적으로 수술 상처 exudate의 염증과 nociceptive 중재자의 릴리스 프로파일을 측정 할 수있는 다른 사람의 수술 상처 분석을 인식하지를 관찰 할 수있다. 수술 절개 사?...

수술 절개 후, 거주 및 염증 세포를 마이그레이션하는 프로와 항 염증성 크린 시토 킨, prostanoids, neuropeptides과 고통을 시작하고 유지하기위한 중요한 chemokines을 뗍니다. 특정 사이트 생화학 마커를 수집하는 3,4 능력을 결정하는 것이 중요합니다 혈청 및 수술 상처의 수준 사이의 관계는, 중재자 자료와 수술 통증 사이의 복잡한 관계를 이해하고, 수술 상처의 생화학에 전신 및 주변 약물 관리 모두의 효과를 평가 할 수 있습니다. 연구 생화학 중재자의 체계적 측정에 초점을 맞추고하고 특정 사이트 출시 간주되지 않았습니다. 크린 시토 킨과 chemokines의 5,6 세럼 측정은 현지 수술 상처 생화학 이벤트 반영하며, 수술 부상하는 글로벌 조직 응답을 표시하지 않을 수 있습니다. 이 문서는 전나무했다이 방법에 대한 자세한하고 독특한 시각적 설명을 제공세인트 고통이 저널에 2008 년 참조.이 목성 기사의 1 목적은 방법의 독특하고 시각적으로 향상된 설명을 제공하는 것입니다.

collecting and measuring wound exudate biochemical mediators in surgical wounds

우리는 수술 상처 부위에서 생화학 염증과 nociceptive 중재자를 수집하고 측정 할 수있는이 방법을 설명합니다. 특정 사이트 생화학 마커를 수집하는 혈청 및 수술 상처의 수준 사이의 관계를 이해하는 것이 중요합니다, 중재자 자료, 고통, 진통제 사용 및 관심의 다른 결과 사이의 연관 관계를 파악하고, 수술 상처 조직 및 주변 약물 관리의 효과를 평가 생화학. 이 방법론은 척추 마취를 선택 cesarean 배달을 진행하고 건강한 여성에 적용되었습니다. 우리는 환자의 통증 점수와 최대 48 시간 후 cesarean 배달에 대한 진통제 소비와 같은 시간 간격으로 상처 exudate 및 혈청 중재자을 측정했습니다. 이 방법 사용 우리는 신경 성장 인자 (NGF), 프로스타글란딘 E2 (PG-E2) 물질 P, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, 등의 다양한 생화학 중재자를 감지 할 수있었습니다 IL-8,IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, TNFα, INFγ, G-CSF, GM-CSF, MCP-1과 MIP-1β. 이 인간 수술 상처 bioassay를 적용 연구 상처 혈청 시토 킨 농도 나 시간이 릴리스 프로파일 사이에 상관 관계가 발견되지 않은 (J 고통 2008, 9. (7) :650-7) 1 우리는 또한 식별 할 기술의 유틸리티를 기록. 상처 시토 킨 콘텐츠에 약물로 인한 변경 사항 (Anesth Analg 2010, 111:1452-9) 2.

이 방법 사용 우리는 상처 exudate와 플라즈마의 IL-5를 제외하고 위에서 설명한 모든 생화학 중재자를 감지 할 수있었습니다. 1,2 일부 추가 크린 시토 킨은 (TNFα IL-4, IL-17, 플라즈마에서 발견되지 않은 INFγ , GM-CSF).보고 연구 측정 크린 시토 킨과 chemokines의 1 시간 코스는 24 시간 관찰 기간 동안 지속 된 처음 몇 시간 내에 대지 .. 1,2는하지만, NGF는 동안 꾸준히 증가에 도달, 일...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds at JoVE.com

Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds

이 문서는 cesarean 배달 후 수술 상처 부위에서 생화학 염증과 nociceptive 중재자를 수집하고 측정하기위한 방법에 대한 자세한 및 시각적 설명을 제공하고 있습니다. 이 인간 bioassay는 상처 혈청 시토 킨 농도와 상처 크린 시토 킨, chemokines 및 neuropetides에서 마약 매개 변화 사이의 상관 관계를 결정하는 데 사용되었습니다.

수술 상처에 상처 Exudate 생물 화학 중재자를 수집하고 측정

We describe a methodology by which we are able to collect and measure biochemical inflammatory and nociceptive mediators at the surgical wound site. ...

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JoVE Journal

Medicine

11.9K 조회수.  Stanford University School of Medicine. 이 문서는 cesarean 배달 후 수술 상처 부위에서 생화학 염증과 nociceptive 중재자를 수집하고 측정하기위한 방법에 대한 자세한 및 시각적 설명을 제공하고 있습니다. 이 인간 bioassay는 상처 혈청 시토 킨 농도와 상처 크린 시토 킨, chemokines 및 neuropetides에서 마약 매개 변화 사이의 상관 관계를 결정하는 데 사용되었습니다.

비디오: Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds

Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia

Neonatal hypoxia ischemia is characterized by inadequate blood perfusion of a tissue or a systemic lack of oxygen. This condition is thought to cause/exacerbate well documented neonatal disorders including neurological impairment 1-3. Decreased adenosine triphosphate production occurs due to a lack of oxidative phosphorylation. To compensate for this energy deprived state molecules containing high energy phosphate bonds are degraded 2. This leads to increased levels of adenosine which is subsequently degraded to inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and finally to uric acid. The final two steps in this degradation process are performed by xanthine oxidoreductase. This enzyme exists in the form of xanthine dehydrogenase under normoxic conditions but is converted to xanthine oxidase (XO) under hypoxia-reperfusion circumstances 4, 5. Unlike xanthine dehydrogenase, XO generates hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct of purine degradation 4, 6. This hydrogen peroxide in combination with other reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during hypoxia, oxidizes uric acid to form allantoin and reacts with lipid membranes to generate malondialdehyde (MDA) 7-9. Most mammals, humans exempted, possess the enzyme uricase, which converts uric acid to allantoin. In humans, however, allantoin can only be formed by ROS-mediated oxidation of uric acid. Because of this, allantoin is considered to be a marker of oxidative stress in humans, but not in the mammals that have uricase.
We describe methods employing high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) to measure biochemical markers of neonatal hypoxia ischemia. Human blood is used for most tests. Animal blood may also be used while recognizing the potential for uricase-generated allantoin. Purine metabolites were linked to hypoxia as early as 1963 and the reliability of hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid as biochemical indicators of neonatal hypoxia was validated by several investigators 10-13. The HPLC method used for the quantification of purine compounds is fast, reliable, and reproducible. The GC/MS method used for the quantification of allantoin, a relatively new marker of oxidative stress, was adapted from Gruber et al 7. This method avoids certain artifacts and requires low volumes of sample. Methods used for synthesis of MMDA were described elsewhere 14, 15. GC/MS based quantification of MDA was adapted from Paroni et al. and Cighetti et al. 16, 17. Xanthine oxidase activity was measured by HPLC by quantifying the conversion of pterin to isoxanthopterin 18. This approach proved to be sufficiently sensitive and reproducible.

A method is described to measure biochemical markers of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. The approach utilizes high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS).

신생아 Hypoxia의 생화 학적 측정

Neonatal hypoxia ischemia is characterized by inadequate blood perfusion of a tissue or a systemic lack of oxygen. This condition is thought to ...

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Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers

Salivary measures have emerged in bio-behavioral research that are easy-to-collect, minimally invasive, and relatively inexpensive biologic markers of stress. This article we present the steps for collection and analysis of two salivary assays in research with frail, community residing older adults-salivary cortisol and salivary alpha amylase. The field of salivary bioscience is rapidly advancing and the purpose of this presentation is to provide an update on the developments for investigators interested in integrating these measures into research on aging. Strategies are presented for instructing family caregivers in collecting saliva in the home, and for conducting laboratory analyses of salivary analytes that have demonstrated feasibility, high compliance, and yield quality specimens. The protocol for sample collection includes: (1) consistent use of collection materials; (2) standardized methods that promote adherence and minimize subject burden; and (3) procedures for controlling certain confounding agents. We also provide strategies for laboratory analyses include: (1) saliva handling and processing; (2) salivary cortisol and salivary alpha amylase assay procedures; and (3) analytic considerations.

We demonstrate: (1) procedures for collection of salivary samples in cognitive impaired older adults by family caregivers in the home setting, (2) procedures for measuring stress activity via salivary cortisol and alpha amylase, and (3) representative profiles. Protocols that allow researchers to study stress-linked processes advance our understanding of biological sensitivity and susceptibility.

Salivary measures have emerged in bio-behavioral research  that are easy-to-collect, minimally invasive, and relatively inexpensive  biologic markers of ...

In utero Measurement of Heart Rate in Mouse by Noninvasive M-mode Echocardiography

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequent noninfectious cause of death at birth. The incidence of CHD ranges from 4 to 50/1,000 births (Disease and injury regional estimates, World Health Organization, 2004). Surgeries that often compromise the quality of life are required to correct heart defects, reminding us of the importance of finding the causes of CHD. Mutant mouse models and live imaging technology have become essential tools to study the etiology of this disease. Although advanced methods allow live imaging of abnormal hearts in embryos, the physiological and hemodynamic states of the latter are often compromised due to surgical and/or lengthy procedures. Noninvasive ultrasound imaging, however, can be used without surgically exposing the embryos, thereby maintaining their physiology. Herein, we use simple M-mode ultrasound to assess heart rates of embryos at E18.5 in utero. The detection of abnormal heart rates is indeed a good indicator of dysfunction of the heart and thus constitutes a first step in the identification of developmental defects that may lead to heart failure.

In utero Measurement of Heart Rate in Mouse by Noninvasive M-mode Echocardiography

Ultra-high frequency ultrasound is a powerful live imaging tool to examine cardiac abnormalities in small animals. Its noninvasiveness allows maintaining the physiologic state of embryos. Herein, we show the use of M-mode ultrasound to measure the heart rates of embryos at E18.5 in utero.

비 침습 M-모드 초음파 심장 검진 법에 의한 마우스의 심장 박동의 자궁 측정

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequent noninfectious cause of death at birth. The incidence of CHD ranges from 4 to 50/1,000 births (Disease ...

Demonstration of the Rat Ischemic Skin Wound Model

The propensity for chronic wounds in humans increases with ageing, disease conditions such as diabetes and impaired cardiovascular function, and unrelieved pressure due to immobility. Animal models have been developed that attempt to mimic these conditions for the purpose of furthering our understanding of the complexity of chronic wounds. The model described herein is a rat ischemic skin flap model that permits a prolonged reduction of blood flow resulting in wounds that become ischemic and resemble a chronic wound phenotype (reduced vascularization, increased inflammation and delayed wound closure). It consists of a bipedicled dorsal flap with 2 ischemic wounds placed centrally and 2 non-ischemic wounds lateral to the flap as controls. A novel addition to this ischemic skin flap model is the placement of a silicone sheet beneath the flap that functions as a barrier and a splint to prevent revascularization and reduce contraction as the wounds heal. Despite the debate of using rats for wound healing studies due to their quite distinct anatomic and physiologic differences compared to humans (i.e., the presence of a panniculus carnosus muscle, short life-span, increased number of hair follicles, and their ability to heal infected wounds) the modifications employed in this model make it a valuable alternative to previously developed ischemic skin flap models.

The rat, due to its size, availability, and rather docile behavior, has been utilized as a research model for many years. The goal of this protocol is to utilize the rat as an ischemic skin wound healing model to provide valuable insight into the pathophysiology of chronic wounds.

쥐 허혈성 피부 상처 모델의 데모

The propensity for chronic wounds in humans increases with ageing, disease conditions such as diabetes and impaired cardiovascular function, and ...

Using In Vitro Live-cell Imaging to Explore Chemotherapeutics Delivered by Lipid-based Nanoparticles

Conventional imaging techniques can provide detailed information about cellular processes. However, this information is based on static images in an otherwise dynamic system, and successive phases are easily overlooked or misinterpreted. Live-cell imaging and time-lapse microscopy, in which living cells can be followed for hours or even days in a more or less continuous fashion, are therefore very informative. The protocol described here allows for the investigation of the fate of chemotherapeutic nanoparticles after the delivery of doxorubicin (dox) in living cells. Dox is an intercalating agent that must be released from its nanocarrier to become biologically active. In spite of its clinical registration for more than two decades, its uptake, breakdown, and drug release are still not fully understood. This article explores the hypothesis that lipid-based nanoparticles are taken up by the tumor cells and are slowly degraded. Released dox is then translocated to the nucleus. To prevent fixation artifacts, live-cell imaging and time-lapse microscopy, described in this experimental procedure, can be applied.

Using In Vitro Live-cell Imaging to Explore Chemotherapeutics Delivered by Lipid-based Nanoparticles

Live-cell imaging is a powerful tool to visualize dynamic processes. The examination of fixed cells provides only static pictures, which can lead to misinterpretation and confusion about the process. This work presents a method to study uptake, drug release, and intracellular localization of liposomal nanoparticles in living cells.

사용 하 여 체 외에서 전달 Chemotherapeutics 탐험 라이브 셀 이미징 지질 기반 나노 입자에 의해

Conventional imaging techniques can provide detailed information about cellular processes. However, this information is based on static images in an ...

Collecting Hair Samples for Hair Cortisol Analysis in African Americans

The hormone cortisol is typically assessed in saliva, serum, or urine samples. More recently, cortisol has been successfully extracted from hair, including humans. The advantage of hair cortisol concentration is that it reflects a retrospective representation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function over time, much like hemoglobin A1C represents glycemic control. However, obtaining hair samples can be challenging, due to the cultural beliefs and hair care practices of minority participants. For example, African Americans may be reluctant to provide samples. Additionally, few researchers are trained to collect hair samples from African Americans. The purpose of this paper is to present a culturally informed protocol to help researchers obtain hair samples from African Americans. To illustrate the representative results of this protocol implementation, de-identified data from African Americans that participated in a community-based study on chronic stress are provided. Hair practice preferences are assessed. The participants are made comfortable by showing pictures of hair samples prior to cutting their hair. The single strain twist and gently pull method is used to collect approximately 30 - 50 strands of hair from the posterior vertex region of the scalp. This protocol will significantly improve collection of hair samples from African Americans.

Hair cortisol concentration analysis provides an alternative to traditional measures of cortisol; however, to collect hair samples from African Americans, scientists need to be culturally informed and competent. The purpose of this protocol is to demonstrate a culturally informed technique to collect hair samples for cortisol analysis from African Americans.

The hormone cortisol is typically assessed in saliva, serum, or urine samples. More recently, cortisol has been successfully extracted from hair, ...

Protocol to Create Chronic Wounds in Diabetic Mice

Chronic wounds develop as a result of defective regulation in one or more complex cellular and molecular processes involved in proper healing. They impact ~6.5M people and cost ~$40B/year in the US alone. Although a significant effort has been invested in understanding how chronic wounds develop in humans, fundamental questions remain unanswered. Recently, we developed a novel mouse model for diabetic chronic wounds that have many characteristics of human chronic wounds. Using db/db-/- mice, we can generate chronic wounds by inducing high levels of oxidative stress (OS) in the wound tissue immediately after wounding, using a one-time treatment with inhibitors specific to the antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase. These wounds have high levels of OS, develop biofilm naturally, become fully chronic within 20 days after treatment and can remain open more for more than 60 days. This novel model has many features of diabetic chronic wounds in humans and therefore can contribute significantly to advancing fundamental understanding of how wounds become chronic. This is a major breakthrough because chronic wounds in humans cause significant pain and distress to patients and result in amputation if unresolved. Moreover, these wounds are very expensive and time-consuming to treat, and lead to significant loss of personal income to patients. Advancements in this field of study through the use of our chronic wound model can significantly improve health care for millions who suffer under this debilitating condition. In this protocol, we describe in great detail the procedure to cause acute wounds to become chronic, which has not been done before.

Chronic wounds are developed from acute wounds on a diabetic mouse model by inducing high levels of oxidative stress after a full-thickness cutaneous wound. The wound is treated with inhibitors for catalase and glutathione peroxidase, resulting in impaired healing and biofilm development by bacteria present in the skin microbiome.

당뇨병 마우스에서 만성 상처를 만드는 프로토콜

Chronic wounds develop as a result of defective regulation in one or more complex cellular and molecular processes involved in proper healing. They impact ...

Corneal Epithelial Abrasion with Ocular Burr As a Model for Cornea Wound Healing

The murine cornea provides an excellent model to study wound healing. The cornea is the outermost layer of the eye, and thus is the first defense to injury. In fact, the most common type of eye injury found in clinic is a corneal abrasion. Here, we utilize an ocular burr to induce an abrasion resulting in removal of the corneal epithelium in vivo on anesthetized mice. This method allows for targeted and reproducible epithelial disruption, leaving other areas intact. In addition, we describe the visualization of the abraded epithelium with fluorescein staining and provide concrete advice on how to visualize the abraded cornea. Then, we follow the timeline of wound healing 0, 18, and 72 h after abrasion, until the wound is re-epithelialized. The epithelial abrasion model of corneal injury is ideal for studies on epithelial cell proliferation, migration and re-epithelialization of the corneal layers. However, this method is not optimal to study stromal activation during wound healing, because the ocular burr does not penetrate to the stromal cell layers. This method is also suitable for clinical applications, for example, pre-clinical test of drug effectiveness.

This protocol describes a method to inflict an abrasion to the ocular surface of the mouse, and to follow the wound healing process thereafter. The protocol takes advantage of an ocular burr to partially remove the surface epithelium of the eye in anaesthetized mice.

각 막에 대 한 모델로 눈 버와 각 막 상피 마모 상처 치유

The murine cornea provides an excellent model to study wound healing. The cornea is the outermost layer of the eye, and thus is the first defense to ...

Targeting Gray Rami Communicantes in Selective Chemical Lumbar Sympathectomy

Chemical lumbar sympathectomy (CLS) is a commonly used, minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of conditions including ischemic diseases of the lower extremities, hyperhidrosis, etc. It is commonly practiced to position the puncture needle tip in front of the anterior fascia of the psoas major muscle and inject the inactivating agent around the sympathetic trunk, which is defined as conventional CLS. Although relatively rare, ureteropelvic damage is the most frequently reported complication of conventional CLS and can cause serious harm to patients. We found that injecting the inactivating agent behind the anterior fascia, which only targets gray rami communicantes, helped achieve therapeutic efficacy in&#160;vasodilation, sweat reduction, and pain relief comparable to conventional CLS, and serious complications were largely reduced. We define this procedure as selective CLS. Here, we present a protocol of selective CLS. The precise needle tract and accurate evaluation of the spreading of the contrast agent are critical to ensure that the drug is injected behind the anterior fascia of the psoas major muscle. The needle tip is at approximately one-third the dividing line of the vertebral body in the lateral view of a lumbar X-ray. The contrast is mainly confined around the needle tip and spreads outward and downward along the psoas muscle fibers. In this way, the anterior fascia provides a natural barrier for the ureteropelvic area, and the psoas major muscle provides a natural barrier for the lumbar nerve root. There are several highlights of this article, including 1) a detailed description of the selective CLS procedures, 2) an explanation of the anatomical basis for the implementation of selective CLS, and 3) an explanation of the differences between selective and conventional CLS.

We present a protocol for selective chemical lumbar sympathectomy (CLS), which inactivates only gray rami communicantes and not the sympathetic trunk. Selective CLS can help achieve therapeutic efficacy in vasodilation, sweat reduction, and pain relief that are comparable to conventional CLS, and serious complications, particularly ureteropelvic damages, can be reduced.

선택적 화학 요 추 신경 절제술의 대상 회색 라미 Communicantes

Chemical lumbar sympathectomy (CLS) is a commonly used, minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of conditions including ischemic diseases of the ...

Application of Lucilia sericata Larvae in Debridement of Pressure Wounds in Outpatient Settings

Biological therapy using Lucilia sericata larvae has numerous advocates worldwide, yet it is still fairly unknown and not commonly applied in daily practice because of the limited awareness and insufficient experience of medical and nursing personnel. There are case reports suggesting that maggot therapy can be applied and supported by lay caregivers, provided they are supervised and informed by physicians/nurses. The foregoing observation suggests that the method should be considered for implementation by a wider group of caregivers if accepted and meticulously supervised by trained and experienced medical staff. The concerns related to the therapeutic use of maggots in certain regions seem understandable, but are not supported by scientific facts. It should be noted that many therapeutic agents (including brood) used in medicine are of natural origin, and are associated with low production costs and high possibilities of implementation in the course of therapy. By analyzing the literature and using our own clinical and research experience, we have come to conclusions related to using larvae therapy, as a quick and safe method providing cleaning and revitalization in the process of treating wounds of various etiologies, especially pressure ulcers. In the current study, medical-grade Lucilia sericata maggots were applied to remove necrotic tissue from deep pressure sores. The treatment is mostly accepted by both caregivers and patients. In most cases, it is conducted by trained and experienced medical personnel in home and outpatient settings. Over the course of the conducted analyzes involving the collected specimens, there were no statistically significant relationships (p&gt; 0.05) confirmed between the wound surface successfully cleared by brood and variables, such as time from wound formation, location, surface size, and the depth of damage to the tissue structure. The lack of statistical dependence may result from the small size of the studied group. Based on the current findings, we have formulated the following conclusions: Maggot Debridement Therapy (MDT) is a fast and effective method enabling the preparation of the wound bed. The use of MDT in outpatient settings is safe and acceptable for patients and their caregivers.

Application of Lucilia sericata Larvae in Debridement of Pressure Wounds in Outpatient Settings

Maggots of Lucilia sericata were used in the debridement of deep pressure sores in outpatient settings for the treatment of pressure sores involving the complete skin thickness. The technique presented in the article does not pose risks for the patient.

외래 환자 설정에서 압력 상처의 신부에 루실리아 세리카타 애벌레의 응용 프로그램

Biological therapy using Lucilia sericata larvae has numerous advocates worldwide, yet it is still fairly unknown and not commonly applied in daily ...