이 작품은 미국 심장 협회 (박사 Beiyan 저우에 BGIA 7,850,037)에 의해 지원되었다.

1. 골수 세포의 분리 <ol><li> 6-8주 오래된 마우스에서 대퇴골과 경골 뼈를 분리, 머리를 헹구어 낸 후 뼈를 자르면. </li><li> 차가운 PBS 2 %의 열 비활성화 태아 소 혈청 (FBS) (3-5 ML / 마우스)에 골수를 플러시 21G 바늘과 10 ML의 주사기를 사용합니다. </li><li> 세포를 해리 21G 바늘을 통해 4-6 번 골수를 전달합니다. </li><li> 세포 덩어리, 뼈, 머리 및 다른 세포 / 조직을 제거하기 위해 70 μm의 셀 스트레이너를 통해 세포를 전달합니다. </li><li> NH 4 염소 용액 (0.8 % NH 4 망할 CIA 솔루션 스템 셀 기술) 3 볼륨을 추가하고, 적혈구를 제거하는 10 분 동안 얼음에 품어. </li><li> 4 ° C.에서 5 분 500 XG에서 세포를 스핀 다운 </li><li> 차가운 PBS 2 % FBS (20 ~ 50 ml의 세포의 양에 따라)에있는 세포 펠렛을 resuspend. </li></ol> 2. 유도 BMDM 형성 <ol><li> BMDM 성장 배지에서 분리 된 골수 세포 (2 × 10 6 세포 / M resuspend을L). </li></ol> BMDM 성장 매체 : Iscove의 수정 된 Dulbecco의 중간 (IMDM) + 10 % FBS + 15 % 여과 (0.2 μm의) L-929 세포 (ATCC, CCL-1) 문화 상층 액 (단핵구 콜로니 자극 인자, M-CSF를 포함) 또는 10 NG / ML M -CSF. 참고 : L-929 세포의 상층 액은 M-CSF 18이 포함되어 있습니다. 에어컨 중간, 5의 효과적인 활동을 보장하기 위해 X 10 5 L-929 세포 6-7일에 대한 T75 cm 2 플라스크에 씨앗을 품고 있으며, 에어컨 매체를 사용하기 전에 필터 0.45 μm의를 통해 수집하고 전달됩니다. 중간 분주은 1-2 개월 동안 즉시 사용할 또는 -80 ° C에 저장할 수 있습니다. <ol start="2"><li> 6 12 잘 조직 배양 플레이트 (실험 설계에 따라 다름) (코닝 공연자)의 씨앗 세포. </li><li> 3 일 신선한 BMDM 성장 매체를 변경합니다. </li><li> 하루에 7, 성숙 BMDM의 형성은 유동 세포 계측법 분석을 사용하여 평가됩니다및 형광 결합 항체는 CD11b 및 F4/80을 표현하는 세포를 감지합니다. </li></ol> 3. BMDM 편광 활성화 <ol><li> 7 일째에 신선한 자극을 매체로 변경 M1 활성화, IMDM 50 NG / ML IFNγ와 10 % FBS, 100 NG / ML LPS 또는 100 NG / ML LPS를 포함한 사용, M2 활성화와 10 % FBS를 포함 IMDM을 사용 10 NG / ML IL-4 및 / 또는 10 NG / ML IL-13. </li><li> 따뜻한 0.05 % 트립신을 사용하여 요리에서 그들을 분리에 의해 자극 BMDMs를 수집 PBS 10 % FBS를 포함한 두 번 세포를 세척 한 다음. </li></ol> 참고 : 차별화 후 성숙 식세포, 0.05 % 트립신 용액 (0.48 mM의 EDTA (에틸렌 다이아 민 테트라 초산), Invitrogen의를 포함) 또는 칼슘과 마그네슘이없는 PBS 또는 행크의 균형 버퍼 (HBSS)에 2-5 밀리미터 EDTA (에틸렌 다이아 민 테트라 초산)를 분리하고 resuspend을 위해 사용할 수 있습니다. 트립신을 포함하는 소화 매체를 사용하는 경우, 셀 쉬르의 손실을 방지하기 위해보다 10 분 동안 37 ° C에서 처리됩니다얼굴에 소화에 의한 단백질. <ol start="3"><li> CD11b, F4/80, CD11c, CD206, CD69, CD80 또는 표준 유동 세포 계측법 염색 프로 시저를 사용하여 다양한 시간 지점에서 CD86를 포함하여, 세포 표면 항원의 발현을 검출하기 위하여 항체를 사용합니다. </li><li> QRT-PCR을 이용하여 IL-1β, TNF-α와 IL-6 (M1 활성화) 또는 IL-10, IL-13, arginase1 및 PPARγ (M2 활성화) 등의 활성화 M1 및 M2 대식 세포의 특징적인 유전자의 발현을 확인합니다. 웨스턴 블롯 분석에 의한 M1 또는 M2 대식 세포의 활성화에 관련된 세포 신호 전달 경로의 활성화를 결정합니다. </li></ol>

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관심 없음 충돌 선언하지 않습니다.

우리는 여기에서 골수 전구 세포에서 유래 대 식세포의 활성화를 유도 할 수있는 간단하고 체외에서 쉽게 적응할 수있는 절차를보고합니다. 이 절차는 대식 세포의 편광에 대한 책임 메커니즘의 연구에 사용할 수 있습니다. 성숙한 대식 세포의 순도는이 프로토콜의 평균에게 95-99%을 사용하여 얻은하고 추가 정제 과정이 필요하지 않습니다. 대식 세포 분극, 자궁외 식 또는 유전자의 특정 ?...

고전적인 염증 반응, 조직을 침투 대식 세포의 구별은 종종 호스트 조직 생리 기능 1-8 조절에 중요한 역할을 편광 정품 인증 상태를 표시합니다. 자극에, 대식 세포 활성화는 고전 (M1) 및 대체 (M2) 활성화 2, 4, 9로 정렬 할 수 있습니다. M1 대 식세포의 활성화는 TNF-α와 같은 염증성 사이토 카인의 생산에 이르는 수신자 같은 수용체 (TLR은) 핵 인자 카파 B (NFκB) / C 6 월 N-말단 키나제 1 (JNK1)의 활성화에 따라 IL- iNOS의의 1β 및 활성화하는 등의 질화물 산화물 (NO) 10, 11와 같은 활성 산소 종의 생산 증가의 결과. 반면, M2 대식 세포 활성화 모집 PPARγ, PPARδ, 또는 IL-4-STAT6 경로는 대체 만노오스 수용체 CD206의 상향 조절과 연관되어, 항 염증 (M2) 활성화 및 arginase 1 (이며 Arg1) 6, 12로 이어지는 - 14 &lt;/&gt;을 먹다. 골수 유래 대 식세포 (BMDM)는 활성화 된 대 식세포 15 편광을 제어하는 메커니즘을 이해하는 체외 모델의 이상을 제시한다. M2 대식 세포의 편광은 IL-4 및 / 또는 IL-13에 의해 유도 될 수 있지만, 특히 M1 대 식세포의 활성화는 리포 다당류 (LPS) 자극에 의​​해 유도 될 수있다. 성숙한 골수 유래 대 식세포 활성화 된 대 식세포는 CD11b, F4/80, CD11c, CD206, CD69, CD80 및 CD86 9, 16, 17 등의 표면 항원의 발현 유동 세포 계측법 분석을 통해 식별 할 수 있습니다. 또한, 시토 킨 생산 및 대식 세포 분극과 관련된 세포 신호 전달 경로의 변화는 정량적 RT-PCR 및 웨스턴 각각 내듯 측정 할 수 있습니다. 요약하면, 마우스 골수 유래 대 식세포는 체외에서 대식 세포 분극을 연구하는 중요한 모델이 될 수 있습니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>IMDM</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>SH30259.01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fetal bovine serum</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>10438-026</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Murine GM-CSF</td><td>PeproTech</td><td>315-03</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NH4Cl</td><td>StemCell Technologies</td><td>7850</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>L-929</td><td>ATCC</td><td>CCL-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>70 &amp;mu;m cell strainer</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>352350</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10 x PBS</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>AP-9009-10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse CD11b-APC</td><td>eBioscience</td><td>17-0112-81</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse F4/80-FITC</td><td>eBioscience</td><td>11-4801-81</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse CD69-PE</td><td>eBioscience</td><td>12-0691-81</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse CD86-PE</td><td>eBioscience</td><td>12-0862-81</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Propidium Iodine</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>P3566</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

investigation of macrophage polarization using bone marrow derived macrophages

이 문서는 대식 세포 분극을 조사하기 위해 체외 모델에서 쉽게 쉽게 적응을 설명합니다. GM-CSF/M-CSF의 면전에서, 골수에서 조혈 줄기 / 전구 세포 M1 또는 M2 자극 한 다음, 단핵구 분화에 연결됩니다. 활성 상태는 세포 표면 항원 유전자 발현 및 세포 신호 전달 경로의 변화에​​ 의해 추적 할 수 있습니다.

BMDM 생성 과정의 개략적 인 설명은 (그림 1) 표시됩니다. 그들은 CD11b + F4/80 + 세포의 95-99% (그림 2)를 나타냅니다 때 성숙한 대식 세포의 순도는 7 일에 관찰 할 수 있습니다. 편광 식세포가 CD11b, F4/80에 대한 항체를 사용하여 검사 할 수 있습니다, CD11c와 CD206는 유동 세포 계측법 분석에 의해 따랐다. 그림 3에서와 같이, M1 대 식세포는 다음과 같이 발견 된 CD11b + F...

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Investigation of Macrophage Polarization Using Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages

이 문서는 쉽게 쉽게 적응을 설명<em&gt; 체외에서</em대식 세포 분극을 조사하기&gt; 모델. GM-CSF/M-CSF의 면전에서, 골수에서 조혈 줄기 / 전구 세포 M1 또는 M2 자극 한 다음, 단핵구 분화에 연결됩니다. 활성 상태는 세포 표면 항원 유전자 발현 및 세포 신호 전달 경로의 변화에​​ 의해 추적 할 수 있습니다.

골수 유래 대 식세포를 사용하여 대식 세포 분극 조사

The article describes a readily easy adaptive in vitro model to investigate macrophage polarization. In the presence of GM-CSF/M-CSF, hematopoietic ...

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JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

66.1K 조회수.  Texas A&M University. 이 문서는 쉽게 쉽게 적응을 설명 체외에서 모델. GM-CSF/M-CSF의 면전에서, 골수에서 조혈 줄기 / 전구 세포 M1 또는 M2 자극 한 다음, 단핵구 분화에 연결됩니다. 활성 상태는 세포 표면 항원 유전자 발현 및 세포 신호 전달 경로의 변화에​​ 의해 추적 할 수 있습니다.

비디오: Investigation of Macrophage Polarization Using Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages

Depletion and Reconstitution of Macrophages in Mice

Macrophages are critical players in the innate immune response to infectious challenge or injury, initiating the innate immune response and directing the acquired immune response. Macrophage dysfunction can lead to an inability to mount an appropriate immune response and as such, has been implicated in many disease processes, including inflammatory bowel diseases. Macrophages display polarized phenotypes that are broadly divided into two categories. Classically activated macrophages, activated by stimulation with IFN&gamma; or LPS, play an essential role in response to bacterial challenge whereas alternatively activated macrophages, activated by IL-4 or IL-13, participate in debris scavenging and tissue remodeling and have been implicated in the resolution phase of inflammation. During an inflammatory response in vivo, macrophages are found amid a complex mixture of infiltrating immune cells and may participate by exacerbating or resolving inflammation. To define the role of macrophages in situ in a whole animal model, it is necessary to examine the effect of depleting macrophages from the complex environment. To ask questions about the role of macrophage phenotype in situ, phenotypically defined polarized macrophages can be derived ex vivo, from bone marrow aspirates and added back to mice, with or without prior depletion of macrophages. In the protocol presented here clodronate-containing liposomes, versus PBS injected controls, were used to deplete colonic macrophages during dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. In addition, polarized macrophages were derived ex vivo and transferred to mice by intravenous injection. A caveat to this approach is that clodronate-containing liposomes deplete all professional phagocytes, including both dendritic cells and macrophages so to ensure the effect observed by depletion is macrophage-specific, reconstitution of phenotype by adoptive transfer of macrophages is necessary. Systemic macrophage depletion in mice can also be achieved by backcrossing mice onto a CD11b-DTR background, which is an excellent complementary approach. The advantage of clodronate-containing liposome-mediated depletion is that it does not require the time and expense involved in backcrossing mice and it can be used in mice regardless of the background of the mice (C57BL/6, BALB/c, or mixed background).

Macrophages play a central role in homeostasis and pathology in many tissues. The protocol presented here describes methods for depleting macrophages in vivo, deriving polarized macrophages from bone marrow aspirates, and adoptively transferring macrophages into mice. These techniques allow determination of the role that polarized macrophages play in health and disease.

마우스의 Macrophages의 고갈과 Reconstitution

Macrophages are critical players in the innate  immune response to infectious challenge or injury, initiating the innate immune  response and directing ...

연구

면역학 및 감염병학

Proteomic Analysis of Human Macrophage Polarization Under a Low Oxygen Environment

Macrophages are innate immune cells involved in a number of physiological functions ranging from responses to infectious pathogens to tissue homeostasis. The various functions of these cells are related to their activation states, which is also called polarization. The precise molecular description of these various polarizations is a priority in the field of macrophage biology. It is currently acknowledged that a multidimensional approach is necessary to describe how polarization is controlled by environmental signals. In this report, we describe a protocol designed to obtain the proteomic signature of various polarizations in human macrophages. This protocol is based on a label-free quantification of macrophage protein expression obtained from in-gel fractionated and Lys C/trypsin-digested cellular lysis content. We also provide a protocol based on in-solution digestion and isoelectric focusing fractionation to use as an alternative. Because oxygen concentration is a relevant environmental parameter in tissues, we use this protocol to explore how atmospheric composition or a low oxygen environment affects the classification of macrophage polarization.

We present a protocol to obtain proteomic signatures of human macrophages and apply this to determination of the impact of a low oxygen environment on macrophage polarization.

낮은 산소 환경에서 인간 대 식 세포 분극의 Proteomic 분석

Macrophages are innate immune cells involved in a number of physiological functions ranging from responses to infectious pathogens to tissue homeostasis. ...

생화학

An In vitro Model to Study Heterogeneity of Human Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization

Monocyte-derived macrophages represent an important cell type of the innate immune system. Mouse models studying macrophage biology suffer from the phenotypic and functional differences between murine and human monocyte-derived macrophages. Therefore, we here describe an in vitro model to generate and study primary human macrophages. Briefly, after density gradient centrifugation of peripheral blood drawn from a forearm vein, monocytes are isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using negative magnetic bead isolation. These monocytes are then cultured for six days under specific conditions to induce different types of macrophage differentiation or polarization. The model is easy to use and circumvents the problems caused by species-specific differences between mouse and man. Furthermore, it is closer to the in vivo conditions than the use of immortalized cell lines. In conclusion, the model described here is suitable to study macrophage biology, identify disease mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets. Even though not fully replacing experiments with animals or human tissues obtained post mortem, the model described here allows identification and validation of disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets that may be highly relevant to various human diseases.

An In vitro Model to Study Heterogeneity of Human Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization

Monocyte-derived macrophages are important cells of the innate immune system. Here, we describe an easy to use in vitro model to generate these cells. Using gradient centrifugation, negative bead isolation and specific cell culture conditions, monocyte-derived macrophages can be generated for phenotypic and functional studies.

<em&gt; 체외</em인간 대식 세포의 분화와 양극화의 이질성을 연구&gt; 모델

Monocyte-derived macrophages represent an important cell type of the innate immune system. Mouse models studying macrophage biology suffer from the ...

Isolation of Human Monocytes by Double Gradient Centrifugation and Their Differentiation to Macrophages in Teflon-coated Cell Culture Bags

Human macrophages are involved in a plethora of pathologic processes ranging from infectious diseases to cancer. Thus they pose a valuable tool to understand the underlying mechanisms of these diseases. We therefore present a straightforward protocol for the isolation of human monocytes from buffy coats, followed by a differentiation procedure which results in high macrophage yields. The technique relies mostly on commonly available lab equipment and thus provides a cost and time effective way to obtain large quantities of human macrophages. Briefly, buffy coats from healthy blood donors are subjected to a double density gradient centrifugation to harvest monocytes from the peripheral blood. These monocytes are then cultured in fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) Teflon-coated cell culture bags in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). The differentiated macrophages can be easily harvested and used for subsequent studies and functional assays. Important methods for quality control and validation of the isolation and differentiation steps will be highlighted within the protocol. In summary, the protocol described here enables scientists to routinely and reproducibly isolate human macrophages without the need for cost intensive tools. Furthermore, disease models can be studied in a syngeneic human system circumventing the use of murine macrophages.

We present a simple and efficient protocol for the generation of human macrophages. Buffy coats are processed by double density gradient centrifugation and isolated monocytes are then differentiated to macrophages in Teflon-coated cell culture bags. This maximizes macrophage yields and facilitates cell harvesting for subsequent experiments.

인간의 두 그라데이션 원심 분리하여 단핵구와 테프론 코팅 세포 배양 가방에서 대 식세포로 분화의 분리

Human macrophages are involved in a plethora of pathologic processes ranging from infectious diseases to cancer. Thus they pose a valuable tool to ...

Isolation of Murine Peritoneal Macrophages to Carry Out Gene Expression Analysis Upon Toll-like Receptors Stimulation

During infection and inflammation, circulating monocytes leave the bloodstream and migrate into tissues, where they differentiate into macrophages. Macrophages express surface Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize molecular patterns conserved through evolution in a wide range of microorganisms. TLRs play a central role in macrophage activation which is usually associated with gene expression alteration. Macrophages are critical in many diseases and have emerged as attractive targets for therapy. In the following protocol, we describe a procedure to isolate murine peritoneal macrophages using Brewer&#8217;s thioglycollate medium. The latter will boost monocyte migration into the peritoneum, accordingly this will raise macrophage yield by 10-fold. Several studies have been carried out using bone marrow, spleen or peritoneal derived macrophages. However, peritoneal macrophages were shown to be more mature upon isolation and are more stable in their functionality and phenotype. Thus, macrophages isolated from murine peritoneal cavity present an important cell population that can serve in different immunological and metabolic studies. Once isolated, macrophages were stimulated with different TLR ligands and consequently&#160;gene expression was evaluated.

We describe here a simple protocol to isolate murine peritoneal macrophages. This procedure is followed by RNA extraction to carry out gene expression analysis upon Toll-like receptors stimulation.

쥐 복막 대 식세포의 분리는 수신자 같은 수용체 자극하면 유전자 발현 분석을 수행하기

During infection and inflammation, circulating monocytes leave the bloodstream and migrate into tissues, where they differentiate into macrophages. ...

Metabolic Characterization of Polarized M1 and M2 Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages Using Real-time Extracellular Flux Analysis

Specific metabolic pathways are increasingly being recognized as critical hallmarks of macrophage subsets. While LPS-induced classically activated M1 or M(LPS) macrophages are pro-inflammatory, IL-4 induces alternative macrophage activation and these so-called M2 or M(IL-4) support resolution of inflammation and wound healing. Recent evidence shows the crucial role of metabolic reprogramming in the regulation of M1 and M2 macrophage polarization. 
In this manuscript, an extracellular flux analyzer is applied to assess the metabolic characteristics of naive, M1 and M2 polarized mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. This instrument uses pH and oxygen sensors to measure the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR), which can be related to glycolytic and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. As such, both glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism can be measured in real-time in one single assay.
Using this technique, we demonstrate here that inflammatory M1 macrophages display enhanced glycolytic metabolism and reduced mitochondrial activity. Conversely, anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages show high mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and are characterized by an enhanced spare respiratory capacity (SRC). 
The presented functional assay serves as a framework to investigate how particular cytokines, pharmacological compounds, gene knock outs or other interventions affect the macrophage&#8217;s metabolic phenotype and inflammatory status.

Metabolic reprogramming is a characteristic and prerequisite for M1 and M2 macrophage polarization. This manuscript describes an assay for the measurement of fundamental parameters of glycolysis and mitochondrial function in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. This tool can be applied to investigate how particular factors affect the macrophage&#8217;s metabolism and phenotype.

실시간 세포 외 유출 분석을 사용하여 편광 M1과 M2 골수 유래 대 식세포의 대사 특성

Specific metabolic pathways are increasingly being recognized as critical hallmarks of macrophage subsets. While LPS-induced classically activated M1 or ...

A Comprehensive High-Efficiency Protocol for Isolation, Culture, Polarization, and Glycolytic Characterization of Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages

Macrophages are among the most important antigen-presenting cells. Many subsets of macrophages have been identified with unique metabolic signatures. Macrophages are commonly classified as M1-like (inflammatory) and M2-like (anti-inflammatory) subtypes. M1-like macrophages are pro-inflammatory macrophages that get activated by LPS and/or pro-inflammatory cytokines such as INF-&#947;, IL-12 &#38; IL-2. M1-like polarized macrophages are involved in various diseases by mediating the host&#39;s defense to a variety of bacteria and viruses. That is very important to study LPS induced M1-like macrophages and their metabolic states in inflammatory diseases. M2-like macrophages are considered anti-inflammatory macrophages, activated by anti-inflammatory cytokines and stimulators. Under the pro-inflammatory state, macrophages show increased glycolysis in glycolytic function. The glycolytic function has been actively investigated in the context of glycolysis, glycolytic capacity, glycolytic reserve, compensatory glycolysis, or non-glycolytic acidification using extracellular flux (XF) analyzers.
This paper demonstrates how to assess the glycolytic states in real-time with easy-to-follow steps when the bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) are respiring, consuming, and producing energy. Using specific inhibitors and activators of glycolysis in this protocol, we show how to obtain a systemic and complete view of glycolytic metabolic processes in the cells and provide more accurate and realistic results. To be able to measure multiple glycolytic phenotypes, we provide an easy, sensitive, DNA-based normalization method for polarization assessment of BMDMs. Culturing, activation/polarization and identification of the phenotype and metabolic state of the BMDMs are crucial techniques that can help to investigate many different types of diseases.
In this paper, we polarized the na&#239;ve M0 macrophages to M1-like and M2-like macrophages with LPS and IL4, respectively, and measured a comprehensive set of glycolytic parameters in BMDMs in real-time and longitudinally over time, using extracellular flux analysis and glycolytic activators and inhibitors.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>골수 유래 대식세포의 분리, 배양, 분극 및 해당작용 특성화를 위한 포괄적인 고효율 프로토콜

This protocol provides detailed and comprehensive methods for the isolation, culture, polarization, and measurement of the glycolytic metabolic state of live bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). This paper provides step-by-step instructions with realistic visual illustrations for workflow and glycolytic assessment of BMDMs in real-time.

골수 유래 대식세포의 분리, 배양, 분극 및 해당작용 특성화를 위한 포괄적인 고효율 프로토콜

Macrophages are among the most important antigen-presenting cells. Many subsets of macrophages have been identified with unique metabolic signatures. ...

Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization into an M2-Like Phenotype using a Human Monocyte-Like THP-1 Leukemia Cell Line

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) can switch their expression and cytokine profile according to external stimuli. This remarkable plasticity enables TAM to adapt to ongoing changes within the tumor microenvironment. Macrophages can have either primarily pro-inflammatory (M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) attributes and can continually switch between these two main states. M2-like macrophages within the tumor environment are associated with cancer progression and poor prognosis in several types of cancer. Many different methods for inducing differentiation and polarization of THP-1 cells are used to investigate cellular and intercellular mechanisms and the effects of TAM within the microenvironment of tumors. Currently, there is no established model for M2-like macrophage polarization using the THP-1 cell line, and the results of expression and cytokine profiles of macrophages due to certain in vitro stimuli vary between studies. This protocol serves as detailed guidance to differentiate THP-1 monocyte-like cells into M0 macrophages and to further polarize cells into an M2-like phenotype within 14 days. We demonstrate the morphological changes of THP-1 monocyte-like cells, differentiated macrophages, and polarized M2-like macrophages using light microscopy. This model is the basis for cell line models investigating the anti-inflammatory effects of TAM and their interactions with other cell populations of the tumor microenvironment.

M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in cancer. This protocol serves as a detailed guide to reproducibly differentiate and polarize THP-1 monocyte-like cells into M2-like macrophages within 14 days. This model is the basis to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of TAM within the tumor microenvironment.

인간 단세포와 같은 THP-1 백혈병 세포선을 사용하여 M2와 같은 표현형으로 대식세포 분화 및 편광

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) can switch their expression and cytokine profile according to external stimuli. This remarkable plasticity enables TAM ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>대식세포에 대한 임플란트 표면의 면역조절 효과 평가

Polarization and Characterization of M1 and M2 Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages on Implant Surfaces 

Foreign body reaction (FBR), an immune-mediated complex healing process, plays a crucial role in integrating implants into the body. Macrophages, as the first line of immune system interaction with implant surfaces, play a bidirectional role in modulating the inflammation-regeneration balance. For a deep understanding and the evaluation of the reactions between implant materials and immune responses, reliable in vitro methods and protocols are pivotal. Among different in vitro models, primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) present an excellent model for investigating macrophage-implant interactions. We have implemented an experimental protocol to evaluate the polarization of MDMs into M1 (classically activated) and M2 (alternatively activated) macrophages on implant surfaces. We isolated blood monocytes from healthy donors and differentiated them into macrophages using macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Differentiated macrophages were cultured on implant surfaces and polarized into M1 and M2 subtypes. M1 polarization was achieved in the presence of interferon (IFN)-&#947; and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while M2 polarization was performed in a medium containing interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13. We evaluated macrophage phenotypes by Enzyme-linked&#160;Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) based on panels of secreted cytokines, cell surface markers, and expressed genes. The extracted RNA was transformed into complementary DNA (cDNA), and qRT-PCR was used to quantify mRNA related to M1 and M2 macrophages. Accordingly, M1 macrophages have been characterized by higher expression of proinflammatory Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-&#945;) cytokine and CCR7 surface marker compared to M2&#160;macrophages, which exhibited higher levels of CD209 and CCL13. Consequently, CCR7 and CD209 were identified as specific and reliable markers of M1 and M2 macrophage subtypes by immunostaining and visualizing by CLSM. Further confirmation was achieved by ELISA detecting elevated TNF-&#593; level in M1 and increased CCL13 in M2 cells. The proposed markers and experimental setup can be used effectively to assess the immunomodulatory potential of implants.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>임플란트 표면의 M1 및 M2 인간 단핵구 유래 대식세포의 분극 및 특성화

Here, we present a detailed protocol for assessing the immunomodulatory potential of implant surfaces in vitro, aiming to improve the reliability and reproducibility of current protocols and promoting further research. Secretory cytokine profiles, mRNA expression, and cell surface markers were monitored using blood monocyte-derived macrophages to investigate macrophage polarization cultivated on titanium.

임플란트 표면의 M1 및 M2 인간 단핵구 유래 대식세포의 분극 및 특성화 

Foreign body reaction (FBR), an immune-mediated complex healing process, plays a crucial role in integrating implants into the body. Macrophages, as the ...

골수 유래 대 식세포를 사용하여 대식 세포 분극 조사

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

마우스의 Macrophages의 고갈과 Reconstitution

낮은 산소 환경에서 인간 대 식 세포 분극의 Proteomic 분석

인간의 두 그라데이션 원심 분리하여 단핵구와 테프론 코팅 세포 배양 가방에서 대 식세포로 분화의 분리

쥐 복막 대 식세포의 분리는 수신자 같은 수용체 자극하면 유전자 발현 분석을 수행하기

실시간 세포 외 유출 분석을 사용하여 편광 M1과 M2 골수 유래 대 식세포의 대사 특성

골수 유래 대식세포의 분리, 배양, 분극 및 해당작용 특성화를 위한 포괄적인 고효율 프로토콜

골수 유래 대식세포의 분리, 배양, 분극 및 해당작용 특성화를 위한 포괄적인 고효율 프로토콜

인간 단세포와 같은 THP-1 백혈병 세포선을 사용하여 M2와 같은 표현형으로 대식세포 분화 및 편광

임플란트 표면의 M1 및 M2 인간 단핵구 유래 대식세포의 분극 및 특성화