Name: brain slice biotinylation: an ex vivo approach to measure region-specific plasma membrane protein trafficking in adult neurons
Uploaded: 2014-04-03T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Brain Slice Biotinylation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Measure Region-specific Plasma Membrane Protein Trafficking in Adult Neurons at JoVE.com

This work was funded by NIH grants DA15169 and DA035224 to H.E.M.

All animal handling and tissue harvesting was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the University of Massachusetts Medical School Institutional Animal Care Use Committee (IACUC), following the approved protocol #A1506 (Melikian, P.I.).
Required solutions
Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) - Make fresh daily
125 mM NaCl, 2.5 mM KCl, 1.2 mM NaH2PO4, 1.2 mM MgCl2...

<ol>
	<li>Conner, S. D., Schmid, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulated+portals+of+entry+into+the+cell.">Regulated portals of entry into the cell.</a> Nature. 422, 37-44 (2003).</li><li>Zastrow, M., Williams, J. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modulating+neuromodulation+by+receptor+membrane+traffic+in+the+endocytic+pathway.">Modulating neuromodulation by receptor membrane traffic in the endocytic pathway.</a> Neuron. 76, 22-32 (2012).</li><li>Leto, D., Saltiel, A. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+glucose+transport+by+insulin:+traffic+control+of+GLUT4.">Regulation of glucose transport by insulin: traffic control of GLUT4.</a> Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 13, 383-396 (2012).</li><li>Liu, Y. W., Lukiyanchuk, V., Schmid, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Common+membrane+trafficking+defects+of+disease-associated+dynamin+2+mutations.">Common membrane trafficking defects of disease-associated dynamin 2 mutations.</a> Traffic. 12, 1620-1633 (2011).</li><li>Li, X., DiFiglia, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+recycling+endosome+and+its+role+in+neurological+disorders.">The recycling endosome and its role in neurological disorders.</a> Prog. Neurobiol. , 127-141 (2012).</li><li>Sandvig, K., Pust, S., Skotland, T., van Deurs, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clathrin-independent+endocytosis:+mechanisms+and+function.">Clathrin-independent endocytosis: mechanisms and function.</a> Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 23, 413-420 (2011).</li><li>Kumari, S., Mg, S., Mayor, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endocytosis+unplugged:+multiple+ways+to+enter+the+cell.">Endocytosis unplugged: multiple ways to enter the cell.</a> Cell Res. 20, 256-275 (2010).</li><li>Barry, M. F., Ziff, E. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Receptor+trafficking+and+the+plasticity+of+excitatory+synapses.">Receptor trafficking and the plasticity of excitatory synapses.</a> Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 12, 279-286 (2002).</li><li>Bredt, D. S., Nicoll, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=AMPA+receptor+trafficking+at+excitatory+synapses.">AMPA receptor trafficking at excitatory synapses.</a> Neuron. 40, 361-379 (2003).</li><li>Kerchner, G. A., Nicoll, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Silent+synapses+and+the+emergence+of+a+postsynaptic+mechanism+for+LTP.">Silent synapses and the emergence of a postsynaptic mechanism for LTP.</a> Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 9, 813-825 (2008).</li><li>Malinow, R., Malenka, R. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=AMPA+receptor+trafficking+and+synaptic+plasticity.">AMPA receptor trafficking and synaptic plasticity.</a> Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 25, 103-126 (2002).</li><li>Borgland, S. L., Malenka, R. C., Bonci, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+and+chronic+cocaine-induced+potentiation+of+synaptic+strength+in+the+ventral+tegmental+area:+electrophysiological+and+behavioral+correlates+in+individual+rats.">Acute and chronic cocaine-induced potentiation of synaptic strength in the ventral tegmental area: electrophysiological and behavioral correlates in individual rats.</a> J. Neurosci. 24, 7482-7490 (2004).</li><li>Dong, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cocaine-induced+potentiation+of+synaptic+strength+in+dopamine+neurons:+Behavioral+correlates+in+GluRA(-/-)+mice.">Cocaine-induced potentiation of synaptic strength in dopamine neurons: Behavioral correlates in GluRA(-/-) mice.</a> PNAS. 101, 14282-14287 (2004).</li><li>Hyman, S. E., Malenka, R. C., Nestler, E. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+mechanisms+of+addiction:+the+role+of+reward-related+learning+and+memory.">Neural mechanisms of addiction: the role of reward-related learning and memory.</a> Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 29, 565-598 (2006).</li><li>Thomas, M. J., Malenka, R. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synaptic+plasticity+in+the+mesolimbic+dopamine+system.">Synaptic plasticity in the mesolimbic dopamine system.</a> Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 358, 815-819 (2003).</li><li>Sorkina, T., Hoover, B. R., Zahniser, N. R., Sorkin, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Constitutive+and+protein+kinase+C-induced+internalization+of+the+dopamine+transporter+is+mediated+by+a+clathrin-dependent+mechanism.">Constitutive and protein kinase C-induced internalization of the dopamine transporter is mediated by a clathrin-dependent mechanism.</a> Traffic. 6, 157-170 (2005).</li><li>Holton, K. L., Loder, M. K., Melikian, H. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nonclassical,+distinct+endocytic+signals+dictate+constitutive+and+PKC-regulated+neurotransmitter+transporter+internalization.">Nonclassical, distinct endocytic signals dictate constitutive and PKC-regulated neurotransmitter transporter internalization.</a> Nat. Neurosci. 8, 881-888 (2005).</li><li>Loder, M. K., Melikian, H. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+dopamine+transporter+constitutively+internalizes+and+recycles+in+a+protein+kinase+C-regulated+manner+in+stably+transfected+PC12+cell+lines.">The dopamine transporter constitutively internalizes and recycles in a protein kinase C-regulated manner in stably transfected PC12 cell lines.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 278, 22168-22174 (2003).</li><li>Melikian, H. E., Buckley, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Membrane+trafficking+regulates+the+activity+of+the+human+dopamine+transporter.">Membrane trafficking regulates the activity of the human dopamine transporter.</a> J. Neurosci. 19, 7699-7710 (1999).</li><li>Daniels, G. M., Amara, S. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulated+trafficking+of+the+human+dopamine+transporter.+Clathrin-mediated+internalization+and+lysosomal+degradation+in+response+to+phorbol+esters.">Regulated trafficking of the human dopamine transporter. Clathrin-mediated internalization and lysosomal degradation in response to phorbol esters.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 274, 35794-35801 (1999).</li><li>Sorkina, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RNA+interference+screen+reveals+an+essential+role+of+Nedd4-2+in+dopamine+transporter+ubiquitination+and+endocytosis.">RNA interference screen reveals an essential role of Nedd4-2 in dopamine transporter ubiquitination and endocytosis.</a> J. Neurosci. 26, 8195-8205 (2006).</li><li>Eriksen, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualization+of+dopamine+transporter+trafficking+in+live+neurons+by+use+of+fluorescent+cocaine+analogs.">Visualization of dopamine transporter trafficking in live neurons by use of fluorescent cocaine analogs.</a> J. Neurosci. 29, 6794-6808 (2009).</li><li>Rao, A., Simmons, D., Sorkin, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+subcellular+distribution+of+endosomal+compartments+and+the+dopamine+transporter+in+dopaminergic+neurons.">Differential subcellular distribution of endosomal compartments and the dopamine transporter in dopaminergic neurons.</a> Mol. Cell Neurosci. 46, 148-158 (2011).</li><li>Zhao, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+type-specific+channelrhodopsin-2+transgenic+mice+for+optogenetic+dissection+of+neural+circuitry+function.">Cell type-specific channelrhodopsin-2 transgenic mice for optogenetic dissection of neural circuitry function.</a> Nat. Methods. 8, 745-752 (2011).</li></ol>

Despite longstanding knowledge that endocytic trafficking critically impacts synaptic signaling in the brain, it has proved challenging to quantitatively measure changes in protein surface expression in adult neurons.&#160;In this work, we report a reliable approach to label surface protein ex vivo in acute brain slices.&#160;Brain slice preparations have a longstanding history of utility for electrophysiological recordings, as they maintain synaptic connections and cell viability up to hours after their prepara...

Endocytic trafficking is a ubiquitous cellular mechanism that fine-tunes the plasma membrane presentation of a variety of integral membrane proteins.&#160;Endocytosis delivers vital nutrients to the intracellular milieu1 and desensitizes receptor signaling in response to receptor activation2.&#160;Endocytic recycling back to the plasma membrane can additionally enhance cellular signaling by increasing protein expression levels at the cell surface3.&#160;Moreover, membrane trafficking perturbations are implicated in numerous disease and pathological conditions4,5, stressing the need to investigate the molecular mechanisms that govern protein endocytic trafficking.&#160;While many proteins utilize classic clathrin-dependent internalization mechanisms, mounting evidence over the past several years demonstrates that multiple clathrin-independent endocytic mechanisms govern the endocytic potential of an increasing array of proteins6,7.&#160;Thus, the need to investigate endocytic mechanisms facilitating trafficking in physiological relevant systems has grown considerably.
In the brain, endocytic trafficking of receptors, ion channels and neurotransmitter transporters has a primary role in establishing synaptic plasticity8-11 and response to drugs of abuse12-15, ultimately impacting neuronal excitability and synaptic responses.&#160;To date the majority of neuronal trafficking studies rely on either heterologous expression systems or cultured primary neurons, neither of which may reliably reflect mechanisms at play in adult neurons.&#160;Here, we report an approach that uses surface biotinylation to quantitatively measure surface protein levels in acute brain slices derived from adult rodents. Using this approach, we present data that demonstrate that the mouse striatal dopamine transporter rapidly internalizes in response to phorbol ester-mediated protein kinase C (PKC) activation.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="682">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:315px;">sulfo NHS-SS-biotin</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Pierce</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">21331</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:315px;">Streptavidin agarose</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Pierce</td>
			<td>20347</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:315px;">IgG-free, Protease-free Bovine serum albumin</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Sigma</td>
			<td>A3059</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:315px;">Vibrating microtome sectioner</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Various</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:315px;">Shaking water bath</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">various</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:315px;">Milli-cell mesh-bottomed inserts (8&#181;m pore size)</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PI8P 012 50</td>
			<td>These can be washed by hand and re-used</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

brain slice biotinylation: an ex vivo approach to measure region-specific plasma membrane protein trafficking in adult neurons

Regulated endocytic trafficking is the central mechanism facilitating a variety of neuromodulatory events, by dynamically controlling receptor, ion channel, and transporter cell surface presentation on a minutes time scale.&#160;There is a broad diversity of mechanisms that control endocytic trafficking of individual proteins. Studies investigating the molecular underpinnings of trafficking have primarily relied upon surface biotinylation to quantitatively measure changes in membrane protein surface expression in response to exogenous stimuli and gene manipulation.&#160;However, this approach has been mainly limited to cultured cells, which may not faithfully reflect the physiologically relevant mechanisms at play in adult neurons.&#160;Moreover, cultured cell approaches may underestimate region-specific differences in trafficking mechanisms.&#160;Here, we describe an approach that extends cell surface biotinylation to the acute brain slice preparation.&#160;We demonstrate that this method provides a high-fidelity approach to measure rapid changes in membrane protein surface levels in adult neurons.&#160;This approach is likely to have broad utility in the field of neuronal endocytic trafficking.

The neuronal dopamine transporter is internalized in response to PKC activation in cell lines16-20. Despite many reports demonstrating PKC-induced DAT surface losses in a variety of cell lines and expression systems, it has been challenging to confirm this finding in cultured dopaminergic neurons21-23. We used mouse striatal slices to directly test whether DAT internalizes in response to PKC activation in adult dopaminergic neurons. Following slice preparation, slices were hemisected along the midli...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Brain Slice Biotinylation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Measure Region-specific Plasma Membrane Protein Trafficking in Adult Neurons at JoVE.com

Brain Slice Biotinylation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Measure Region-specific Plasma Membrane Protein Trafficking in Adult Neurons

Neuronal membrane trafficking dynamically controls plasma membrane protein availability and significantly impacts neurotransmission.&#160;To date, it has been challenging to measure neuronal endocytic trafficking in adult neurons.&#160;Here, we describe a highly effective, quantitative method to measure rapid changes in surface protein expression ex vivo in acute brain slices.

Brain Slice Biotinylation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Measure Region-specific Plasma Membrane Protein Trafficking in Adult Neurons

Regulated endocytic trafficking is the central mechanism facilitating a variety of neuromodulatory events, by dynamically controlling receptor, ion ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Functional Neuroimaging Using Ultrasonic Blood-brain Barrier Disruption and Manganese-enhanced MRI

Although mice are the dominant model system for studying the genetic and molecular underpinnings of neuroscience, functional neuroimaging in mice remains ...

Imaging pHluorin-tagged Receptor Insertion to the Plasma Membrane in Primary Cultured Mouse Neurons

A better understanding of the mechanisms governing receptor trafficking between the plasma membrane (PM) and intracellular compartments requires an ...

Genetic Manipulation of Cerebellar Granule Neurons In Vitro and In Vivo to Study Neuronal Morphology and Migration

Genetic Manipulation of Cerebellar Granule Neurons In Vitro and In Vivo to Study Neuronal Morphology and Migration

Developmental events in the brain including neuronal morphogenesis and migration are highly orchestrated processes. In vitro and in vivo analyses allow ...

Using an &#945;-Bungarotoxin Binding Site Tag to Study GABA A Receptor Membrane Localization and Trafficking

Using an ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â±-Bungarotoxin Binding Site Tag to Study GABA A Receptor Membrane Localization and Trafficking

It is increasingly evident that neurotransmitter receptors, including ionotropic GABA A receptors (GABAAR), exhibit highly dynamic trafficking and cell ...

Slice It Hot: Acute Adult Brain Slicing in Physiological Temperature

Here we present a protocol for preparation of acute brain slices. This procedure is a critical element for electrophysiological patch-clamp experiments ...

An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time

An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time

Injured CNS axons fail to regenerate and often retract away from the injury site. Axons spared from the initial injury may later undergo secondary axonal ...

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Dissection of Fear Circuits in Brain Slices

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Dissection of Fear Circuits in Brain Slices

Optogenetic approaches are now widely used to study the function of neural populations and circuits by combining targeted expression of light-activated ...

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health crisis which is characterized by insulin signaling impairment and chronic inflammation in peripheral ...

An Alternative Approach to Study Primary Events in Neurodegeneration Using Ex Vivo Rat Brain Slices

An Alternative Approach to Study Primary Events in Neurodegeneration Using Ex Vivo Rat Brain Slices

Despite&#160;numerous studies that attempt to develop reliable animal models&#160;which reflecting the primary processes underlying neurodegeneration, ...

Using Near-infrared Fluorescence and High-resolution Scanning to Measure Protein Expression in the Rodent Brain

Neuroscience is the study of how cells in the brain mediate various functions. Measuring protein expression in neurons and glia is critical for the study ...